Macadamia, kapena Walnut waku Australia

Mtengo wa Walnut ku Australia, womwe umadziwika kuti Macadamia, umamera m'malo okhala madera a Australia, nyengo yotentha komanso yotentha. Mtedza wa Macadamia umakondedwa, kuyamikiridwa ndikuonedwa ngati chakudya chamtengo padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zovuta za kukolola kwazinthu zapangitsa kuti macadamia ikhale nati yodula kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Macadamia adayamba kufotokozedwa ndi katswiri wazomera waku Germany a Ferdinand von Muller, ndipo adamupatsa dzina la John Macadam waku Australia. Izi zisanachitike, mtedzawu unkatchedwa mosiyanasiyana: mullimbimbi, boomer, kindal. Pakadali pano, padziko lonse lapansi, dzina "Macadamia" lapatsidwa ku chomera ndi zipatso zake.

Macadamia (Macadamia), kapena nati yaku Australia, kapena Kindali - mtundu wazomera zam'banja la Proteaceae (Proteaceae).

Kufotokozera kwa Macadamia

Mitundu ya macadamia yolima imakula kutalika kwa 10 mpaka 15 metres ndi korona wofalikira. Mtengo wokometserawu umatulutsa nthangala zambiri, zonenepa zomwe zimakhala m'miyala yolimba. Mbewu zotchedwa mtedza wa macadamia zimatha kudya. Mtedza wa Macadamia uli ndi kirimu wowawasa, wokoma pang'ono komanso wowoneka bwino. Mtedza nthawi zambiri amapsa pakati pa Marichi ndi Seputembara, koma nthawi zina zipatso zimachitika chaka chonse.

Ma pollinator achilengedwe a macadamia ndi njuchi, zomwe sizingogwira bwino ntchitoyi, komanso zimapanga uchi wonunkhira kuchokera mungu ndi timadzi tokoma.

Maluwa a Macadamia ndi ang'ono, oyera-kirimu kapena pinki, amatuluka pamtengo kutalika kofanana ndi khutu kapena khutu. Kuchokera mwa iwo mumatuluka fungo lokoma.

Mtedza wazomera womwe umakhala ngati mawonekedwe ozungulira, pafupifupi 1.5-2 cm, wokutidwa ndi chipolopolo chamtundu wonyezimira, wonyezimira, wokhala ndi khungwa lomwe silingapezeke bwino kuchokera ku chipolopolo.

Mitundu ya Macadamia

Pali mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya macadamia, isanu yomwe imamera ku Australia kokha. Mitundu itatu mwa iyo ilimidwa: Macadamia merifolia, Macadamia ternifolia, ndi Macadamia tetraphylla. Ndipo mitundu iwiri yokha (Macadamia merifolia ndi Macadamia tetraphylla) ndi yomwe ingadyedwe yaiwisi. Minda ya Macadamia ili ku Australia, California, Brazil, South Africa, ndi Hawaii.

Mtengo wa Macadamia - Mafuta aku Australia, kapena amtundu (Macadamia).

Macadamia akukula

Malo abwino kwambiri okulitsa macadamia ndi nyengo yam'mapiri, ndipo nyengo yotentha (yopanda chisanu), mvula yamphamvu 200 - 250 cm pachaka. Mitengo itha kubzalidwa m'malo omwe mumagwa mvula yochepa, koma ingafunikire kuthirira.

Mitengo yodabwitsayi imathanso kubzala m'munda wozizira panyumba, pomwe kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira sikungotsika pansi +3 degrees Celsius.

Mitengo ya Macadamia mtedza salekerera kutsika kwa kutentha mpaka 0 Celsius, nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka. Zoyenera kuti zikule ndi kutentha kwa 20 ... 25 ° C. Mitengo ya Macadamia imakonda malo otetezedwa ndi mphepo. Amafunika kubzalidwe m'malo opanga dzuwa, ngakhale kuti mwamthunzi pang'ono ndi koyenera.

Macadamia amakonda nthaka yamiyala kapena yamchenga, komanso imamera panthaka yopanda dongo, pomwe pali madzi okwanira. Mtundu wa pH (acidity) wamtunda uli pakati pa 5.5 ndi 6.5.

Mukabzala mtengo wa macadamia, muyenera kukumba kabowo kawiri ndikuzama kuposa kukula kwa mizu. Mukadzala mtengo mu dzenje, muyenera kukumbukira kuti simungathe kuzama khosi la chomera pansipa.

Zipatso za macadamia kapena mtedza wa ku Australia.

Kufalitsa kwa macadamia

Macadamia amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndikumalumikiza. Mbewu zimamera pa kutentha kwa + 25 ° C, ndipo mitengo imayamba kubala zipatso zaka 8-12. Pazolinga zamalonda, mitengo imafalikira pomalumikiza, ikayamba kubala zipatso zaka 6 mpaka 7 mutabzala. Mtengo wachikulire wa macadamia umatulutsa pafupifupi makilogalamu 100 a mtedza pachaka 40 mpaka 50.