Timakula mofiira ndi oyera ma currants

Kwawo kwa ofiira oyera ndi oyera cur Europe ndi Europe ndi Siberia, motero kumakhala momasuka m'minda yathu. Nthawi zambiri timawerenga nyimbo zopatsa ulemu zomwe zimalemekezedwa. Mosakaikira, ndiwothandiza kwambiri, koma alongo ake sakhala otsika kwambiri kwa iye mu kulawa ndi kuchira. Kotero mwachitsanzo zipatso zofiira currant chotsani mchere wa mercury, cobalt, tini, lead kuchokera mthupi. Mapaundi ofiira ofiira okhala ndi mavitamini C ochuluka ngati mandimu atatu akulu.

Zoyala zamtchire zimatha kupezeka m'mapiri, m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango. Zipatso za currant yofiira zimakhala ndi mavitamini C, A, B1, B2, PP, K, E, kufufuza zinthu, ma acid, pectins.

Pazakudya za ana ndi okalamba, ma currant ofiira samangokhala m'malo. Kwa akuluakulu, zimathandizanso kukhala ndi thanzi, zimapatsa osewera mphamvu zowonjezera.

Agogo athu ndi agogo athu aakazi agwiritsa ntchito mofunitsitsa mankhwala ochiritsira ofiira ndi oyera pochapa mabanja. Currant madzi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi sikuti kumalizitsa ludzu pamitengo yokwezeka, komanso amagwira ntchito ngati antipyretic komanso anti-yotupa.

Red currant, kapena wamba currant, kapena munda currant (lat. Ribes rubrum) - shrub yaying'ono yachinyumba cha banja la jamu (Grossulariaceae).

Ma currants ofiira ndi oyera ali ndi biology ya chitukuko yemweyo, koma mosiyana ndi biology yakuda. White currant ndi mitundu ofiira ndipo imasiyana ndi iyo pokhapokha utoto ndi kukoma kwa chipatso.

Malo ogawikirawa ndi mdera la nkhalango ku Eurasia konse, komwe amakulira kuthengo. Imachitika m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, imakonda mitsinje kapena mitsinje, imapangidwa m'nkhweli.

Mizu yake imalowa pansi mozama kwambiri ngati mpweya wambiri. Chaka chilichonse, mphukira zimamera kuchokera pansi, pomwe champhamvu chimasiyidwa kuti ipange chitsamba, chofowoka chimachotsedwa.

Masamba osinthana, asanu, atatu kapena okhathamira. Zipatso ndizambiri. Pa mitengo yamtengo wapachaka amapezeka mosiyanasiyana, komanso kwa zaka ziwiri ndi zaka - m'magulu. Mphukira, yomwe ili pachifuwa cha tsamba la mphukira yam pachaka, imamasula masika ndikupatsa maluwa, ndipo pambuyo pake imakhala mphete ya zipatso, yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali kupatula mitundu yamtundu wakuda. Cur cur ofiira ndi oyera amalowa masamba kale kuposa wakuda. Chipatsochi ndi mabulosi ambiri. Mukuyera, imakhala ndi ofiira, ofiira, ofiira kapena ofiira, ndipo yoyera imakhala yoyera kapena yachikasu. Mawonekedwe a mabulosi ndi ozungulira, ozungulira komanso oboola pakati.

Zipatso za ma currants ofiira ndi oyera zimakhala ndi shuga, ma acid, zinthu zonunkhira ndi mavitamini. Zotsalazo ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi zakuda, makamaka vitamini C. Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwedwa mwatsopano, komanso kupanga jamu, juisi, marmalade, jelly, etc.

Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi kukonzekera dothi

Ma currants ofiira ndi oyera amakhala ndi ulemu wambiri: amatha kudalalidwa pamadothi osiyanasiyana chonde. Sangathe kungoyima malo opanda chinyezi, opanda chinyezi komanso malo okhala ndi mthunzi kwambiri.. Mitundu yonse yodziwika ndi pafupi kudzala chonde, koma monga zipatso zambiri za mabulosi, curators amatulutsa zokolola zochulukirapo ndi mungu wochokera ku mitundu ina.

Chipatsochi chimabala zipatso bwino m'malo owala. Mopepuka, zipatso sizikhala zachikuda komanso zosakoma. Ma currants amakonda lotayirira, yopepuka loamy ndi mchenga loamy dothi, osalowerera kapena pang'ono acidic acid.

Ngati dothi lakhazikika m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali kuphukira kapena malo ndi ochepa, ndiye kuti mitengo yofiira ndi yoyera ibzalidwe pamabedi otsika

Kutenga ndi kusamalira

Currant amakonda malo okhala ndi dzuwa otetezedwa ndi mphepo yozizira, nthaka yachonde komanso yopanda dothi.

Mbande ndibzalidwe ndibwino kumayambiriro yophukira, koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Ndiowopsa kuphonya tsiku lomaliza: mbande sizikhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu ndikukonzekera yozizira.

Kubzala mitengo kumadalira maonekedwe a mitunduyo, ndikumawerengetsa zomwe wamkulu azidzakhala. Choputa, tchire lomwe limamera mwachindunji ndi lokwanira 1-1.25 x 1.25 m; kutumphuka, kutupa, mtunda osachepera 1.5 m. Mitundu yambiri yamakono ndiyodzala kwambiri.

Kuti mubzale currant, muyenera kukumba dzenje 40 cm kuya ndi 50-60 masentimita pasadakhale, kwa masabata 2-3 (kotero kuti nthaka yomwe timadzaza nayo imakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira). Sakanizani dziko lapansi bwino ndi feteleza wachilengedwe komanso michere: 8-10 makilogalamu a kompositi (humus, peat), 150-200 g wa superphosphate, 30-40 g wa potaziyamu sulfate kapena phulusa lamatabwa. Mtengowo ungabzalidwe mwachindunji kapena mosabisa - kuti upangidwe bwino mizu yowonjezerapo.

Mutabzala, thirirani madzi ambiri ndi mulch ndi humus kapena peat. Ndiye kuti nthambi zimafunikira kudulira mwamphamvu, ndikusiya masentimita 10-15 ndi masamba atatu.

Ma currants ndi othandiza pakuvala kwapamwamba: organic, nitrogen, potaziyamu, phosphorous. Koma salekerera chlorine, ndipo feteleza ovuta amafunika kusankhidwa poganizira izi.

Kuchulukitsa, koma osati kawirikawiri kuthilira ndikofunikira pakukula kwa mphukira, maluwa, zipatso komanso nthawi yophukira, mutatola zipatso.

Tchire la currant ndilabwino kwambiri nthawi yozizira. Pansi pa chipale chofewa, saopa chisanu mpaka -45 ° C. Zisanu za masika zomwe zimawononga maluwa ndi thumba losunga mazira ndizowopsa kwambiri. Zikatero, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba tchire ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu.

Kudula ndi kupanga chitsamba

Ma currants ofiira ndi oyera amafuna kwambiri kuyatsa, osabala bwino zipatso atakhuthala. Kudulira kofiyira kofiyira ndi koyera kumakhala ndi kusiyana pakati pa kudulira wakuda ma currants, kutengera kusiyana kwa chilengedwe cha kukula kwawo ndi zipatso. Mphukira za zipatso zofiira ndi zoyera zimapangidwa m'munsi mwa mphukira zapachaka, komanso pang'onopang'ono - nthambi zazing'ono (2-3 cm). Chifukwa chake, nthambi zawo zakale ndizipatso, i.e. chitsamba cha wofiyira wofera sifunikira kudulira pafupipafupi odana ndi kukalamba monga currant yakuda.

Kudulira kwa currant kumachitika nthawi ya matalala kumapeto kwa yophukira kapena koyambirira kwamasika.. Ma bushes ochokera ku nthambi 16-16 zamibadwo yosiyana. 3-4 mphukira za ziro zopangidwa bwino zimasiyidwa pachaka. Nthambi zofooka zofooka zomwe zafika zaka 7-8 zadulidwa. Zakukula pachaka sizifupikitsa, maluwa ali pamutu pawo.

Yambani ndikuchotsa nthambi zomwe zimakula kwambiri kapena zochepa kwambiri kapena zimasokoneza ena, kusokoneza kukula kwawo. Nthawi yomweyo, yesetsani kuti musawononge magolovesi (aafupi (2-3 cm) omwe ali ndi masamba: kasupe, maluwa mabulosi amatuluka kuchokera kwa iwo. Fupikirani pafupifupi theka la achinyamata akuwombera panthambi zazikulu. Chepetsa masamba akutuluka kuthengo. Magawo okhala ndi mainchesi opitilira 8 mm ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi var.

Zosiyanasiyana zamitundu yofiira ndi yoyera

Kutsekemera koyambirira. Tchire ndi lalikulu, kufalikira pakati. Zipatso zolemera 0,7 mpaka 0,8 magalamu, ofiira obiriwira, okoma bwino, opsa mu konsati, osapunthwa kwa nthawi yayitali mukakhwima. Zochulukitsa zimakhala mpaka ma kilogalamu 6 pa chitsamba chilichonse. Zosiyanasiyana ndizolimba nthawi yozizira, zomwe zimakhudzidwa pang'ono ndi powdery mildew, osakhazikika ku anthracnose.

Ykhir van Tete. Tchire ndi lamphamvu, limakula molunjika, ndi wandiweyani. Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu. Kupanga - mpaka ma kilogalamu 4 pa chitsamba chilichonse. Zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi powdery hlobo, zomwe zimakhudzidwa pang'ono ndi anthracnose.

Chulkovskaya. Tchire ndi lalitali, lalifupi. Zipatso mdzikomo, zolemera pafupifupi magalamu 0,8, kuzungulira, nthawi zina zooneka ngati peyala, zofiira, zokhala ndi khungu lowoneka bwino, owutsa mudyo, okoma, wowawasa, kukoma kwabwino kwambiri kophatikiza ndi shuga komanso acid. Kukoma uku kumamveka kale zipatso zosapsa. Zabwino kwambiri pakumwa zatsopano, koma zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zakudya, zakudya, kupanikizana. Zochulukitsa - zoposa ma kilogalamu 6 pa chitsamba chilichonse. Kucha kwapakatikati.

Zoyera zoyera. Tchire ndi lalitali, lalitali pakati. Zipatsozo ndizazikulu, zolemera pafupifupi magalamu 1.1, kuzungulira, chikasu, zowonekera. Kukoma kwa currant kumakhala kotsekemera komanso kotsuka, kokhala ndi asidi komanso shuga. Zipatso zabwino kwambiri mwatsopano mawonekedwe ndi kukonza. Kupanga kukwera kwambiri - mpaka 10 kilogalamu. Zosiyanasiyana ndizazizira-zolimba, zosagwirizana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.

Wapinki wachi Dutch. Tchire ndi lalitali, lalitali, lozungulira. Zipatsozo ndizapakatikati kapena zazikulu, zolemera 0,8 mpaka 1.0 magalamu, pinki yokongola, kukoma kokoma ndi wowawasa, sizimayipa mukakhwima. Kupanga - mpaka ma kilogalamu 5 pa chitsamba chilichonse. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew ndi anthracnose.

Mochedwa kucha

Varshevich. Tchire ndi lamphamvu, lamphamvu, lalitali, lolimba, likufalikira pang'ono. Zipatsozo ndizapakatikati, zazikulu kapena zoponderezedwa pamitanda, utoto wofiirira, mkoma wokoma ndi wowawasa wokhala ndi asidi kuposa kukoma. Gwiritsani ntchito makamaka pokonza. Kupanga kukwera kwambiri - mpaka 6.3 kilogalamu. Powdery mildew ndi anthracnose zimawonekera pokhapokha pazaka zabwino pakufalikira kwa matenda a fungal.

Wachi Dutch. Tchire ndi lamphamvu, mwamtali, lalitali, limamera. Zipatso za currant m'munda wokulirapo, wozungulira, wofiyira, wowoneka bwino khungu, wowutsa mudyo, wokoma komanso wowawasa wowawa, osatayika akakhwima, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso pokonzekera. Zochulukitsa ndizokwera - mpaka ma kilogalamu 7 pachitsamba chilichonse, koma ndi chisamaliro chabwino, mutha kusonkhanitsa mpaka ma kilogalamu 15. Zoyamba mbewuzo zimapangidwa mchaka chachitatu mutabzala, ndipo munthawi ya zipatso zambiri zimayamba zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi-zisanu ndi zitatu. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew ndi anthracnose.

Kulonjeza mitundu yofiira ndi yoyera currants

Mitundu yokhala ndi zipatso zoyera zimaphukira mu Julayi.

Mid Julayi:

White Fairy (Daimondi). Tamba lambiri, lokhathamira pang'ono limatulutsa zipatso 5 mpaka zipatso. Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuthana ndi matenda, zomwe zimakhudzidwa pang'ono ndi tizirombo. Zipatso za sing'anga kukula, zowonekera, chokoma kwambiri.

Zoyera zoyera. Tchire limakhala lalikulu kakulidwe, mtengo wapakatikati mpaka 3 makilogalamu, kusiyanasiyana sikumakhala kozizira kwambiri ndipo sikogwirizana ndi anthracnose. Zipatsozo ndizapakatikati kukula, zowoneka bwino, zachikaso, ndizokoma.

Yuterbogskaya. Tchire lakuthwa la Srednerosly limatha kubala zipatso zosachepera 7-8 kg. Zosiyanasiyana zolimba pakati pa nthawi yozizira ndi kukana kwapakatikati kwa matenda a fungus. Zipatsozo ndizazikulu, zonona zopepuka, zowoneka bwino, komanso zosangalatsa.

Mapeto a Julayi:

Smolyaninovskaya. Tchire lalitali, lomwe limamera, nthawi zambiri limapatsa 4 mpaka 9 makilogalamu. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi zovuta kukana matenda a fungus. Burashi ndiwotalikirapo, zipatso zake ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zoyera, zowonekera bwino, ndipo ndizosangalatsa. Kutalika kosungidwa pamtchire, osataya kukoma kwawo.

Kuswana

Njira imodzi yosavuta kwambiri komanso yosavuta kufikira kwa nyakulimira aliyense pofalitsa ma currants ndiyo kufalitsa mabulidwe. Ubwino wosatsutsika wa njirayi ndikuti umakulolani kuti mubzale m'munda mitundu yatsopano yomwe mukufuna popanda vuto.

Zidutswa zodzala mchilimwe zimakololedwa mu Okutobala-Novembala isanayambike kuzizira kwambiri.

Amatengedwa kuchokera kumphukira pachaka popanda chizindikiro cha matenda.

Mukasankha mphukira wathanzi labwino, wodulidwa wamtali wa 25 cm amadulidwamo. Masamba amang'ambidwa mosamala kuduladula ndikuviika mbali zonse ziwiri m'munda wamaluwa wosungunuka kapena parafini kuti asataye chinyontho nthawi yosungirako.

Asanabzike, zodula zimasungidwa m'manda mu chisanu kapena mufiriji pakashelefu pansi pa freezer.

Mu kasupe, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa pamabedi okonzedwa komanso okhathamiritsa, pakati pomwe amakumba mzere 15c kuya. Asanabzale, malekezero am'munsi mwa odulidwa ndi mitundu ya m'munda amadulidwa ndi mpeni.

Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa pamtunda wa 20 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Nthawi yomweyo, masamba awiri okha a 1-2 omwe adulidwa amatsalira pamtunda, ndipo masamba 4 mobisa.

Zodulidwa zimakonkhedwa ndi nthaka mosamala kuti zisawononge impso pamwambapa komanso pansi padziko lapansi. Nthaka yozungulira zodulidwazo imapangidwa.

Ndiye mabedi amathiriridwa mokwanira ndikuwazika pang'ono ndi peat kapena humus, omwe amathandiza kusunga chinyontho. Kapeti yakale imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukopa chinyontho.

Zidula zikazika mizu, mbewu zazing'ono zimatha kuziika kumalo okhazikika.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Ma curators ali ndi adani ambiri. Amatibera mbewuyo ndipo nthawi zambiri amafalitsa matenda opatsirana.

Mwachitsanzo, nkhupakupa impso imanyamula matenda oyamba ndi mavairasi - terry. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kutsatira malingaliro onse:

Gulani mbande zokha kuchokera kwa opanga odalirika.
Pofalitsa, tengani magawo ndi zodula zathanzi labwino.
Sankhani mitundu yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
Onaninso tchire pafupipafupi. Pachizindikiro choyamba cha tizirombo kapena matenda, chitanipo kanthu mwachangu.
Njira yayikulu yothanirana ndi terry wa currant ndikuwononga chitsamba.

Chitsamba chodwala kwambiri chimayenera kudulidwa. Ndipo chaka chotsatira, pomwe mphukira zazing'ono zimakula, kangapo gwiritsani ntchito chomera ndi acaricides, mwachitsanzo neoron.

Ngati redcurrant yawonongeka ndi nsabwe za masamba a ndulu, matuza ofiira kumtunda kwa tsamba. Ndi zowonongeka zazikulu, masamba amawuma ndikugwa, ndipo zokolola zimachepa.

Mtundu wamatchire achikasu amadya masamba. Njira zowongolera - kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (makamaka kuchokera pansi pepala).

Glasshouse yokhazikika imayikira mazira ming'alu ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina kumunsi kwa mphukira. Mbozi zomwe zimawonekera patatha milungu iwiri zimalowa munthambi komanso zodulira pakati. Njira yokhayo yolimbana ndikuchotsera nthambi zowonongeka.

Ngati redcurrant yawonongeka ndi powdery mildew, septoria ndi anthracnosis, kupopera mankhwalawa kungathandize, koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala kothandiza pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawo.

Ochuluka a fungal matenda yozizira pa masamba wakugwa. Chifukwa chake, m'dzinja kuchokera ku tchire ndikofunikira kuchotsa zinyalala zam'mera, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa masika, pomwe masamba sanatsegulidwe, ufeze mbewuzo ndi yankho la feteleza wa mchere (500 g nitroammophos kapena urea pa 10 l madzi).