Utoto wamitundu ya puya inflorescence umatulutsa mayanjano ndi nthenga za pikoko: kusewera kwa zobiriwira zopepuka komanso zonyezimira za buluu kumawoneka kokongola kwambiri. Chomera ichi ndi chosowa m'dera lathu. Puiya ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu, mawonekedwe apadera, koma osafunikira mwatsatanetsatane pazofunikira kuti akhale mndende - chipinda chenicheni "wildcat". Palibe njira yopezera mbewu yabwino kwambiri mu banja la Bromeliad. Kwa olima dimba odziwa kukula ngati chozizwitsa ndichabwino komanso mphotho yake. Ngakhale kulima pui ndi mphamvu kwa oyamba kumene. Kupatula apo, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pankhaniyi ndikusunganso chipiriro kwa zaka zambiri poyembekeza kuti maluwa ake atuluka.
Ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri, ma puya amaphulika osachepera zaka khumi.
Puya - chimphona cha bromeliad wokhala ndi maluwa apadera
Puya ndi imodzi mwazomera zoyambirira padziko lapansi. Maonekedwe achilendo akudziwikiratu adamupangitsa kuti akhale mbewu yabwino kwambiri yosonkhanitsa ndi kupezeka zenizeni. Chiyambireni chomera ichi, kapena kufotokozeredwa kwake mu 1782, puja sinasinthe momwe lingaliridwire. Koma ngati zaka zana zapitazo, mutha kuwerenga za iwo mu maensaikulopediya ndikungowona m'minda ya botanical, lero puya yawonjezera assortmentment ya mbewu zomwe zikupezeka kuti zikulimidwa mwanjira yamkati. Wofunika kwambiri, wosasankha komanso wosowa kwambiri, pugia imatha kukhala nyenyezi yamitundu iliyonse yazomera.
Oimira genus Puya ndi amodzi mwa manambala a mankhwala ochokera ku Chile ochokera ku banja la Bromeliaceae, ngakhale mitundu yazomera payekha imapezeka kutalika konse kwa Andes komanso ngakhale ku Costa Rica. Ichi ndi chomera chosowa kwambiri kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa, zomwe zatsala pang'ono kuzimiririka m'chilengedwe ndipo zimati zinthu zakale zokukhala ndi moyo.
Pui yotchuka kwambiri, yomwe idakopa chidwi cha mbewuzi, mosiyana ndi mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pachikhalidwe, imapezeka kumapiri okha a Bolivia, Chile ndi Peru. Kusintha kwanyengo kwasokoneza chikhalidwe chachikulu, chomwe chimangokhala kumapiri zikwi zisanu.
Ngakhale dzina la mbewuyi lidabwera kwa ife kuchokera kudziko lakwawo, limatanthauzira mawu kapena cholembera. Pouilly ndizofala kwambiri m'malo osungira zachilengedwe ku mapiri aku Chile, makamaka, matauni ena am'derali amatchedwa dzina la mbewu (mwachitsanzo, Puyuuapi).
Malinga ndi mtundu wina, zinali polemekeza malo pomwe chomerachi chimatha kutamandidwa makamaka momwe a Puyas adalandila dzina la botanical. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera, zomwe zimadziwika pansi pa dzina limodzi kumudzi, m'mabuku asayansi, komanso m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku padziko lapansi. Pooey ali ndi mayina ambiri apamwamba - kuchokera pa mpira wamiyendo kupita kunyumba ya hummingbird ndi Mfumukazi ya Andes. Koma dzina la mbewu za mbewuyi silingasokonezedwe ndi chilichonse.
Puya Raymond - chomera chachikulu kwambiri cha bromeliad
Pouilly, choyambirira, chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi nthano yeniyeni - chimphona Raymond puey (Puya raimondii), mbewu yomwe nthano zambiri ndi nthano zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa. Ichi ndiye bromeliad wamkulu kwambiri, wokhoza kupanga inflorescence mpaka 10 m kukwera.
Maonekedwe a plic iyi yodabwitsanso ndi wodabwitsa kwambiri kotero kuti nkovuta kuzifanizira ndi chomera chilichonse cha bromeliad. Mitengo yofupikirako sikhala yosaoneka, yobisala pansi pa mtengo wamaluwa wamtali, wamtambo wamtambo womwe umawoneka wosasunthika ndikupanga mipira pafupifupi yangwiro yokhala ndi ma spikes. Amapeza pobisalira nyama komanso mbalame zambirimbiri zomwe zimateteza nyumba zawo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe za pugia.
Pokhapokha, patatha zaka 80-100 za chitukuko, ma spikelets akuluakulu, omwe amakhala ndi maluwa masauzande ambiri, amawuka pa mpira. Maluwa atamera, mbewuyo imafa ndikusinthidwa ndi mbewu za mwana wamkazi, zomwe zimakulitsanso socket ya mpira, yomwe imamasula yekha kukhwima. Matumba a ma pug amawoneka osangalatsa komanso oopsa.
Puya raimondii.
Zikhala ndi chipinda chamkati
Indoor pouis - mbewu ndizochulukirapo kukula kwake, kukonda kwake, ndi mawonekedwe. Koma amakhalabe m'modzi mwa oyimilira komanso akulu kwambiri a banja la Bromeliad.
Pazikhalidwe zamkati, mitundu yamkati ya herbaceous yosatha yamkati imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Awa ndi ma super hardy ndi ma bromeliad akuluakulu poyerekeza ndi omwe akupikisana nawo. Amapanga mtundu wamasamba monga masamba ndi inflorescence yomwe imamera pamwamba pake. Ma Rhizomes ndi amphamvu, okhala ndi nthambi zambiri, iwo amakula mopingasa.
Mosiyana ndi nthano yakumaso pooey, mkati mwake simapanga malo ozungulira. Masamba a chomera ndi yopapatiza, lanceolate, okwera singano kumapeto, nthawi zambiri amapindidwa. Mu malo ogulitsira amakhala asymmetrically, omwazikana modabwitsa "mtengo". M'mphepete mwa masamba pali minga ndi mitsempha yosiyanasiyana. Kunja, poois achichepere amasokonezeka mosavuta ndi zinanazi. Zowona, mawonekedwe osasunthika, mtundu wobiriwira wowala, malo owoneka bwino ndikuwonekerako amawasiyanitsa ndi wachibale wazipatso.
Kufalikira pui ndikofunika kuyembekezera, ngakhale mbewu zimaphuka zokha pazaka zolemekezeka. Koma ngakhale ku puya waku Chile, zimachitika pambuyo pa 8-10, osati zaka 100. Nthawi zambiri zimayamba pakati pa nthawi yophukira ndipo zimatha kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Novembala, koma nthawi yomwe maluwa amatha kusuntha, kutengera nyengo yomwe akumangidwa.
M'maburashi, panicles kapena spikelets, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kupanga zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthambalala, maluwa okongola a maluwa owala a buluu, ngakhale maluwa achikasu kapena ofiira amapezeka pakati pa mitundu ina. Kuphatikiza kwa zobiriwira zowala ndi azure, thambo lamtambo ndi utoto wochokera kutali kumakumbutsa masewera a nthenga za pikoko ndi munda waiwalayi. Nthambi zokhazokha za inflorescence zovekedwa bwino ndi maluwa osabala ndi msana wakuthwa, womwe umawoneka ngati kandere kapena chofunkha, ndipo amathandizira chithunzi "champhamvu" chomera.
Mabulogu amatayika kwambiri komanso owonda. Maluwa a puya ndi achilendo, amakumbukira tulips kapena gladioli, mwanjira ya mitundu itatu yokha. Duwa limakhala ndi miyala itatu yautatu, yaulere, yokhala ndi malekezero osakanika, ndipo mitu itatu yamitundu itatu yayikulu kukula. Masitepe asanu ndi limodzi okhala ndi ma anther owala amawonekera bwino pakhosi.
Kuchuluka kwa timadzi tokoma ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe poois amakopa tizilombo tambiri, komanso zachilengedwe - mbalame zokhala ndi nyama. Pambuyo maluwa, perianth chidwi mizere. M'malo mwa maluwa, mabokosi ofanana ndi zipatso okhala ndi mapiko amapangidwa, omwe amawonekeranso chidwi kwambiri pa peduncle.
Puya zodabwitsa (Puya mirabilis).
Mitundu ya pui yoyenera kukula muzipinda
Mwa mitundu 100 yachilengedwe ya njovu, ndi mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yokha yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe. Onsewo ndi osambira okhazikika, apakatikati kukula, kutalika kwake mita imodzi ndi theka. Kutalika kwapakati pa nyumba zamkati kuchokera 30 mpaka 90 cm, mmera pang'onopang'ono umakulitsa kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa masamba omwe akutuluka.
Puiya ndi wodabwitsa (Puya mirabilis) - Mawonekedwe okongola, kuyambira poyambira masentimita 30 ndipo pang'onopang'ono amakula msinkhu. Chofiyira, chopindika, koma chosakhala chosasangalatsa, chimakhala chopepuka, chokongoletsedwa ndi chikasu chikasu, masamba atali. Zovundikira mpaka 1 mita kutalika ndi pamwamba zimakutidwa ndi masamba owongoka ndipo ndovekedwa ndi bulashi yothothoka ya inflorescence yokhala ndi mphonje pamwamba ndikuwonetsa mabulogu, kutsindika kukongola kwakukulu, mpaka 10 masentimita, maluwa okhala ndi miyala yaying'ono ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, wokumbukira pang'ono kakombo.
Puya Berteron (Puya berteroniana) - Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri m'dziko lathu, womwe umabzalidwanso ngati msipu wobiriwira kapena mtengo wophika ndi mphira kuti udulidwe. Ichi ndichopatsa chidwi kwambiri chokhala ndi masamba osachepera, pafupifupi mita yayitali ndipo yodontha m'maso ndi makutu odabwitsa a inflorescence okhala ndi maluwa amtundu wa buluu womwe umafanana ndi chithovu cham'madzi kapena mawonekedwe amtundu wamtambo, omwe amapanga makandulo apamwamba.
Puya alpine (Puya alpestris) - ofanana ndi mawonekedwe am'mbuyomu ndi maluwa obiriwira obiriwira, pamatamba omwe mzere wa emerald umawonekera. Masamba ndi aatali, owuma, okhala ndi malovu, owala bwino. Ma peduncle achindunji amavala korona wamtengo wapatali wa piramidi wokhala ndi ma membala wamkaka wamkati ndi maluwa okongola modabwitsa osakwana masentimita asanu omwe ali ndi ziphuphu zitatu zosavomerezeka.
Pouille Chilean (Puya chilensis) - imodzi mwa nyumba zazikulu kwambiri zamkati, zomwe zimafikira kutalika kwa mita 1 pachimake cha maluwa. Zachikulu, zamtali zazitali mwachilengedwe, ndipo m'zipinda zazing'onoting'ono, zazifupi-mzere wotalika masentimita 1 zimakulungidwa m'mbali, zolimba kwambiri, zokongoletsedwa ndimaso amtundu wakuda. Ma pouis rosettes samakhala osavuta, nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati candelabra m'mapanga a multilevel. Mphepete yotsika imatsindika kukongola kwa peduncle wolimba komanso kukula kwa ma spikelets okongola kwambiri a inflorescence omwe ali ndi maluwa mpaka 5 cm. Mtundu wachikasu wowala umasiyanitsa pui uyu ndi mitundu ina.
Pouya ndiwokongola (Puya venusta) - mbewu yokhala ndi yopapatiza, yokhala ndi masamba okhuthala, yoyambira masamba 30 cm, ndikupanga rosette yoyambirira. Zomera izi zimatulutsa maluwa, kutulutsa makutu owoneka bwino komanso akuluakulu okhala ndi maluwa ambiri omwe amawoneka kuti ndi okulirapo chifukwa cha mbewu. Mtundu wa inflorescence mpaka 40 cm umakhala ndi maluwa amtambo wa buluu mpaka 3.5 cm.
Puglia (Puya spathacea) - wopanda bromeliad wokhala ndi rosette yochititsa chidwi yozizwitsa, yokulirapo mpaka 40 cm, masamba owoneka bwino (m'lifupi mwake masamba osapitilira 2 cm). Mphepete yolimbidwa bwino imakulitsa chisangalalo, ngakhale mawonekedwe opindika, masamba omwazikana ali tchirewo ndiwachilendo kwambiri. Ma inflorescence panicles amadzaza maluwa owala a buluu komanso awiri a masentimita 7.
Puya berteroniana.
Zofunikira pakukula mbuto zamkati
Mkhalidwe wokhala ngati nthano yapadera pakati pa mankhwala ochokera kunja sawalepheretsa puye kukhalabe chomera chosavuta kusamalira. Kuti mukwaniritse maluwa kuchokera pamenepo, muyenera kungodikirira - kuchokera zaka 10, mpaka zaka 20 mulibe malo abwino. Kulima pui kukhoza kuchitidwa ngakhale ndi oyambitsa m'maluwa. Amasowa nthawi yozizira komanso yowunikira yowala, koma palibe zovuta zina pakusankhidwa kwa zinthu zomwe zingachitike.
Mfumukazi yodziwika bwino ya Andes puya ndiyomwe ili nawo pakati pazomera zomwe zitha kukhala zazikulu posonkhanitsa zoyambira zapoyamba. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga minda yazisanu komanso nyengo yowonetsera maluwa kapena malo obiriwira, nyumba zikuluzikulu zam'nyumba kapena zamaluwa, mu chikhalidwe champhika wamba.
M'minda yozizira, pugia, kuwonjezera pa mbewu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zofunikira pazikhalidwe, makamaka, mbewu monga chimanga ndi cacti, zomwe zili zofanana ndi chilengedwe chake, zimawululira bwino kukongola kwake kwapadera. Koma mkati, makamaka zikafika masitayilo amakono kapena kufunafuna njira zachilendo, imatha kukhala nyenyezi yeniyeni.
Kuyatsa ndikuyika ma pugs mkati
Chiyembekezo cha m'mera mwa mbewuzi chimafunanso kuyatsa kowoneka bwino mzipinda. Sawopa kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma nthawi yotentha masamba amatha kuwoneka malo owala kwambiri, akuyamba kuwuma pamalangizo. Kuwala komwe kumabalalika kwa zosowa chonchi kumatha kuonedwa ngati koyenera.
Pouilly amaikidwa pawindo, kapena pafupi ndi zenera. Makonda oyang'ana kum'mwera kapena kumwera kumwera ndi abwino kwa iwo. Kuunikira kwanyengo yachikhalidwe ichi nthawi zambiri sikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha masamba ataliatali, Puyi amafuna malo ambiri. Ngati sanabzalidwe mu zovuta zina ndi mbewu zina, ndiye kuti kuyandikirana ndi zikhalidwe m'gululo sikugwira ntchito.
Puya alpine (Puya alpestris).
Kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino
Tikakulitsa onse m'munda wachisanu komanso m'chipindacho, ndikofunikira kuti pugia itsanzire kusiyana kwa kutentha kwachilengedwe pakati pa magawo akukhazikika kwachangu ndi kupuma. Zomera ziyenera kuzizira mozizira, ndipo izi ndizovuta kwambiri posankha nyengo ya mbewu. Kutentha kochepa kwa mpweya ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 5. Pamwamba pa madigiri 12, matenthedwe sayenera kukwera nthawi yozizira.
Kuyambira kasupe mpaka chilimwe, ma puys amatha kusintha chilichonse. Amamva bwino m'zipinda zozizira, kutentha pang'ono mpaka 18-18 madigiri, ndipo m'chipinda wamba kutentha kuchokera madigiri 22 mpaka 25, ndi kutentha, osataya kukongoletsa kwawo, ngakhale kutentha kwa mpweya kupitirira madigiri 30.
Puya amakonda mpweya watsopano. Ngakhale nthawi yozizira mbewuyo muyenera kuchita nthawi, koma yowukitsa mpweya. Kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, ngati kutentha sikumatsika ndi madigiri 15 usiku, chomera chimatha kuyikidwa pabalaza, veranda, malo otetezedwa kapena kupita nawo kumunda.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Hardy mwachilengedwe, osasunthika, osasinthika puya mchikhalidwe chachipinda sichisintha kwenikweni. Imalekerera chilala bwino, koma imakonda kwambiri kuzimiririka. Kavalidwe kabwinobwino, kusindikiza kolondola ndi kuyeretsa kwakanthawi - ndizomera zonse zomwe zimafunikira.
Onse poois, kupatula, amalungamitsa mokwanira mbiri ya chomera chowopsa. Ndipo ngakhale sitikulankhula za nkhwangwa zamtchire, pogwiritsira ntchito mbewuyi kunyumba, ndikofunika kukumbukira kusamala. Ma spikes ooneka ngati ma Hook, otembenuka mbali zosiyanasiyana za pepalali mbali zosiyanasiyana, amasintha chisamaliro chabwinobwino komanso kupatsirana. Mutha kugwira ntchito ndi pooi kokha ndi magolovesi olimba komanso molondola momwe mungathere. Chomera ichi ncholetsedwa kukula iwo omwe ali ndi ana aang'ono kapena ziweto.
Chile Puya (Puya chilensis).© Guy Fogwill
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Puyya saopa kuzizira, ndipo ichi ndiye chinthu chake chachikulu - kulolera pafupifupi kuchoka kulikonse. Chomera chimapirira zonse komanso kuthilira kwanthawi yayitali. Koma mbali inayi, poois sangathe kuyimitsa madzi akumpanda. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, mbewuyi imadzaliriridwa mochuluka kwambiri. Mukathirira chomera, ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikiza - kuphatikiza kuthirira kwachizolowezi ndi njira zamtundu wa bromeliad zodzaza malo ndi madzi, kusungitsa chinyezi chokhazikika.
Nthawi zambiri puga imadzalidwa ndikudzaza dothi ndi madzi, kenako ndikudikirira kuti gawo lapansi liume kwathunthu, koma ndikwabwino kuthirira nthawi zonse “pakati” pokha pomauma. Kusamala muthirira kwa mbewuyi kuyenera kuwonetsedwa kokha nthawi yachisanu ikamazizira. Kuthirira panthawiyi sikawirikawiri, pang'onopang'ono, kumangoyenda pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndikusungabe kuthandizika kwa mizu.
Kwa pooi, amasankha madzi otetezedwa, ofewa. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pamtunda womwewo wothirira womwe mpweya m'chipindacho uli nawo.
The puya amakumana bwino pakuwonjezera chinyezi, koma imaphatikizanso ndi nyengo youma. Panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi othandizira, ndizosavuta kukhazikitsa mbewu pallet ndi dothi kapena miyala yofutukuka. Koma mutha kumathandizanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kukhazikitsa ma moisturizer apadera kapena kuchita popanda kuchita pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza posamalira pokhapokha mbewu ikangowonetsa zizindikiro za kukhumudwa komanso kuyanika kumapeto kwa masamba.
Feteleza ndi kuphatikizira feteleza
Ziphuphu za mbewu zimangokhazikitsidwa pokhapokha nthawi yomwe zikukula kwambiri - kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala. Kwa a pooey, osati pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa kudyetsa, koma kutalika kwa masabata 3-4 pakati pa njirazi ndi koyenera. Mavalidwe apamwamba achikhalidwe amatha kusinthidwa ndi foliar.
Chomera chimatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa chilengedwe chonse ndi kukonzekera kwachilengedwe. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wama macro- ndi ma microelements ndiwofanana ndi feteleza wapadera wa ma bromeliads orchid.
Puya Wosangalatsa (Puya venusta).
Mukukula ndi kupanga
Potsuka dziwe lanyumba ndi kukonzakonza njira kumachepetsa masamba owonongeka ndi owuma, omwe amapezeka mwamphamvu pokonza masamba akuluakulu.
Thirani ndi gawo lapansi
Puyu amazika pokhapokha ngati mbewuyo ilibe pena pake. Zomera zazing'ono zimakula mwachangu, mizu yamphamvu imafunikira kubwezeretsa pazaka. Koma pui wachikulire amadutsa mumiphika yatsopano pokhapokha mizu ilibe malo oti ikulire.
Kusankhidwa kwa gawo la puya sikutanthauza zanzeru zilizonse. Chomera chimakonda dothi lopepuka, losalimba, losalala lokhala ndi mchenga wambiri. Mutha kugula dothi lapadera lothandizidwa ndi ma bromeliad akuluakulu kapena kusakaniza dothi lapadziko lonse ndi mchenga wofanana. Musanagule, ndikofunikira kukonza gawo lapansi powonjezera tchipisi tamatumba kapena dongo laling'ono.
Chomera ichi, ndikofunikira kusankha lathyathyathya, osaya komanso bwino muli. Rosette wolimba wa pui atakula amakhala wosakhazikika, chifukwa chake, ziwiya zadongo zolemera ndizofunikira.
Poika mbewu, mbewuyo iyenera kugwiridwa ntchito mosamala, kuteteza manja kuti asavulazidwe pa spikes zolimba. Puyu wogwiridwa bwino. Pansi pa zotengera ziyenera kuyala ngalande yayitali.
Punea pterygoid (Puya spathacea).
Matenda, tizirombo ndi mavuto akukula
Puyi ndizomera zosagwira. Chokhacho chomwe chiziwawopseza mchikhalidwe chamkati ndi chanyengo chikuwola chifukwa chonyamula madzi. Zoyenderera zimafalikira msanga ndikathirira kwambiri osayanika dothi pakati pa njirazi.
Kufalikira kwa chipinda chodyera
Njira yachulukitsire puya muzipinda, chikhalidwe chomwe sichikhala chopanga mwana wamkazi kufikira imfa ya mayi chitsamba, chikukula kuchokera pa nthanga. Zachidziwikire, ngati maluwa atatuluka, mayi amatulutsa mwana wopitilira, ndiye kuti aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito chomera china.
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika ndi nthaka yopukutira, yopangidwa ndi gawo lapansi kapena mbali zofanana za dothi ndi mchenga. Mbewu zimabalalika pamtunda, zimapukusidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikusungidwa pansi pagalasi kapena filimu pamtunda wotsika wa 21 digiri Celsius, mwina kupanga kusiyana kwa madigiri 5-6 pakati pausiku ndi kutentha kwa usana masana. Chinyezi chokhazikika komanso miyezi ingapo yodikira imakupatsani mbande zosalimba. Kubwera mumsewu kumachitika pokhapokha kupangidwe kocheperako.
