Kupangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale yotentha, sikufunika malo okha komanso zokongoletsera zina zofunika, komanso makonzedwe a njira. Msika womangapo umakhala ndi njira zambiri zokutira, zomwe zikuluzikulu zomwe zimapangidwa ndizoyala zimayamba.
Mitundu ya ma slabs opaka
Tekinoloji yamakono imakupatsani mwayi woti musankhe ma slabs opangira mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, kukula kwake ndi mitundu. Ubwino wake wayamikiridwa kale ndi ogula ambiri:
- kukopa;
- ntchito yayitali;
- apamwamba kwambiri;
- kukana kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi mphamvu zakunja.
Mafayilo opangira mawonekedwe amapangidwa m'njira ziwiri:
- kugwedeza mwamphamvu - zomwe zimapangidwazo ndizoyenera kupangidwa kwa madera ang'onoang'ono ndi njira zaminda, pomwe sipadzakhalanso kuyambiranso kwa kayendedwe ka anthu;
- vibrocompression - matayala omwe adatsatirawa ndi oyenera kuyimitsa galimoto kapena kuyika msewu, ndiko kuti, m'malo omwe ali ndi katundu wolemera.
Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kupanga ma slab okhala ndi nyumba yanyengo ndi manja anu. Apa ndikofunikira kusankha pazosankha zingapo zomwe zimadalira pakupanga kwanyumba yaying'ono:
- kuchokera pamatabwa kapena matabwa;
- kuchokera ku konkire;
- kuthira ndi konkriti;
- mwala wa konkriti;
- mwala wachilengedwe;
- mapulasitiki ndi mphira.
Zopangira kupaka matayipi kuchokera?
Ma tiles okonzeka okonzedwa ndi njira zamunda sizotsika mtengo. Chifukwa chake, ngati pali malire pazachuma, ndiye kuti mutha kudzipanga nokha. Kupanga pawokha kwa ma slabs wopangira kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yapadera komanso yolimba. Ndipo pantchito, mbuye adzalandira zabwino zambiri komanso zosangalatsa. Njira yosavuta iyi, koma yayitali idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe alibe luso pa zomangamanga.
Popanga muyenera:
- kalasi simenti yosatsika ndi M400, mchenga wopanda madzi ndi madzi;
- matumba opangira matabwa ndi maziko opangira nkhungu kapena mapangidwe apulasitiki omaliza;
- kulimbitsa ma mesh kapena zitsulo zamagetsi;
- mafuta aliwonse ofunikira nkhungu;
- chosakanizira kakang'ono konkriti;
- kwa matailosi achikuda - utoto wa utoto;
- Kupanga chithunzi - mphasa wa mphira ndi mawonekedwe.
Kukonzekera yankho, muyenera kukonzekera simenti (M400), mchenga ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 3: 0.5. Ngati simenti ya mtundu wa M500 imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matiles, ndiye kuti iyenera kutengedwa mu chiwerengero cha 1: 4: 0.5.
Choyamba, mchenga umamizidwa mu chosakanizira cha simenti, ndiye, osaletsa kuzungulira - simenti, madzi amawonjezedwa pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yotsogola ndi mphindi 10.
Kutulutsa kuyenera kukhala njira yochepetsetsa kwambiri, koma yopatsa chidwi komanso yocheperako. Thirani chifukwa chosakanikirana ndi chigolirocho, muusefa mosamala. Ngati akukonzekera kupanga matayilo achikuda, pigment iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi osakanikirana mphindi imodzi simenti isanaperekedwe.
Zodzipaka zokha
Chikombole chopangira matiles kuchokera kumabowo am'matabwa ndi malo oyambira amatha kupangidwira mosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe aliwonse. Chinthu chachikulu choti muganizire ndi lamulo limodzi: kukula kwake sikuyenera kupitirira 30x50 cm, apo ayi pamakhala mwayi wosweka. Mikanda pakati pa wina ndi mnzake imakhala yolumikizidwa bwino ndi zomangira. Izi zikuthandizira kumasula matayilidwe, chifukwa chikhala chokwanira kungotulutsira zomata ndi kufalitsa mawonekedwe.
Zokuumba zakonzedwa kapena zakonzedwa bwino zapulasitiki, komanso mphasa wa mphira, ziyenera kupaka mafuta ndi mafuta ochepa. Ikani mphasa - cholembera pamunsi pa nkhungu ndikuthira osakaniza osamalirirawo mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 3. Kenako muyenera kuyikanso ndikumatsanulira matope ena a simenti (3 cm). Zotsatirazi ziyenera kukonzedwa patebulo loyenda. Njirayi imalimbikitsa mankhwalawo ndikuwonjezera ntchito zake. Pamapeto pa kusunthira kwanyanjayo, mafawo ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi polyethylene ndikusiya kwa masiku awiri.
Kusakaniza konkriti kukauma, nkhungu yodyeka ikhoza kuchotsedwa, ndipo matayala amatha kugwedezeka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Chitani nokha pobowola nyumba zam'nyumba zamalimwe zitha kuikidwa panjira zam'masiku 10-12.
Kupanga kochita kufinya "pine kudula" (kanema):
Mwala wopakidwa miyala
Ngati kanyumba kali pafupi ndi mtsinje, ndiye monga zokongoletsera zopaka miyala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yamtengo wapatali. Miyala yaying'ono yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa ali oyenera ku malonda. Kuti ma tiles abwere, muyenera kupanga matabwa. Pambuyo pa konkriti yokhazikika ndi mipiringidzo yolimba itapangika mawonekedwe, ndikofunikira kuyika pazenera pamwamba. Ndipo ndi chopondera mokakamiza, kanikizani miyala mu yankho. Konkriti ikatha, matayala okongoletsa amatha kuchotsedwa pamakonzedwe.
Momwe mungayikire miyala yoyeserera?
Musanaike matailosi panjira yamtsogolo, muyenera kukonzekera maziko. Njirayi imakhala ndi izi:
- Zopanda. Malowa amayeretsedwapo matumba, zinyalala, zinyalala zomangamanga ndipo amazipaka ndi zida kapena zida zomangira.
- Kukonzekera kozungulira. Choyamba, dothi lakumtunda limachotsedwa m'lifupi mwa njirayo, kenako ma nyali oyikapo amaikika - zikhomo zoyendetsedwa pansi, pomwe ulalo umatambasulidwa. Umu ndi mtundu wa njira yodutsa malire.
- Kuyika zotayirira. Mwala wophwanyika umathiridwa pamalo omwe wakonzedwerawo ndikuwukhomera pamalopo pamalowo kuti paphiri pakhalepo, popanda ma tubercles ndi maenje. Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ndi kachulukidwe kotsikira, mwala woponderezedwa umapangidwa. Denga lamchenga losanjidwa limathiridwa pamwamba, lomwe limapangidwanso ndikukupangika.
- Kukhazikitsa kwa malire. Ngalande yosaya pansi akukonzekera njirayo mbali imodzi kapena ziwiri, momwe mchenga umathiridwa mpaka masentimita 5. Kuzama kwake kumawerengeredwa kuchokera poti 60% ya kotchinga idzakhomedwa.
Mukamaliza kumanga gawo la mchenga ndi simenti mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 5, kusakaniza kwa mchenga kukonzedwa. Imathiridwa pamunsi pa njanji pafupi kutalika kwa 2 cm. Tsopano ntchito yoika iyamba.
Kuwongolera koyenda ndikwabwino kusankha kuchokera kunyumba kupita ku chipata. Tayilo iliyonse yolumikizana imayenera kuikidwa kwambiri, ndipo ngodya kuti ichoke pakadali pafupifupi masentimita 0,8. Mukamayendetsa, matailosi aliwonse ayenera kuyendetsedwa ndi chipolopolo ndikuyang'ana nthawi ndi nthawi pamlingo wokonza. Mukamaliza ntchitoyo, pofuna mphamvu ya olowa, ikanuleni njira yonse ndi mchenga, kusesa m'deralo, ndikuthira madzi m'masiku ochepa.
