Chomera chosangalatsa chimamera kumbuyo kwa mpanda wa pafupifupi dacha iliyonse ku Russia. Kufalikira kumayiko ena. Koma kawirikawiri, ndimtundu wanji yemwe amasilira chitsamba chaminga ndipo, muzovuta kwambiri, amalekerera ngati chitetezo chabwino kwa alendo osapemphedwa. Chomera ichi chimatchedwa minga kapena minga, zipatso za mbuzi - imodzi mwazomera zakale kwambiri, zotchulidwa mu miyambo ya m'Baibulo. Mubuku lino ndilankhula za minga zomwe zikukula pamalopo, za machiritso ake ndi njira zogwiritsidwira ntchito mankhwalawo, zamalamulo osonkhetsa ndi kututa zopangira.
Thorny Turn - mchiritsi wakale wokhala ndi zinthu zamatsenga.
Kufotokozera kwamabotolo aminga zaminga
Masiku ano chomera taxonomy zakuda (Prunus spinosa) ndi wa banja la pinki kapena rosaceae (Rosaceae). Kutacha kwa mtundu wa anthu, kuchita nawo msonkhano, anthu adazindikira ndikukumbukira zothandiza zake. Mosiyana ndi mbewu zina zopindulitsa, mphamvu yakuchiritsani posinthaku imawonekera m'zigawo zake zonse. Pazifukwa zamankhwala, mizu, nthambi, makungwa, masamba, maluwa, zipatso amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtengo wa chomera umadziwika ndi mankhwala. Chaka chilichonse, zida zopangira zothandizira zimagulidwa pama pharmacies, ngakhale "zowawa" zowonekeratu - "spiky" yayitali kwambiri.
Kuyambira kale, madokotala adaganizira komwe mbewu za minga zidamera - dothi ndi loyera.
Dera logawidwa ndi blackthorn limakhudza madera ambiri. Chimakula kudera lonse la Europe, kuphatikiza mayiko akumadzulo, Asia Minor, Iran, North Africa, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Crimea, Caucasus, ndi kumpoto kwa Siberia. Mphepete mwa nkhalango, malo osiyidwa, minda yamtchire, malo opanda nthaka, malo otsetsereka a mapiri (mpaka 1200 mpaka 1400 m pamwamba pa nyanja) pakapita nthawi imakula ndi zitsamba zaminga ndipo kasupeyo amakutidwa ndi zipewa za zipatso za mbuzi zoyera-bwino kapena ma plums.
Blackthorn (dzina lachiwiri la chomera) limatanthawuza timitengo tambiri totalika pafupifupi 3,4,5,5 m kapena kutalika kwa mitengo yopanda kupitirira 5. Mbali yodziwika bwino ndiyowoneka bwino, yophimba mitengo ndi nthambi za mitengo, minga zamtengo. Kutembenukira kumatha kukula mosiyanasiyana voliyetric baka yokhala ndi korona kapena nthambi yambiri, yophimba malo angapo mamitala. Ngakhale kudzutsa, mbuzi ndi "fuko" lawo mosangalala kukuta masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi nthambi za chitsamba.
Chandewu chakuda (dzina lina la munga.) imapanga mizu yamphamvu yolimba ndi mizu yobisika. Ndi mizu yake yolowa kwambiri, chitsamba chimalimbitsa malo otsetsereka (zindikirani kwa eni!) Ndikuletsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Mtengo wokongola - kukongoletsa kwamitundu ndi chitetezo kuchokera pakulowera kwa ma hares ndi "alendo" ena pamalowa.
Chombo chachikulu chimakhala chowongoka, chimakutidwa ndi bulauni kapena mtundu wakuda, nthawi zina makungwa ofiira. Ndi zaka, mitengo ikuluikulu ingapo yambiri. Blackthorn ndi nkhuni yolimba, yomwe imawoneka yapamwamba potembenuka pang'ono ndi kujowina. Mphukira zambiri pachaka zimachoka pachilumbacho, ndikupanga nkhokwe zosatheka kuzilowera. Pamwamba pa mphukira zapachaka ndizabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kufinya kofewa. Mapeto a nthambi amatha ndi minga.
Masamba ndi osavuta, ang'ono mpaka 5cm kutalika, peti, zobiriwira zakuda ndi ser ser--seated m'mphepete mwa mawonekedwe apamwamba.
Nthawi yamaluwa imatengera dera komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyengo yofunda, yomwe imakonda kupezeka mu Epulo. Maluwa akupitilira mpaka theka lachiwiri la Meyi. Fungo labwino la maluwa ofiirira ndi oyera limakongoletsa ma pollinator ndi fungo lake labwino, losangalatsa. Chodabwitsa cha munga wodabwitsawu ndikuti poyamba maluwa amatseguka, ndikuphimba chitsamba ndi chophimba choyera. Njuchi ndi ma bumblebe zimayesetsa kupanga maluwa ndipo pokhapokha ngati maluwa atafota, masamba akuwonekera.
Gawo labwino la zipatso zotembenuzika limakhala lalikulu masentimita 1.5, amafanana ndi maula ochepa, omata kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma tannins. Chipatsochi chimakutidwa ndi khungu lakuda. Kuguza kwake ndi kotsekemera, kobiriwira. Mkati mwake muli drupe, wopindika pang'ono. M'mawonekedwe, zipatso zakupsa ndizobiriwira zakuda, ndi zokutira kwawindo, ndikupatsa zipatsozo mtundu wamtambo. Zipatsozo sizigwa ndikutsalira nthambi mpaka kasupe wotsatira. Zimacha mu Julayi-August, koma zimayamba kukolola pokhapokha chisanu chikamayamba.
Pambuyo pa kuzizira, zipatsozo zimasintha kapangidwe kake kazinthu, ndimataya pang'ono ndi zina za asidi, ndikukhala ndi mkoma wowawasa. Zipatso za minga zamtengo wapatali zimadziwika ndi kusungika kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri. Chitsamba chachikulire chimapanga 10-25 makilogalamu zipatso, kuti pamalo ogwiritsira ntchito nyumba, mutha kukhala ndi zitsamba za 1-2 zosatha, zodabwitsa pazothandiza zake.
Minga yamaluwa yaminga.
Zothandiza paminga
Kodi ndikufunika zochezera mdziko muno - funso lopanda pake. Ziyenera kukhala! Zigawo zonse za chomera ndizopatsa mankhwala, koma zopangira mankhwala ziyenera kukonzedwa kuchokera mmagawo, chifukwa mbali zosiyanasiyana za chomerazo zimadziunjikira zofunikira:
- maluwa ndi masamba aminga aminga ndi othandiza pakuphatikiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mwaokha ngati okodzetsa mtima komanso kuwoneka bwino;
- minga (teti, decoctions) imathandiza pang'onopang'ono pa capillaries ndi ma cell pathological ena;
- zipatso - wabwino diaphoretic ndi antibacterial wothandizira, zotupa ndi zotupa za thupi;
- zipatso zimapangitsa thupi kukhala ndi shuga;
- Kutembenukira kumapangitsa kagayidwe kake kotero ndikofunika kwa gout, chifukwa imatha kuchotsa mchere m'thupi;
- palokha komanso posonkhanitsa masamba ndi zipatso, komanso madzi aminga omata ogwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa kamwazi.
Kugulidwa kolondola kwa minga yaiwisi
Kumayambiriro kasupe, mu Marichi, podulira zitsamba makungwa okolola Kutembenuka kuchokera kwa athanzi - thunthu ndi nthambi za akulu. Makungwa amachotsedwa kwathunthu kudulalo, ndikuti asadulidwe madera ochepa kuti mabala omwe adachitidwa akhoza kuchira msanga. Kuchepetsa khungubwe “yamoyo” kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti pasawononge matenthedwe. Ikawonongeka, nthambi yonse imafa. Makungwa amadzidula mbali ziwiri 2-5 masentimita, zouma padzuwa kapena chowumitsa pa + 50 ... + 60 ° С.
Munthawi ya kuphukira kwakukulu (koyambirira kwa Epulo) kukolola maluwa kutembenukira. Maluwa otumphuka ndi maluwa (koma osazimiririka) ma inflorescence amachotsedwa kapena kudulidwa (osasambitsidwa) ndikufalikira pamtunda wochepa thupi (mpaka 5 cm) pamthunzi pa burlap, nsalu zachilengedwe, zinthu zina zotunga madzi kapena pepala. Zinthu zosafunikira nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuti zisamange nkhungu.
Pambuyo maluwa kwathunthu, kukolola kumayamba pepala lobiriwira. Masamba akulu okhaokha, osawonongeka amasankhidwa. Monga maluwa, amawaika pabedi ndikuwuma pamithunzi yopanga kapena pouma pamtunda wa + 45 ... + 50 ° С.
Wamng'ono wazaka 1-2 kutembenukira mphukira kukololedwa pakati pa chilimwe (Juni). Inali nthawi imeneyi kuti mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala ndizambiri zopanga zachilengedwe zomwe zimapindulitsa thanzi. Zouma komanso masamba. Itha kuumitsidwa ndikumapachika pamalo ang'onoang'ono omasulidwa m'malo osungirako. Yang'anani pafupipafupi kuti muwone ngati palibe nkhungu.
Zowonjezereka zimachitika kutola zipatso. Yambitsani mu September. Munthawi imeneyi, zipatso zobiriwira zimakhala ndi ma tannins ambiri ndipo zimakololedwa chifukwa ch achire. Ndi isanayambike chisanu (koyambira kumapeto kwa Okutobala) zipatso zamphepete zimachotsedwa. Amataya gawo la tannins, kukhala ofewa, ndi kukoma kosangalatsa komanso kowawasa (kwa amateur). Zipatsozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tiyi wapa tiyi kapena mu njira zina zamankhwala opangidwa kunyumba zamagulu osiyanasiyana matenda komanso kukonza zakudya zam'zitini zam'nyengo yozizira - mapampu, jamu, masamba, zipatso zotsekemera, marinade, zakumwa, vinyo, kununkhira kwa vodika, compotes, kissels, ndi zina.
Zipatso zatsopano zakumbuyo zimatha kugundidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yozizira ngati chinthu chomwe chili ndi mavitamini ndi zina zofunikira. Zipatso zakonzedwa (zosankhidwa zathanzi, zotsukidwa, zouma ndi mpweya) zimayikidwa mufiriji kwa maola 2-3 ndikuthira m'matumba kapena pepala pulasitiki ndikusungidwa mufiriji.
Kuchedwa kuyamba kukolola mizu yotembenukira. Mizu imatsukidwa pansi pa madzi ozizira, owuma kuchokera kunyowa yambiri ndipo pamapeto pake amauma muzowumitsa, mipando yamagetsi ndi zida zina zomwe zimapereka mofulumira.
Kutembenukira kwake ndi mtengo wazomera, womwe uli ndi mankhwala ndi masamba, makungwa, ndi maluwa, ndi zipatso.
Kutalika kwa zinthu zosaphika
Zinthu zouma (kupatula mizu) zimasungidwa osaposa chaka mchikwama kapena zikwama zopangidwa ndi nsalu zachilengedwe. Yosungirako ndiyabwino chipinda chamdima chakuda, chopumira. Zipatso zachisanu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Makungwa ndi mizu zimasungidwa mpaka zaka zitatu.
Momwe mungatolere bwino zinthu zopangira, pangani kuyanika ndikukonza mankhwala othandizira, tini, malata, mafuta onunkhira titha kuwerengera m'nkhani zakuti "Momwe mungatolere bwino ndi kuwuma mbewu zamankhwala", "Zitsamba zamankhwala ndi mbewu - gawo 1 ndi gawo 2".
Mtengo wa mankhwala opangidwa ndi minga
Kukumana kwa michere mu minga yaiwisi yaminga kumadalira dera, koma mndandanda wawo sukusinthidwa.
Minga muli:
- ma tannins, omwe amachotsa matenda a mafangasi ndi bakiteriya, imathandizira epithelization a mabala, zilonda zonyowa zowuma ndi mabala;
- ma organic acid okhala ndi antioxidant katundu omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi "ulesi wamatumbo", omwe ali ndi antiparasitic, diuretic ndi diaphoretic zotsatira;
- shuga (shuga, sucrose, fructose);
- pectins, amathetsa dysbiosis, amalimbikitsa adsorption yazitsulo zolemera, kuwonongedwa kwa microflora ya pathogenic;
- mafuta ofunikira ndi zinthu zina zonunkhira;
- mavitamini, kuphatikiza "A", "C", "E", "B1", "B2", "K", "P", "PP" amateteza njira;
- macro ndi micronutrients, kuphatikiza: potaziyamu, sodium, calcium, chitsulo, magnesium, nthaka, cobalt, ayodini, manganese, chromium ndi ena; amatenga mbali mu enzymatic njira, mu matenda a ma cell kupuma ma cell.
Yang'anani! Minga yaminga singameze. Amygdalin glycoside, yemwe ali m'mafupa, amawola pomwe m'mimba ndi matumbo zikagwira ntchito, kuti apange hydrocyanic acid, womwe ndi poyizoni wamphamvu!
Magawo azamasamba minga yaminga, kuphatikizapo mizu, makungwa, masamba, mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala:
- njira;
- flavonoids;
- chosasunthika;
- kuwawa.
Ziwalo zamasamba zimakhala ndi zotsatirazi zopindulitsa m'thupi monga gawo la mankhwala osokoneza bongo:
- antioxidant
- antibacterial
- odana ndi kutupa, amapereka chimbudzi chabwino;
- kuyenda,
- antidiarrheal.
Tembenuzani maluwa monga gawo la teti ndi decoctions zimakhudza kuchiritsa kwamthupi, kuphatikiza:
- maswiti;
- ascorant (matenda opuma);
- antibacterial;
- mankhwala ofewetsa;
- okodzetsa;
- antianemic kwenikweni;
- normalization wa biochemical kapangidwe ka magazi.
Chakumwa chokonzedweratu ndi njira yabwino yothandizira chimfine, matenda ophukira omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ammero ndi bronchi.
Samalani!
- Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito minga yokongola yochizira kunyumba, onetsetsani kuti mwakumana ndi dokotala; munga, ngakhale uli wocheperapo, umasungidwa kwa omwe ali ndi ziwengo;
- Zipatso zimatha kudyedwa ndi ana ndi amayi apakati;
- Zipatso zatsopano zokhala ndi "mimba yofooka" zimakwiyitsa m'mimba;
- Msuzi umasefedwa ndipo mafupa amachotsedwa; Simungasungeko decoction ndi zipatso; mafupa mu decoction amapanga poyizoni omwe amayambitsa poizoni;
- Zipatso zimayamwa enamel mu bint yosalala, yomwe imatenga masiku angapo, ndikutsuka pang'onopang'ono; Enamel sizimayambitsa vuto lililonse, koma sizokondweretsa.
Tembenukirani - yabwino pakupanga mipanda.
Kufalitsa ndi kubzala minga
Kodi minga mungayikemo chiani?
Minga yaminga imakulanso bwino padzuwa, mumthunzi ndi pang'ono. Dothi, mtundu wake (chifukwa cha mizu yolowera kwambiri) silinachite chilichonse chomera. Kutembenukira kwamtchire kumalimbana ndi chisanu mpaka -40 ° C, samabweza pang'ono kubweza chisanu. Samafunikira kuthirira ndi kuvala mwadongosolo mwatsatanetsatane. Koma iye ndi "wowukira", wobzala mbewu zobzalidwa. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa chodzala minga yaminga, ndibwino kutenga malo kumapeto kwa mundawo kapena kupanga mpanda, kuwasiyanitsa ndi munda wonsewo, ndiwo zamasamba, mabulosi okhala ndi kuya kwa mita 1 kapena zina zosawola.
Minga yopanda tanthauzo amatanthauza kudzala zipatso (kubala zipatso chaka chilichonse) ndi zipatso zoyamba zipatso. Amapanga mbeu yoyamba kuyambira zaka 2-3 mpaka kufika pa infestanti. Amanenedwa za minga - "chitsamba chaminga sichikhala wopanda kanthu."
Kufalikira kwa minga
Shrub imafalikira mwa mbewu ndi njira yazomera. Kunyumba, ndizothandiza kuifalitsa ndi mizu.
Panthawi ya kufalikira kwa minga, mafupa amafooka ndikufesedwa m'dzinja mpaka akuya masentimita 5-7. M'nyengo yozizira, amakhala osavomerezeka. Chapakatikati, mphukira yabwino imawonekera. Kuika kumatha kuchitika mu nthawi ya masika kapena kugwa kwa chaka chamawa kapena zaka ziwiri. Dera lokhazikika kwambiri limasankhidwa ndikubzala (munthawi yopanga hedge) m'mizere 1-2 yotalikirana pakati pa mbeu mzere wa 0.8-1.0 m ndi pakati pa mizere - mpaka 2 metres.
Ngati mdziko lanyumba mwakonzeka kubzala zitsamba 1-3, zibzalidwe mtunda wa 1.5-2 mita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mukabzala, khosi la mmera limayenera kukhalabe 3-4 cm pamwamba pa nthaka. Mukangobzala, gawo la mlengalenga limadula mpaka masentimita 15-25. Kudulira kotsikirako kumalimbikitsa kukula ndi kubzala chitsamba. M'chaka chachiwiri cha kukula ndikukula kwa malo obzala, kudulira kotsika kumabwerezedwanso ndipo nthawi yomweyo mizu yonse yapachaka imachotsedwa - ofooka, wopindika, kukula mkati, makulidwe. Amasiya mphukira zolimba, zophuka bwino, zakumaso zomwe zimapanga kutalika kwa chitsamba.
Kuyambira kuyambira zaka 4-5, kudulira mwaukhondo kumachitika chaka chilichonse mwezi wa Marichi, kuchotsa mphukira zochulukirapo komanso kupatulira matanthwe. Nthawi zambiri, zitsulo zazikulu za 4-6 zimasiyidwa, zina zimachotsedwa pansi pazu ndikuziyambiranso, mphukira zapachaka 1-2 zimasankhidwa, zomwe zimalocha nthambi zakale zosabala.
Yang'anani okonda katemera! Kutembenukira kwake ndi katundu wokongola; kumawonjezera kulimba kwa dzinja ndi kukopa kwa scion pazovuta zachilengedwe.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta minga
Matenda
Chitsamba ichi sichiri kudwala ndipo sichimawonongeka ndi tizirombo. Nthawi zina (kawirikawiri) ndi kasupe wautali wanyowa, kuwola kwa korona kumatha kuonedwa. Mafangayi a monilia amalowa m'maluwa amaluwa. Matendawa amayamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono zapamwamba. Udzu pambuyo podziteteza umakula, koma zipatso zimasweka kapena kuvunda nthawi yomweyo kapena kusungidwa.
M'madera akumpoto, tchire lomwe lingakhudzidweko limatha kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Nthawi yodikirira ndi masiku osachepera 30-35 musanakolole. Chorus ndiye mankhwala okhawo omwe amagwira ntchito pam kutentha wochepa (mpaka mpaka).M'madera ozizira, ndikwabwino kuchoka pamankhwala ndikupanga tchire ndi sulfate (yoposa 1% yankho) kapena madzi a Bordeaux, komanso biofungicides Gamair, Trichopol. Ndipo malinga ndi ndemanga za akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa, ndikokwanira kumwaza zitsamba zovuta ndi njira yofooka ya viniga kapena ammonia. M'munda wanga wamseri, nthawi yake sinadwalitse.
Ngati zopangira za mankhwala zitha kugulidwa kuchitsamba, nkosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuteteza chitsamba ku matenda ndi tizirombo.
Minga yanthete sikuti imadwala ndipo sawonongeka ndi tizirombo.
Tizilombo
Mukuwukira kwa epiphytotic, aphid ndi ngozi ya minga. Mwa kuyamwa msuzi kuchokera kumiphukira yaying'ono ndi masamba, imatha kupatsirana nthawi yomweyo mbewuyo ndi kachilombo toyambitsa matenda. Popeza kuti nsabwe za m'masamba zimapezeka kale mu nthawi yotentha, kukonzekera kwa mankhwala sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza mbewu.
Ngati nsabwe za m'masamba ndizochepa, zimangochotsa pachitsamba ndikuthamanga kwamadzi. Mukakhala ndi matenda okwanira, mutha kuthira mbewu za biologics (Fitoverm, Aktofit), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'mitengo ina ya zipatso ndi zitsamba, kapena kukonza zakumudzi.
Mankhwala angapo okhala ndi phulusa kapena phulusa la phulusa ndi kupumula kwa masiku 5-8, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa kwa fodya ndi kuwonjezera pa sopo, phula la birch lithandizira kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba popanda kuvulaza thupi. Pazolinga zodzitetezera, mochedwa kumapeto kwa masamba (masamba atagwa ndipo tchire lanyamuka kuti likapume nthawi yozizira), sulani minga ndi yankho la 3-5% urea.
Wokondedwa Reader! Munadziwana ndi chitsamba china chothandiza chomwe chiri chosavuta kuti chikule ndikuwusamalira. Ali ndi katundu wochiritsa - nyanja. Chofunika chokha kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino mankhwalawa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndikupanga zakudya ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, zipatso, komanso kuphatikiza mankhwala posamalira komanso kuteteza mbewu.
