Poskonnik, kapena eupatorium (Eupatrium) - mawonekedwe okongola komanso osazolowereka a herbaceous osatha ochokera ku banja la a Astrov. Malo omwe chomerachi chimadziwika kuti ndi North America. Chifukwa chakuti zenera limasanja nthawi yomweyo limaphatikizaponso kusazindikira, kuzizira, kukongola kowoneka bwino, zachilendo komanso nthawi yayitali ya maluwa, ndiye amodzi mwa okonda kwambiri wamaluwa. Nkhaniyi idzafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane malamulo obzala, kusamalira ndi kukulitsa otchera mitengo.
Kufotokozera kwa mbewu
Mizu ya mbewuyo ndi yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu. Kutalika, Evpatorium imatha kufikira mamitala atatu, nthawi zina ngakhale yokwera. Zimayambira sizowongoka, koma zamphamvu kwambiri. Masamba amakhala odera komanso pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kumapeto kwake, m'mphepete mwa masamba amawongoleredwa, malo osalala, koma nthawi zina amakhala osalala.
Nthawi yamaluwa ku Evpatorium ndiyitali, imayamba pakati pa chilimwe ndipo imakhala pafupifupi mpaka kumapeto kwenikweni kwa nthawi yophukira. Corollas imakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ambiri omwe ali ndi mthunzi wosalala wa pinki, wofiirira kapena woyera. Sill ya pawindo ilinso ndi fungo labwino, lopepuka komanso labwino kwambiri lomwe limakopa tizilombo tothandiza.
Poskonnik ndi wosasunthika pochoka, amakhala osasinthasintha kutentha, samadwaladwala ndipo amakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kukula zenera m'mimba
Kufesa mbewu
Mid-March ndi nthawi yabwino kubzala mbewu mmera pa mbande. Dothi liyenera kukhala lachonde komanso lotayirira, lopangidwa mwaluso, lopangidwira mbande za maluwa, ndilabwino, limapangidwa ndi zinthu zonse zofunika kufufuza ndi mchere zomwe ndizofunikira pakukula ndikukula kwa mbande zamaluwa. Sikoyenera kuzamitsa mbewuzo m'nthaka, kumangodzikankhira pang'ono kapena kuwaza ndi dothi loonda.
Mutabzala, ndikofunikira kumwaza nthaka ndi yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena madzi wamba firiji. Komanso, mutabzala mbewu, kuphimba mabokosi ndi pulasitiki wokutira kuti muthane wowonjezera kutentha. Mabokosi okhala ndi njere zobzalidwa amayenera kuyikamo chipinda chofunda komanso chowala bwino, ndikutsegula filimuyo tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 10 kuti mpweya wabwino uzichotsa ndi kupukusidwa. Ndikofunika kupopera dothi nthawi zonse, kuteteza kuti nthaka isayime, kenako mphukira yoyamba iwonekere pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Pambuyo pa izi, muyenera kuchotsa kwathunthu filimuyo ndikusunga madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.
Kudzala kwa zenera kumadzaza pamalo otseguka
Ndikofunikira kubzala mbande panthaka pakati pa Meyi. Pakadali pano, nthaka imawuma bwino ndipo nyengo yabwino imalowamo, chisanu sizingatheke kubwerera. Malo obzala ayenera kukhala kumtunda kwa dimba, chifukwa chifukwa chosowa kuwala zenera limakhala lodzaza kwambiri, ndipo maluwa pawokha amakhala ochepa osati owala monga tikufuna. Musanabzale, muyenera kukumba dothi ndikupanga feteleza. Manyowa owongoka bwino, humus kapena njira yapadera ya kompositi. Kenako muyenera kukumba mabowo motalikirana osachepera masentimita makumi atatu ndikuyika phulusa la nkhuni ndi zotungira (dongo zokulirapo, miyala yamtsinje) pansi. Mutabzala, ndikofunikira kuthirira dothi mozungulira mbewuzo ndikuyiyika bwino ndi peat, utuchi, udzu, udzu kapena masamba owuma.
Kusamalira mphukira m'munda
Kuthirira
Sapling ndi mbewu yomwe imakonda chinyezi. Amafunikira kuthirira kambiri komanso pafupipafupi panthawi yogwira ntchito, chomera chikayamba kupeza mtundu, kuthirira kumafunika kuchepetsedwa pang'ono. Nthaka sikuyenera kupukuta, koma siyiyenera kuloledwa kuthambalala kapena kusunthika, zenera sill sizikonda izi, chifukwa chake chinyezi chambiri chitha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu kapena kufa kwa chomera chonse.
Dothi
Mukathilira chilichonse, muyenera kumasula dothi kuti lisawononge mizu, izi zingathandize kukhutiritsa mbewuzo ndi mpweya ndipo nthawi zambiri kulimbana ndi namsongole.
Namsongole kuti akololedwe koyenera, kuti udzu uchotsere nthawi zambiri mutabzala, muyenera mulch dothi lozungulira chomeracho ndi peat, utuchi, masamba owuma, udzu kapena udzu.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Ndikofunikira kuyika kuvala kwapamwamba katatu pachaka. Monga feteleza wachilengedwe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la kompositi, yankho la manyowa a nkhuku ndi manyowa owola. Maofesi oyesera am michere ya mineral omwe amapangidwira bwino maluwa maluwa nawonso ndi angwiro. Z feteleza zonse ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe amadzimadzi komanso mosamala pansi pa muzu, kuti musakhale pamitengo, masamba, makamaka maluwa.
Kudulira
Nthawi yamaluwa ikatha, inflorescence imasweka ndipo masamba amafunikira kutalika ndi masamba owuma ndi inflorescence. Musanakonzekere chomera kuti ikhale nyengo yachisanu, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse tsinde la eupatorium pafupifupi kwathunthu, ndikusiya masentimita khumi a tsinde pamizu.
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu
Mukadulira kwathunthu zimayambira, ndikofunikira kuphimba komwe mizu ya proscenium imakhalabe ndi masamba owuma, peat kapena udzu. Izi zimalola kuti mbewuyo ipulumuke nyengo yozizira komanso kusangalala ndi maluwa ake chaka chamawa. Mitundu yocheperako yozizira iyeneranso yokutidwa ndi zinthu zina zapadera, zomwe zithandiza kusamutsa chisanu nthawi yachisanu mosavuta.
Kubalana
Kubalana mwa kugawa chitsamba
Njira yosavuta yopezera mbewu zanthete yatsopano ndikugawa chitsamba. Njira yogawa chitsamba iyenera kuchitika nthawi imodzi muzaka 5. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ndi masika ndi nthawi yophukira. Inde, muyenera kupatsa chidwi kubzala masika, chifukwa nthawi yachilimwe ndi yophukira mbewu izikhala ndi mizu mizu isanayambe chisanu.
Mphukira imayenera kudulidwa, kusiya pafupifupi masentimita 20. chitsamba chimayenera kuthiriridwa bwino, pambuyo pake chitha kukumba. Eupatorium nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi rhizome yamphamvu, motero ndikofunika kukonzekeretsa pang'ono macheke. Mmera aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi malo okula atatu. Magawo ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicide. Tchire tating'ono tiyenera kubzala m'mayenje okonzekeratu.
Mphukira
Njira yolerera imaphatikizanso kugwiritsa ntchito impso. Amafunika kudulidwa mchaka pamodzi ndi gawo la nthangala, pomwe mphukira zimafika kutalika kwa 5 cm. Kenako, masamba amafunika kubzalidwa mumiphika umodzi kapena kuthekera kwathunthu kwa mbande, koma pankhaniyi, muyenera kusunga mtunda pakati pa masamba pa 7 cm. Kubzala kumafunikira kusinthasintha komanso kuthirira pang'ono. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, impso zimazika mizu kenako mutha kuziika panja.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Njira ina yofotokozera zomera za Mphukira ndi kuzika kwa masamba odulidwa. Zidula zimadulidwa mchilimwe, kumapeto kwa June. Kutalika kwa zodulidwazo kumayenera kukhala kwamtunda wa 10-15, ndikukhala ndi malo okula atatu. Zodulidwa ziyenera kubzalidwa mumchenga wosakanizika ndi mchenga, ndipo pamwamba ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi polyethylene, potero zimapangitsa mphamvu ya wowonjezera kutentha. Mizu imatenga pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa kachiromboka ndi kukana matenda osiyanasiyana ndi kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma nthawi zina zimachitika kuti chomera chimatha kudwala ndi mchere wamankhwala. Limbana ndi matendawa nthawi yomweyo, zikangoyamba kuonekera matendawa. Kuti muchite izi, samalani chomera mosamala ndi yankho la mankhwala apadera. Mukamatsatira malamulo onse azikhalidwe zaulimi, ndiye kuti palibe matenda ndi tizilombo tina tosokoneza.
Pokonsnik popanga mawonekedwe
Tchire ndi lalitali, choncho ndiwokongoletsa nyumba zam'mundamu komanso ngati maziko ena mbewu zam'munda. Popeza zenera la sill limakonda chinyezi, libzalidwe m'mphepete mwa dziwe kuti lizikongoletsa. Kusintha kwawindo kuphatikizika ndi mitundu ina kumapanga mawonekedwe apadera ndi oyambilira a munda. Chifukwa cha Evpatorium, mundawo sudzangokhala wokongola kwambiri, koma fungo labwino kwambiri komanso labwino.
Ponena za kukongola kwa maluwa, Evpatorium kwa nthawi yayitali itadula imakhalabe yatsopano komanso fungo labwino. Kuphatikizidwa kwa windowsill ndi mitundu ina yachilendo kumapangitsa kupanga maluwa okongola komanso osangalatsa kwambiri omwe angakusangalatseni ndi kukongola kwawo kwa nthawi yayitali, gonjetsani ndi fungo labwino ndikusunganso kutsitsimuka kwawo.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sill
Poskonnik ndiwosiyana kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mitundu yambiri, yotchuka kwambiri yaiwo afotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.
Ma shoni apilo - sill yamtunduwu imatha kutalika kuposa mamilimita ndi mita. Zimayambira ndi imvi pamithunzi, masamba ndiwobiriwira, akuluakulu ndi osalala ndikuwoneka pang'ono kumaso. Maluwa ndi ofiira apinki, oyera, ofiira akuda kapena a pinki. Nthawi yamaluwa amtunduwu imatha pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri: Little Red, Little Joe.
Pohkonnik anawona atropurpurium - Imatha kukula mpaka mamita awiri, nthawi zina yokwera. Zimayambira ndi zazikulu komanso zamphamvu kwambiri. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe ataliitali opindika okhala ndi mbali zokulungidwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Maluwa a Lilac. Sill yamtunduwu imakhala yozizira kwambiri, m'malo omwe mulibe kuzizira kwambiri, imatha nthawi yozizira popanda pogona padera. Mitundu yotchuka yamtunduwu: Atropurpureum, Album, Carin, Purple Bush, Bartered Mkwatibwi, Glutball, Maambulera Akulu, Riesenschrim, Orchard Dene, Phantom, Chipata.
Cannabis hemp kapena hemp - mitundu yomwe imakonda kwambiri chinyezi kuposa onse. Zabwino kutchera mozungulira mayiwe. Kutalika, mtunduwu umatha kufika mita imodzi ndi theka. Masamba amakhala owongoka ndi nsonga yakuthwa, yobiriwira yakuda. Maluwa amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana mithunzi ya pinki. Maluwa amayamba kumayambiriro kwa Julayi ndikutha kumapeto kwa yophukira. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya Flore Pleno.
Anakwinya mbama - samakula kupitirira mita imodzi. Masamba amatha ndi m'mphepete mwa nsonga ndi nsonga zowongoka, okhala ndi utoto kuchokera pakuwala mpaka kubiriwira kwakuda. Ma Corollas amakhala ndi khungu loyera, lokhazikika zonona. Mitundu yodziwika bwino: Chocolate, Rubrum.
Malangizo Othandiza
- Ngati mukufuna kugula mbande, muyenera kulabadira kwenikweni kuti mizu yonse iyenera kukhala mumphika, koma osagwirizana nayo, popeza chomera cholimba komanso chopanda thanzi sichimakula. Izi zimawoneka ngati kuphwanya kwakukulu polima mbande, mbande zotere sizimaphuka bwino ndipo zimagwidwa ndi tizilombo ndipo zimayambitsa matenda.
- Poskonnik amadziwika ndi kumera kwakutali. Chifukwa chake, mbewu zimatha kumera mpaka Meyi, ndipo izi zimadziwika kuti ndizabwinobwino komanso zovomerezeka.
- Ngati sicholakwika kusankha malo obzala zenera la sill, ndiye chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa dzuwa maluwa adzikhala ochepa, ndipo padzakhala corollas ochepa. Komanso nthawi yamaluwa imatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.
Mukamatsatira malamulo onse obzala, kukula ndi kusamalira nkhanambo poyera, ndiye kuti duwa limakula kwambiri, lamphamvu komanso lathanzi. Zidzakusangalatsaninso ndi maluwa ake ambiri kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo lidzakhala chokongoletsera chenicheni cha mundawo.
