Shiksha (crowberry)

Vodyanika (Empetrum), wotchedwanso shiksha, kapena crowberry - mtunduwu umayimiriridwa ndi zitsamba zokwawa zomwe zimakhala zobiriwira nthawi zonse, ndizabanja la Heather. Pachitsamba chotere, masamba a masamba amafanana ndi singano, maluwa samayimira kukongoletsa kulikonse. Ku Northern Hemisphere, mbewu zoterezi zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe ndizofala, zomwe sizachilendo ku South America. Komanso, shrub iyi imatchedwanso wamba, mabulosi kapena yakuda yernik, Voronitsa, boggy, veris, psyche, mabulosi a nutty, sixa, booze, beri beri, bagnovka, udzu wakuda ndi njiwa. Kuthengo, amakonda kubzala m'nkhalango za paini, pa ma sphagnum bogs, mu tundra, pamchenga wotseguka ndi mapiri a granite m'mapiri a subalpine ndi mapiri a mapiri.

Zinthu za crowberry

Vodyanik ndi kachitsamba kakang'ono kwambiri kowononga kamene kamafika pamtunda wa masentimita 20 okha. Kutalika kwa tsinde kumatha kufika mita imodzi. Zomera zoterezi ndizofanana ndi lingonberry. Chitsamba ichi chimamera ndi makatani, pomwe nthambi zowonjezereka zimatha kumera panthambi zake, chifukwa chomwe nsalu yotchinga imakulirakulira nthawi zonse, pomwe kumakhala kufota pang'onopang'ono kwa nthambi zomwe zili pakati pa chitsamba. Mphukira zokhala ndi nthambi zambiri zimapakidwa utoto. Mbale zopezeka masamba achikuda nthawi zonse zimafanana ndi singano za spruce, zimaphimba mphukira. Iliyonse mwa masamba siigwera pachitsamba kwa zaka 5. Maluwa a axillary ali ndi miyala 3 yomwe imatha kupaka utoto wofiirira, wofiirira kapena wapinki. Maluwa awa ndi opatsa chidwi. Pakatikati, ma shiksha amatulutsa mu Epulo kapena Meyi, pomwe anali ku Siberia mu Meyi kapena June. Pukutira, zitsamba zotere zimafunikira mungu wochokera, mwachitsanzo: njuchi, agulugufe ndi ntchentche. Kunja, zipatso za shiksha zimawoneka ngati zonyozeka. Ndi zipatso wowawasa wowawasa komanso wamtundu wakuda, womwe m'mimba mwake umatha kufika masentimita 5.5, mkati mwake muli mbewu zinayi, ndipo pamtunda - malo owoneka bwino. Kucha kwawo kumayamba mu Ogasiti, pomwe sikugwa kuyambira nthawi yachisanu. Mafuta omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku zipatso zotere amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Kupitilira pamtunda kumatchedwa shikshevniki kapena Voronichniki.

Chomerachi chimasiyanitsidwanso ndi mawonekedwe ena, chimamera mu Symbiosis ndi fungus wapadera. Imakhazikika pamizu ya shrub ndipo imawupatsa ndi zinthu za photosynthesis.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira shiksha

Kubzala shiksha m'munda

Kuthengo, shiksha, monga lamulo, imakonda kumera m'malo dzuwa, pomwe dothi lomwe limafuna ndi acid mchenga kapena peat. Tikumbukire kuti Crowberry imakumana ndi mavuto ambiri munthaka. Nthaka yothinana kwambiri siyabwino kubzala. Chifukwa chake, ngati pamakhala dongo pamalopo, ndiye kuti mchenga, peat ndi turf nthaka uyenera kuwonjezeredwamo. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani pamwamba ndi pambali ndipo tsanulirani ndi mchenga wosakanizika ndi mwala wosweka wa mainchesi khumi. Pambuyo pake, dothi lakumtunda lomwe limachotsedwa pambali liyenera kusakanikirana ndi zina zofunika ndikuyika pamalo ake oyambira.

Shiksha iyenera kubzalidwa mpaka pakuya mamita 0.4. Ngati zitsamba zingapo zibzalidwe, ndiye kuti mtunda wa 0.3-0,5 m uyenera kuyang'anidwa pakati pawo mzere. Zomera zobzalidwa zimafuna kuthirira bwino.

Momwe mungasamalire shiksha

Vodyanik amafunika kuti azikhala udzu mwadongosolo, koma m'zaka zoyambirira za moyo. Chitsamba chikakula, chitha kuponderezanso kukula kwa namsongole. Ngati tsambalo lakutidwa ndi mulch (peat), makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala mamilimita 50, izi zingathandize kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi udzu. Kuthirira sikuyenera kukhala pafupipafupi, chifukwa mbewu yotere imakumana ndi vuto lonyowa m'nthaka. Monga lamulo, shiksha imathiriridwa kokha munthawi yopumira.

Nyengo yonseyi, zitsamba zimangofunika 1 kuphatikiza ndi Nitroammofoskoy (pa mita imodzi ya mraba ya chiwembu cha magalamu 50). Chapakatikati, amafunika kudulira mwaukhondo, chifukwa muyenera kudula mitengo yonse yowonongeka ndi chisanu ndikuuma. Mukamadula chomera choterocho, muyenera kukumbukira kuti chikukula pang'onopang'ono, motero njirayi iyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri. Pobzala chitsamba choterocho nthawi yachisanu sichimafunikira, chifukwa sichithana ndi chisanu kwambiri. Amalekerera miyezi yozizira bwino pansi pa chipale chofewa.

Kutolere ndi Shiksha

Zipatso ndi nthambi zokhala ndi masamba a crowberry amadzi zimakhala ndi machiritso. Kukolola udzu kumachitika nthawi ya maluwa, ndipo zipatso - zikangokhwima. Chepetsa udzu mosamala chifukwa sungavulaze mizu yazomera. Fotokozerani udzu mu woonda, ndikusankha malo okhala ndi izi, omwe ayenera kutetezedwa bwino ku mvula ndi dzuwa. Zinthu zotsogola zitha kuyanikanso m'malo amdima, owuma bwino. Udzu mukamayanika uyenera kuzingidwa mwadongosolo, momwemomwe umaperekera kuyanika. Udzu ukawuma, uyenera kuyikidwa m'matumba a nsalu omwe amasungidwa m'malo amdima ndi owuma. Zinthu zopangira zoterezi zimatha kusungidwa kwa zaka ziwiri.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya shiksha

Mitunduyi imakhala ndi magulu osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi asayansi ena, mtunduwu ndiwopeka, pomwe shiksha ndi aronia kapena wakuda - mitundu yokhayo ndi iyi. Ophunzira ena amakhulupirira kuti mtunduwu sugwirizana popanda umodzi, koma mitundu ingapo: madzi benthic bisexual, wakuda, ofiira, pafupifupi Holarctic. Ndipo munsanja ya Theomera Mndandanda muli zidziwitso zotsatirazi kuti mtundu wa crowberry umaphatikiza mitundu itatu yokha ndi mitundu isanu ndi itatu. Wamaluwa adalima mtundu umodzi wokha.

Vodyanika wakuda (Empetrum nigrum)kapena shiksha yakuda kapena yamtundu wa Siberia ndi chitsamba chokhazikika kwambiri chomwe chimakhala chobiriwira, chimafikira kutalika kwa 0,25-0,5 m. Kapangidwe ka koronayo ndiwopendekera. Kuthengo, mbewu iyi imakonda kukula m'matumba a peat, pomwe safuna chinyontho chambiri. Zingwe zamtundu wazitali zimafikira 10 mm, m'mphepete mwake zimatsitsidwa. Mtundu wakutsogolo ndi wobiriwira wakuda, pomwe mbali yolakwika imakhala ndi wandiweyani wandiweyani, woimiridwa ndi mulu wa utoto wofiira. Utoto wa malalawo ndi ofiira, ofiira kapena ofiira, ali ndi miyala 3 yokha. Pamaso pa zipatso zakuda zokha pali chikwangwani. Kucha kwawo kumachitika mu Ogasiti-Sepemba. Zipatso izi ndizamadzi ndipo sizimva kukoma. Chomera ichi chili ndi mitundu iwiri: Japan ndi Asia. Alinso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera:

1. Citronella Chitsamba chili ndi masamba obiriwira achikasu a mandimu.
2. Smaragd. Chitsamba chowiracho chili ndi masamba a masamba obiriwira.
3. Bernstein. Mtundu wa masamba amtundu wachikaso.
4. Lucia. Mtundu wa masamba ake ndi wachikaso.
5. Ireland. Nthambi zokwawa zimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira.

Chuma cha shiksha: kuvulaza ndi kupindula

Machiritso a shiksha

Shiksha imaphatikizapo saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, mafuta ndi mafuta ofunikira, ma resini, coumarins, benzoic ndi acetic acids, fructose, anthocyanins, carotene, ascorbic acid, andromedotoxin, dzuwa ndi zinthu zina.

Mankhwala osakaniza, ma decoctions ndi infusions amakonzedwa kuchokera ku chomera chotere, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati scurvy, khunyu, matenda amkati, matenda am'mimba, kupweteka kwamikodzo, matenda amkati, matenda a chiwindi ndi impso, mutu, matenda oopsa, matenda a metabolic, kukhumudwa, kukomoka, kutsegula m'mimba, ziwalo, edema ndi anthrax. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kunja kuchiritsa mabala, zilonda, zotupa ndi ziphuphu. Kutsekemera kwa masamba kumalimbitsa tsitsi.

Kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba zam'madzi kudzathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi madzi amaso komanso owuma. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera kuphatikiza 1 lita imodzi ya madzi owiritsa atsopano ndi supuni ziwiri zazikulu za udzu, muyenera kudikirira mpaka itawotcha. The kulowetsedwa utakhazikika pamafunika kusefedwa mwa kupyapyala, wokutidwa mu zigawo zitatu kapena zinayi. Kulowetsedwa kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'maso maola onse awiri ndi atatu.

Ndi mantha ochuluka, mankhwala omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku shiksha angathandizenso. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera kulumikiza theka la madzi owiritsa ndi mibulu ingapo yayikulu. Kusakaniza kumayikidwa pamoto wotsika kwa mphindi 5-7. Chotsani malonda pamoto, wokutani ndikudikirira mpaka ataziratu. Zakumwa zosefedwazo zimayenera kuledzera maulendo 4 kapena 5 patsiku, 3 zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Zowopsa

Pali zipatso za shiksha, ndipo ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kuchokera pamtengowu kwa munthu payekha wosabereka, komanso amayi oyembekezera komanso oyamwitsa.