Aconite - Wrestler woopsa komanso wokoma

Malinga ndi nthano yakale yachi Greek, aconite adamera malovu owopsa kuchokera kwa galu wothandizira, Cerberus, yemwe Hercules adamubweretsa kuchokera pansi pa nthaka mpaka pansi (gawo la khumi ndi limodzi la Hercules). Chomera "wrestler" chachitika chifukwa cha nthano ya ku Scandinavia: wrestler adakulira pamalo omwe amwalira a mulungu Thor, yemwe adagonjetsa njoka yoyizirayo ndikufa chifukwa chakuluma kwake. Ma poizoni aconite anali kudziwika kale kale: Achi Greek ndi achi China adapanga poizoni mivi kuchokera pamenepo, ku Nepal adawopseza nyambo ya nyama zazikuluzikulu komanso kumwa madzi mdani akaukira.

Wowonongera napellus, kapena Aconite napellus wopanga "Newry Blue" (Aconitum napellus 'Newry Blue'). © basswulf

Yang'anani! Zomera zonse, kuyambira pamizu mpaka mungu, zimakhala poizoni kwambiri.

Plutarch alemba kuti andewu aconite ankhondo a Mark Anthony adasiya kukumbukira, ndipo adasanza bile. Malinga ndi nthano, zidachokera ku aconite pomwe Khan Timur wodziwika adamwalira - chigaza chake chinali chokwanira ndi madzi a poizoni. Kuopsa kwa chomeracho kumachitika chifukwa cha ma alkaloids mmenemo (makamaka aconitine), omwe amakhudza gawo lamanjenje am'mimba ndikupangitsa kupweteka komanso ziwalo zam'mimba zopumira.

Kuopsa kwa aconite kumadalira malo omwe nthaka (dothi, nyengo), pazaka zam'mera - kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndizowopsa kwambiri, ndipo ku Norway, mwachitsanzo, zimawadyetsa ziweto. Amakhala mchikhalidwe, pamunda wachonde, aconite amataya poizoni pambuyo pa mibadwo ingapo.

Ntchito zamankhwala chomera ichi ndizosiyanasiyana; ku Tibet amatchedwa "mfumu ya zamankhwala", adathandizidwa ndi anthrax, chibayo; mu mankhwala wowerengeka ku Russia, wrestler adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wothandizira kunja. Mpaka pano, mitundu ina ya aconite yalembedwa mu Red Book.

Aconite, kapena Wrestler (Aconitum) - mtundu wa mungu wampweya wamchiwopsezo wa Ranunculaceae (Ranunculaceae).

Aconita chitsamba. © Glenlea Greenhouses

Kufotokozera kwa aconite

Mitundu ili ndi mitundu yopitilira 300, yomwe imapezeka m'malo otentha ku Europe, Asia ndi North America. Zomera zosatha kapena mizu ya herbaceous yokhazikika mosakhazikika - kawirikawiri - kutswanya kapena kutsitsa kumayambira 50-150 masentimita (kwa okwera mpaka 400 cm). Rhizomes oblong-ovate kuti 5 cm kutalika ndi 2 cm mulifupi. Kuzama kolowera mizu m'nthaka ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 30. Masamba ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa kanjedza, opendekera kapena olemedwa, wobiriwira wakuda, wopangidwa motsatana.

Maluwa osavomerezeka a buluu ndi amtambo, amtambo, ochepera, oyera komanso achikasu. Ma calyx okhala ngati corolla ali ndi manda asanu, kumtambako kumakhala chowoneka ngati chisoti, pansi pa chivundikiro chake pali miyala iwiri yomwe yasandulika timiyeso. Maluwa amatengedwa mu mtundu wophweka kapena nthambi ya mtundu wa maluwa mpaka 50 cm. Phulusa kuyambira Julayi mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Zipatso - tsamba lalikulu la masamba angapo, lokhala ndi mano owongoka kapena owongoka. Mbewu ndizochepa, imvi, bulauni komanso yakuda, mu 1 g mpaka 450 zidutswa, kusunga kumera kwa zaka 1-1,5.

Kutchuka kwambiri aconite napellusIye ndi wabuluu. Mtundu wovuta kusintha, womwe umapezeka kwambiri ku Europe, womwe nthawi zina umagawidwa m'mitundu yaying'ono yam'deralo. Mwachitsanzo, olimba aconite ndi aconite otsika amadziwika mu Carpathians, ndi wandiweyani aconite ku Alps.

Kusintha kwa mitunduyi, kukulolani kuti musankhe pamitundu yambiri, kunathandizira kuti kagawidwe m'minda, komanso kunayambitsa chisokonezo choyipa m'm mayina. Mitundu ina yapafupi, yomwe idalowetsedwanso pachikhalidwe, sizinawonjezere kumveka. Ndi panicle aconite - Mitundu yaku South Europe, yokhala ndi tsinde la nthambi. Maluwa pamitengo italiitali yotsekera amapanga burashi lotayirira, mbewu zokhala ndi mapiko 1. Aconite tasgated - ngati kulumikizana kwapakati pakati pawo, kuphatikiza Zizindikiro za onse awiri. Zimakumana nawo m'malo amodzi, makamaka, ku Carpathians. Ndipo pamapeto pake aconite kammarum toni ziwiri Shterka, kapena kaso - wosakanizidwa wammutu ndi wabuluu, zonse ndizosokoneza. Zimaphatikiza mawonekedwe a makolo onse awiri, koma zimakhala ndizosangalatsa, nthawi zambiri mtundu wamaluwa awiri. Izi zidathandizira kuti adakhala nthawi yayitali m'munda wathu, ndikulankhula ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana: "Bicolor" (''Bicolor') - nthambi yolimba, yokhala ndi maluwa ofupika a maluwa oyera okhala ndi malire. Album Ya Grandiflorum ('Album ya Grandiflorum') wokhala ndi masamba atali a maluwa oyera oyera, "Pinki Suction" (' 'Zomverera za pinki') pinki.

Wrestler, kapena Aconit Lamarck (Aconitum lamarckii). © Carl Lewis

Kulima aconite

Mitundu yambiri ya Aconite ndi yozizira kwambiri. Mukayika m'munda ndikofunikira kuti muzilingalire Aconite Antorra (Aconitum anthora) ndi Aconite Karmichel (Aconitum carmichaelii) ayenera kubzalidwe m'malo okwera. Zina zonse zimayanjanitsidwa mosavuta ndikulemba madzi.

Aconites amalekerera kupandukira bwino. Ndi bwino kuchita izi mu nthawi ya masika kapena yophukira, pomwe zimayambira sizinakulirepo kapena kudula kale. Kukula kwa dzenjelo kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti nthangala yake imalowemo momasuka. Asanabzale, dzenjelo limadzazidwa ndi feteleza wambiri wa mineral (15-20 g pa dzenje lobzala). Khosi la mizu limakulitsidwa ndi masentimita 1-2.

Aconite ndiwosavuta kufalitsa mwachilengedwe ndikugawa ma rhizomes: kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira, chitsamba chimagawika mosavuta zigawo. Kutalika kotsalira kuyenera kukhala osachepera 25-30 cm.

Kubelekanso ndizotheka ndi mbewu. Koma ku Aconites, mluza wa mbeuyo sukula kwathunthu, ndiye mbewu zimatha kumera patatha chaka, zikakhwima. Ndikotheka kukwaniritsa kumera kwa mbewu mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwam'mbuyomu, makamaka, stratization. Mbande nthawi zambiri zimamera pachaka cha 2-3. Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana pakabzala mbeu samasungidwa.

Kusamalira Aconite

Kusamalidwa kwa aconite ndichizolowezi: kumasula, kuvala pamwamba, kuchotsa, kuchotsa ma inflorescence owuma, m'nthawi youma - kuthirira.

Zomera nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew.

Hemsley Wrestler, kapena Aconitum Hemsleyanum. © beartomcat

Kubzala mbewu za aconite

Aconite amafalitsa ndi mbewu, kudula, kugawa chitsamba kapena mwana wamkazi tubers. Mbewu zofesedwa kumapeto kwa chaka chosonkhanitsa m'malo omata pang'ono ndi dothi lonyowa. Mphukira zimawonekera kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa. Ndi kufesa kwa masika, mbewu zimamera pakatha chaka ndipo kumera kwake kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Kutalikirana kwa magawo awiri ndikulimbikitsidwa: kutentha pa 20 ... 25 ° C pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndipo kuzizira pa 2 ... 4 ° C kwa miyezi itatu, pambuyo pake mbewu zimamera limodzi kutentha. Pakadutsa masamba amodzi kapena awiri, mbande za aconite zimakhazikika pamtunda wa 10 masentimita, ndipo mu kugwa zimabzalidwa malinga ndi dongosolo la 25 x 30. Zomera zazing'ono zimaphuka mu zaka 2-3. Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana pakabzala mbeu samasungidwa.

Kufalikira kwa aconite

Mitundu ya Rhizome ya aconite imagawika ndikubzalidwa masika, mitundu ya tuber kumapeto, mu theka loyamba la Seputembala. Mtunda pakubzala uyenera kukhala osachepera 25-30 cm, chifukwa tchire limakula mwachangu. Pofuna kusintha maluwa, ayenera kugawidwa zaka zinayi zilizonse ndikuziika kumalo atsopano. Pakulumikiza, ana audzu akuchepera 10-12 cm amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amapezeka kumayambiriro kwa masika kuchokera ku tubers okhala ndi masamba. Mphukira zachikulire sizikhala ndi mizu chifukwa chokumbukira.

Curly wrestler, kapena Aconitum curly (Aconitum volubile). © Ben Rushbrooke

Kugwiritsa ntchito aconite pakupanga kwamunda

Wrestler amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu ochepa ndi ang'onoang'ono, osakanikirana. Mawonekedwe akukwera ndiwowoneka modabwitsa pakuwunika malo asitepe ndi ma verandas. Aconite inflorescences angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maluwa. Kudula kumachitika pamene gawo limodzi mwa maluwa limaphuka. Ntchito mankhwala. Mitundu ina yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.

Ngakhale ma aconites amakongoletsa nyengo yonseyo chifukwa cha masamba okongola komanso okongola, maluwa amawonjezera chithumwa. Woyamba kutulutsamkulu wa aconite (Aconitum septentrionale- - kumapeto kwa Meyi maluwa ake amawululidwa. Wrestler zosagwirizana ndi ubweya (Aconitum lasiostomum), kenako Wrestler yoyera (Aconitum leucostomum) nyamula batoni mu Juni, mu Julayi alumikizana aconites oak (Wrestler ndi antiidote kapena Aconite AntoraAconitum anthora)), mantha (Munda wrestler (Aconitum cammarum)), mitundu ina ya kammarum, ndipo yatulutsa kale mu Ogasiti Fon wa fon (Aconitum fischeri), akukwera mitundu ndi ambiri pagululi mbatata wrestlerndimtambo (Aconitum napellus) Maluwa aconite ndiotalika, nthawi zambiri amatambika kwa mwezi umodzi kapena kupitilira.

Wrestler kapena Aconite ndi yoyera-yoyamwa, kapena yoyera-yoyamwa, kapena yoyera (Aconitum leucostomum). © Jan Wolf

Wrestler zosagwira wrestler (Aconitum lasiostomum). © Laumas Strazdinas

Wrestler kapena Aconit Fischer (Aconitum fischeri). © Caitlin W.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya aconite

Mbatata wrestler, kapena Aconite napellus ali Buluu wa Aconite (Aconitum napellus) kuchokera ku Eurasia. (Mwa njira, zozungulira za amonke amatchedwa "hood", chifukwa chake dzinalo loti hood). Ndi iye yemwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'minda yaku Russia. Tchuthi zazikulu (mpaka 2 m kutalika) zokhala ndi lilac yakuda, nthawi zina pafupifupi maluwa akuda samangokhala okongola nyengo yonseyo, komanso safunikira garter - masamba awo amakhala olimba komanso osasunthika. Pakatikati mwa mphuliwo chimazimiririka, zomwe zimayambira pachimake, ndiye chifukwa chake maluwa amatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Pali mitundu yachilengedwe yamtunduwu.

Pulactic aconite hood (Aconitum napellus subsp. nanum) Mpaka 1 mita wamtali. Maluwa ndi aimvi kapena oyera. Limamasula mu theka loyamba la Julayi.
Aconite napelliform mawonekedwe losefera (Aconitum napellus subsp. lobelii) Kutalika kwa 1.2-1.5 m. Maluwa mu inflorescence wandiweyani ndi amtambo kapena amtambo wabuluu. Ndipo mawonekedwe a Glechreise (Glecherries) - mawonekedwe okhala ndi maluwa oyera. Amaphukira kumayambiriro kwa Julayi.
Aconite piramidi hood mawonekedwe (Aconitum napellus subs. paniculatum) Kutalika kwa 1-1.5 m. Maluwa ndi ofiira-abuluu, okulirapo. Izi subspecies ndiye gwero la mitundu yokongola kwambiri. Maluwa 'Newry Blue' aquamarine. Limamasula kuyambira Julayi mpaka Ogasiti.
Aconite napellus mawonekedwe a tavric (Aconitum napellus subsp. tauricum) Kalulu amapanga kutalika kwa 60 cm.Coyambirira kuchokera kufupi ndi Salzburg ndi Tyrol.

Wankhondo napellus, kapena Aconite napellus (Aconitum napellus). © PETER GREENWOOD

Zosiyanasiyana za Aconite napellus:

'Chibonga cha Buluu' wokhala ndi maluwa amtambo wotuwa ndi malo oyera, wophatikizidwa ndi mabisiketi
'Bressingham Spire' (kutalika kwa 90 cm) - yofiirira.

Aconite matoni awiri (Aconitum bicolor) m'malo ena amatanthauza ma subspecies a aconite napellus, komabe, nthawi zambiri amakhala pawokha. Ndizofanana kwambiri, koma ma aconite ali ndi utoto wamitundu iwiri wamaluwa ndi oyera ndi mbali yakuda yamtambo.

Wrestler kapena Aconite bicolor (Aconitum bicolor).

Wrestler, kapena Aconite tasgated (Aconitum tasgatum) kuchokera kumapiri aku Central Europe. Nthambi zokongola zimakongoletsedwa ndi zitsamba. Zimayambira mpaka mpaka 2 m, masamba amatalika kwambiri, maluwa ndi akulu, amtambo, oyera ndi m'mphepete mwa buluu kapena oyera oyera. Nthawi ya maluwa - kumapeto kwa Julayi - Seputembara. Motley aconite amakhalanso ndi mitundu yachilengedwe:

Aconite mosagated chisomo mawonekedwe (Aconitum tasgatum subsp. gracile), mitundu yokongola komanso yosavuta kutalika, kutalika mpaka 1 m;
Aconite mosagated mawonekedwe a Judenberg (Aconitum tasgatum subsp. Judenbergense) yokhazikika molimba, koma osati yokhazikika kwambiri kuposa 2 m wamtali.

Wankhondo wamunda, kapena munda wa aconite (Aconitum cammarum) - wosakanizidwa ponseponse wopezeka mwa kuwoloka aconite napellus, mitundu iwiri ya aconite ndi aconite wa moton. Zofanana kwambiri ndi iwo, koma zimayambira ndizocheperako (zimafunikira kapeti wowala), masamba amawadula kukhala malo ocheperako, ndipo maluwa amakhala ndi chisoti chamtali. Pali mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi wandiweyani inflorescence, safuna garter. Malo abwino kwambiri a aconite x saber ndi amitundu kapena amtambo, koma amatetezedwa ku cheza chachindunji panthawi yotentha. Zosiyanasiyana zamunda wa aconite:

'Rubellum'- maluwa wotuwa pinki;
'Eleonora'- maluwa oyera oyera ngati chipale chofewa;
'Nachthimmel'- wokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu akuda kwambiri;
'Franz marc'ndi'Caerulleum'- wokhala ndi maluwa abuluu.

Kuphatikiza pa izi, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri komanso zosavuta kukula ma aconite, pali mitundu yambiri yosowa, koma yabwino kwambiri.

Wrestler wakumpoto, kapena Wrestler wamkulu, kapena Wrestler wamba (Aconitum septentrionale) Koyambira ku Sweden. Zofanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe aconite. Amasiyana ndi iwo pokhapokha pamtundu wamaluwa: ndizonyansa-lilac. Mitundu yake ya 'Ivorine' yokhala ndi maluwa oyera ndiyotchuka. Izi ndi mtundu wamaluwa ambiri, kuyamba kwa maluwa kumachitika kumapeto kwa Juni.

Wolf aconite (Aconitum lycoctonum) Koyambirira kuchokera ku Europe, amakula m'nkhalangozi, m'nkhalango zazitali komanso zowuma za m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Kutalika kwa mitengo yake kumachokera kutalika kwa 60 cm mpaka 2. Maluwa ake ndi amtundu wamtundu wa sulfure, ndipo kutalika kwa zisoti ndi pafupi kutalika kwa duwa.

Mankhwala olimbana, kapena Aconite Antora (Aconitum anthora) Mawonedwe a mapiri, kutalika 30 cm cm okha, kwawo - Alps, Pyrenees, Caucasus. Zoyambira zowongoka zovekedwa korona ndi maluwa akuluakulu a sulfure chikasu. Amakonda dothi losalowererapo komanso labwino. Pa chonde, chimakula mpaka 60-90 cm. Chimaphukira pakati pa Julayi.

Karmichel Wrestler, kapena Aconite Karmichel (Aconitum carmichaelii) Oyambirira ochokera Kummawa Okuya komanso China. Maonekedwe okongola kwambiri okhala ndi mitengo yayitali (mpaka 2 m) ndi maluwa akulu kwambiri. Limamasula mochedwa, kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - Seputembala, ndipo pokhapokha pamalo kotentha dzuwa. Maluwa ndi amtambo. Pali ma subspecies omwe ali ndi mtundu wamtambo wamtundu wa chimanga - mawonekedwe a aconite Karmichel ndi mawonekedwe a Wilson.

Zabwino kwambiri Curly Wrestler, kapena Curly Aconite (Aconitum volubile) wokhala ndi mapiko osinthika (oposa 2 m) wokutira mozungulira pazokuthandizira. Dziko lakwawo ndi Korea, Siberia. Masamba okongola osalala, maluwa okongola akofiirira akhungu lotseguka m'maso mwake, amafanana ndi masamba a silika aku China. Pali mawonekedwe ndi maluwa oyera. Mtunduwu umafuna mthunzi wosakhalitsa.