Tsabola wakuda wa mbatata ndi imodzi mwamipanda yoopsa komanso yoopsa ya muzu uwu ndi wolima dimba. Siziwononga mbewu zokha, zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwake komanso mtundu wake, komanso zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kukonzekera mbewu yanyumba. Kuti muthane ndi mbatata rhizoctonia (wotchedwa matenda), ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zomwe zili zabwino pakukula.
Choyambitsa matenda a rhizoctonia
Wothandizirana ndi nkhanambo yakuda ndiye parasitic komanso fungus wabwino kwambiri Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn. Ndizachilendo kuti mbatata sindiwo chikhalidwe chomwe amakonda. Fangasi wa parasitic imatha kukhala ndi makamu ena, onse pakati pa mbewu zam'munda (nightshade, dzungu, wopachika) komanso pakati pamsongole (munda mahatchi olima ndi udzu wofesa ndiwo amakonda kwambiri).
Zomera za bowa nthawi yachisanu zimakhala m'nthaka kwa zaka 4, ndipo nyengo yonyowa komanso yozizira imayamba kukhazikika, pomwe zimalemera kwambiri komanso kuvutitsa nthaka. Komanso, bowa wamasamba amapitilira pa tubers iwowo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu panthawi yosungirako kenako kupatsira mbande.
Mutha kudya mbatata zopatsirana, koma muzigwiritsa ntchito popanga - mulibe.
Mungamvetse bwanji kuti mbatata ndiyodwala?
Tsamba lakuda limawopseza mbatata pamilingo yonse yakukula. Kutengera m'mene izi zidachitika, ndikotheka kudziwa kuti chikhalidwechi chatenga kachizindikiro pazotsatira izi:
- masamba ophsa amakutidwa ndi ma tubercles akuda, nthawi zina kuphatikiza mu zophuka zolimba;
- posunga mbewu, muzu wa mbeu zowoneka zimayamba kuvunda;
- ngati mbatata idakwanitsa nthawi yozizira, zikumera zomwe zimapanga mchaka zimakhala zofiirira-zofiirira, zophuka kwambiri komanso zosalimba;
- pa tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi rhizoctonia, pomwe maluwa amatuluka, chikhomo choyera chikuwonekera pansi pa tsinde ndipo zimavunda;
- tchire zotsala sizikula, kukhala zotsika, masamba kuchokera pamwamba ayamba kusanduka ofiira ndi kupindika;
- mbatata achinyamata odwala nawonso amakhala ndi zilonda, ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimavunda.
Njira zoyendetsera
Nkhondo yolimbana ndi rhizoctonia makamaka imakhala njira zodzitetezera pofuna kuletsa kupangika kwa bowa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:
- Pangani mbewu musanabzike ndi fungicides (Maxim, Bactofit ndi ena).
- Manyowa panthaka ndi manyowa.
- Yang'anani kuzungulira kwa mbeu pabedi.
- Yambani kubzala pasadafike momwe kutentha kumafikira madigiri 8 Celsius ndipo osayika "m'manda" mizu kwambiri.
- Khalani ndi nthawi yokolola nyengo yozizirira komanso yonyowa yophukira isanakule zimathandizira kukulitsa bowa (mpaka Seputembala).
- Magawo onse a mbewu omwe ali ndi matenda a rhizoctoniosis, kuphatikiza namsongole, amatentha.
Ngati machubu okhala ndi nkhanambo zakuda akupezeka mbatata, ndibwino kusinthiratu mbewu zomwe zikubwerazo, ndikupeza mitundu yosagwirizana ndi matendawa.
