Nthawi yobzala petunia ya mbande - mbali za kukula kwa mbewu

Kukongola kwa petunia kwakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri kukhala maluwa otchuka komanso othandizira, mothandizidwa ndi omwe amakongoletsa mabedi a maluwa m'mundamo, makonde ndi zipika, mapaki amumzindawu ndi mabedi amaluwa. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, maluwa opaka bwino, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuwala kwa pamakhala, maluwa akulu komanso fungo labwino. Kukula ndi kusamalira chomera chovuta sichovuta. Koma, kuti muthe kupeza mbande, muyenera kudziwa malamulo a kukula kwa mbewu.

Kukula mbande za petunia - ntchito yokonzekera

Mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June pezani mbande zabwino ndipo nyengo yonse yachilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kusilira maluwa okongola, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yofesa mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuthana ndi mitundu, chifukwa gulu lililonse lazomera limakhala ndi nthawi yake yobzala.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Petunias

Onse petunias zimasiyana mitundu, ma hybrids, subspecies. Koma choyambirira, amagawika m'magulu akulu atatu.

Zitsamba ndizotsika, zazitali kapena zazitali ndipo zimakhala ndi mitundu ingapo:

• Miniature petunia ndi tchire mpaka 25 cm, pomwe maluwa ambiri amapangidwa mulifupi mwake osapitilira 4 cm.
• Mitundu yayikulu-yayikulu imasiyanitsidwa ndi tchire totalika (mpaka 60 cm) ndi maluwa akulu osavuta kapena awiriawiri okhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 12-13 cm.
• Ma tchire ophatikizika amamera mpaka 35cm. Amapanga maluwa apamwamba kapena awiriawiri okhala ndi masentimita 5-8, omwe amatulutsa maluwa mpaka chisanu.
• Fringed petunia ndi chitsamba chotalika masentimita 25 mpaka 75. Kusiyana kwake kwakukulu ndi maluwa okhala ndi mphonje m'mphepete mwake ndi mainchesi a 10-12 cm.

Gulu lina limaphatikizira ndi zazikulu, zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu iyi:

1. Zomera zapamwamba zakale ndi chitsamba chopanga "khoma" lokwanira ndi mphukira zolimba komanso zazitali.
2. Ma Miniature petunias ndi zitsamba zazitali komanso mphukira zazitali ndi masamba osiyanasiyana okhala ndi masentimita 3. Mtunduwu ndiwothina.
3. Mtundu wobiriwira wolimba ndi chitsamba chamaluwa oyenda mosiyanasiyana.

Kugawa pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu:

1. Mtundu wakale ndi mbewu yomwe imakhala ndi mapesi ataliitali opendekera pansi ndi masamba a masentimita angapo a mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
2. Giant ikugwetsa petunia ndi chitsamba chokhala ndi mphukira zazitali zazitali zomwe zimakula mpaka 150 cm. Maluwa okongola ambiri ali ndi mainchesi 5 cm.

Kubzala?

Kubzala masiku kumadalira gulu lomwe adasankhandi pamene duwa lidzabzyala panthaka. Mitundu yayikulu ya mbande yobzalidwa mu Marichi.

Kukhala wamkulu michere yambiri yamasambaMbewu zake zimabzalidwa mu Januware. Zomera ziyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yoti zikulire mphukira, pomwe masamba angapo adzapangika. Mitundu yaying'ono-yoyera imabzalidwa komaliza, popeza imaphuka koyamba. Mbewu za petuni zobiriwira zimabzalidwa mu February ndi March.

Malangizo a Mbewu

Mbeu zokhala bwino sizingaberekeke, choncho muyenera kuzifotokozera mwanzeru. Kutsatira malangizidwe a wamaluwa odziwa ntchito, mutha kusankha mbewu zapamwamba:

1. Mbewu zotsika mtengo ndizotheka kukhala zabodza. Zobzala zapamwamba kwambiri siziyenera kulipira ndalama zosakwana 20 ruble phukusi lililonse.
2. Mkhalidwe wokhazikitsidwa mu zidutswa 5-10 m'thumba limodzi. Simuyenera kugula phukusi ndi zinthu zodzalamo, zomwe kuchokera zadothi 100 kapena zingapo.
3. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugula maluwa amtsogolo m'sitolo. Ma granules amayenera kukhala abwino, motero ndibwino kuwagula m'masitolo apadera.
4. Zofanana zana limodzi ndi abwino kwambiri ali ndi njere, zodzala ndi botolo.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, ndikofunikira kulabadira chilichonse chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa.

Kukonzekera kwamphamvu ndi nthaka

Kukula mbande kumafuna luso linalake. Mabokosi akulu safunikira iye. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma kaseti apadera utali wosiyanasiyana, makapu apulasitiki kapena mapiritsi a peat. Kutalika kwa mbande yosankhidwa kuyenera kukhala osachepera 10 cm. Mbeu za petuni zokulirapo zitha kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo mumiphika yapadera.

Nthaka yofesa mbande imakonzekera bwino nthawi yayitali. Ubwino wa mbande zimatengera kapangidwe ndi nthaka. Nthaka yokwanira komanso yotentha yokwanira imafunika, yomwe ikhoza kukhala iyi:

• munda wamunda;
• mchenga;
• peat;
• humus.

Chilichonse chimasakanikirana magawo ofanana ndipo kufalitsa m'mbale miphika. Kusakaniza kwapadera kwa dothi kungagulidwe pa malo ogulitsa maluwa. Ndikofunika kumudyetsa ndi feteleza ndi potaziyamu, phulusa (0,5 l pa 5 kg ya dothi), ndikuwonjezeranso perlite. Asanadzaze thanki yam'munda ndi nthaka, pansi pake kuyenera kuyikidwapo ndi ngalande zazing'ono.

Momwe mungabzala duwa la mbande?

Nayi malamulo:

1. Kufesa kumachitika kokha mu dothi lochiritsidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.
2. Mbewu zing'onozing'ono zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga kapena dothi ndikugawa padziko lapansi. Simuyenera kuwaza iwo pamwamba.
3. Mbeu za peeled tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe pamapiritsi a peat. Kuti muchite izi, ma peat pellets omwe ali ndi recess up amayikidwa pa tray ndikudzazidwa ndi madzi ofunda. Zonsezo zitakula ndikuwongola, mbewu imaponyedwera. Ndiwosavuta kulima mbande m'mapiritsi.
4. Zopangira pulasitiki kapena mbande zam'mipanda zokhala ndi mbewu zobzalidwa pamwamba zimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena polyethylene. Izi ndizofunikira kuti dothi la pamwamba lisanime, ndipo tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono tidapangira mbewu.
5. Kubzala kuyenera kuchitika mu dothi lonyowa kale. Simungathe kuthilira madzi kuchokera kumtunda, apo ayi, mukapanikizika ndi madzi, imatha kulowa pansi, kenako kumera mochedwa kwambiri kapena osadzuka konse.

Mpaka mbande yoyamba itaphukira, chisamaliro chimayenera kukhala chadothi chatsiku ndi tsiku ndikuipukuta ndi mfuti. Zinyalala zam'munda zimayikidwa m'malo otentha. Zomera zoyambirira ziyenera kuonekera pambuyo pa masiku 5. Popeza malo obzala ayenera kukhala ochulukirapo, ayenera kuduladula, kusiya zokhazika zolimba kwambiri za mbande.

Chimakhala ndi chisamaliro cha mbande

Zikamera zikamera ndipo tsamba lenileni limapezeka, muyenera kuchotsa galasi muchombocho ndikusunthira kumalo owala bwino ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 16.

Kusamalira mbewu kumafuna kulondola. Zomera zazing'ono zimayenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse, kuwongolera mtsinje wa madzi mwamphamvu pansi pazu. Ngati madontho agwera pamasamba, ndiye kuti ayenera kugwedezeka. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kumasula dothi nthawi ndi nthawi kuti kutumphuka kusakhalepo. Ndikosatheka kuthilira petini kwambiri, apo ayi mwina mbewuyo imadwala ndi "mwendo wakuda".

Tsamba lenileni likawoneka pa chomera chaching'ono, mutha kuyamba kutola mbande. Idumphira pansi ndikukula mbande Azifuna m'magawo osiyana momwe zingamuthandizire kukulira. Zomera zomwe zayimitsidwa kale m'mbale kapena poto za peat sizifunika kuti zikumbiridwe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito spatula yaying'ono iliyonse tumphuka pang'ono pansi ndi kuyikidwa mu chidebe china ndi dothi. Mtengowo umalimbikitsidwa kuti udalitsidwe masamba oyamba owona. Kutsegulira kotereku kumathandizira kumanga mizu yowonjezera, kuti tchire limakula bwino ndikuphuka kwambiri. Zomera zobzalidwa zimathiriridwa kuchokera kumwamba.

Kwa tchire tating'onokuyang'anira kwapadera komwe kumafunikira ndi chisamaliro chokwanira. Zitha kuthiridwa ndikuwuma, ndikofunikira kudyetsa ndi kutsina. Koyamba kuti mbande zibzalidwe masabata 2,5 mutabzala ndi feteleza wapadera wamadzimadzi maluwa. Kuti tchire likhala nthambi, mbewuzo zimakhwima.

Kubzala mbande panthaka

Pakati pa Meyi, petunia ikhoza kubzalidwa panthaka. Izi zisanachitike pakatha milungu iwiri, mbande ziyenera kulimbikitsidwa. Popeza chomera chimakonda kuunikira bwino, dzuwa, malo otetezedwa amasankhidwa chifukwa chake.

Dothi likhala lopanda dongo komanso lotayirira. Pmusanafikire idawonjezeredwa potaziyamu sulfate, phulusa, humus. Ngati tchire zibzalidwe m'miphika, ndiye kuti zosakaniza za dothi ziyenera kusankhidwa mosamala. Iyenera kukhala ndi izi:

• pepala;
• mchenga;
• peat;
• kamba.

Onjezani zipatso zadothi kuti muwonjezere nthaka.

Musanabzalire pabedi lamaluwa, ndikofunikira kuti utsiwule chomera ndi yankho la epin. Kuchita koteroko kumamupangitsa kuti asamutsire pang'ono kupweteka komanso kulimbitsa chitetezo chake ku matenda osiyanasiyana.

Nthaka mozungulira mbande zomwe zidabzalidwa m'nthaka ziyenera kuzikika ndi manyowa. Sabata imodzi mutabzala, mbewuzo zimadyetsedwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein (1:10). Ndikofunika kuthilira petunia pansi pa muzu ndi pafupipafupi kotero kuti popewa kukokoloka kwa madzi ndikuuma kuchokera panthaka. Muyenera kudyetsa tchire kawiri pamwezi ndi Kemira-Lux kapena nitrophos.

Malangizo ena othandiza

Kukula sikumangotsatira malamulo onse, komanso kumakhala ndi nzeru zake:

1. Kuti mbande zisatambule, amafunika kuyatsa bwino. Itha kuperekedwa mothandizidwa ndi kuwunikira kwa fluorescent munyengo yachisanu, kukakhala kulibe dzuwa lokwanira.
2. Mphukira kumayambiriro kwa kukula ndizochepa kwambiri, kotero zimatha kuphwa msanga. Mbande zikuyenera kuyang'aniridwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuthirira nthawi.
3. Peel sayenera kuloledwa kuwonekera pansi, apo ayi mbewu zazing'ono zimatha kukula.
4. Ngati mbande imakulitsidwa, imathanso kuwaza ndi dothi losakaniza.
5. Kukula mumiphika, obzala kapena zina, petunias kuyenera kudyetsedwa nthawi zambiri kuposa zomwe zidabzalidwa panthaka.
6. Kuti tibweretsenso funde lomwe limathamanga, tchire lomwe linazimiririka liyenera kudulidwa.
7. Osasiya maluwa mumvula yamphamvu. Izi zitha kusokoneza maluwa oyenda bwino.

Kudziwa malamulo onse ndikutsatira mosamala malingaliro a olima dimba, kupeza mbande zapamwamba sizikhala zovuta. Mukabzala petunia patsamba lanu kapena khonde, mumakonda maluwa amenewa mpaka kalekale ndipo mudzachikulitsa chaka chilichonse, kusilira pachimake mpaka chisanu.