Calla ndi dzina la chomera chokongoletsera kwambiri cha banja la Aroidae (Araceae) wokhala ndi masamba okongola ndi masamba oyambira maluwa. Kwawo kwa Kalla ndi ku South Africa, kuchokera komwe makolo amakono a mitundu yamakono ya gladioli adabwera kwa ife.
© Cillas
Kalila (lat. Kalila) ndi mtundu wamvula yolekerera pamtambo kapena zomera zobiriwira zam'mphepete mwa banja la Aroidae, kapena Aronnikovye (Araceae). Mitundu ndiyoyimira yekhayo wa gulu la a Kalloideae ndipo ikuphatikiza mtundu umodzi wokha, Swamouse (Calla palustris L.).
Zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera kotentha kupita kumadera otentha a gawo lonse lakumpoto. Imapezeka kumadera ambiri a Russia, kuyambira ku Europe kupita ku Siberia ndi Far East.
Chomera chokhala marsh chimakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje, m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Chomera ngati chomera chokongoletsera, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe.
Pambiri maluwa, mbewu zimafunikira nyengo (kuyambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi), kotero, kuthirira nthawi imeneyi kumachepetsedwa kwambiri; Mu Julayi-Ogasiti, amaziika mumiphika yayikulu kapena dothi la malo obiriwira kukhala chosakanizika chabwino cha dongo loboweka ndi humus, pambuyo pake kuthirira kumachulukitsidwa ndipo mbewu zimaphatikizidwa pafupipafupi ndi feteleza wa michere ndi michere. Kutentha kwa mpweya m'malo obisalamo kutentha kumapeto kumayenera kukhala 8-10 °, poyambira maluwa ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuwonjezere mpaka 12-15 °. Mitundu yambiri yosakanizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri imalimidwa; Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Perle von Stuttgart (Pearl von Stuttgart) wokhala ndi inflorescence yayikulu.
© Eric Hunt
Kubzala mumphika
Sansani timizu tina togula kuchokera pagawo (momwe timasungiramo) momwe timasungidwira panthawi ya mayendedwe, ndikuyika yankho la feteleza wapadera wodziyimira babu kwa maola 1-2.
Pamene tubers 'ikusamba,' konzani mphika ndikuwadzadza ndi gawo lapansi.
Pa kukula kwabwino ndi maluwa, ma callas amafunika dothi lochulukirapo, kotero kuti ngakhale timachubu ting'onoting'ono kwambiri timafunika poto wosiyana wa malita 2-2,5.
Pansi pa mphikawo, ikani ngalande yayikulu yomata ndi 4-5 masentimita, kenako ndikutsanulira m'nthaka michere.
Kutalika kwa dothi kuyenera kusankhidwa kuti osachepera 10 cm akhale mpaka m'mphepete mwa mphika.
Pukuta dothi ndikuthira pansi ndi yankho la feteleza wapadera kuti muzuwo mu babu.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito fetelezayu chifukwa chovala pamwamba, popeza kapangidwe kake kamasankhidwa mwanjira yoti amathandizire kupanga mizu ndi kukula kwamaluwa amaluwa pazomera. Pazovala zapamwamba kwambiri nthawi yakula komanso isanayambike maluwa, feteleza wapadera wa ma corms akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pa nkhani ya "Flower Planeti" kapena "Munda wa Zozizwitsa".
Mphika utatha kukonzekera ndi dothi, mutha kuyimilira tuber. Koma, choyamba, iphunzire ndi kudziwa komwe ili ndi chapamwamba komanso pansi. Calla tuber ndi yosalala (yambiri) pansipa komanso momveka bwino “rosette” pamwamba. "Makamu" ozungulira "malo ogulitsira" ndizomwe zimayambira m'tsogolo. Ndibwino ngati, pa nthawi yomwe bulb imatenga, "nkhonya "zi zidatupa kale ndikuyeretsa - izi zikusonyeza kuti tuber ndi moyo ndipo iyamba kukula ikangolowa pansi. M'pofunika kuyala tuber mu nthaka ndi "malo ogulitsa" mmwamba.
Tizilombo titaikidwa m'dothi lonyowa, timawaza pamwambapa ndi dothi lathanzi lomwelo. Pali gawo limodzi la kukula kwa callas - amafunikira kubzala kosazama, i.e. ma rhizomes ayenera atangophimbidwa ndi nthaka, chifukwa ndikamatenga mwakuya amawapangitsa kuti avunde. Chifukwa chake, dothi pamwamba pa tuber liyenera kukhala masentimita 1-2.
Tumba lomwe tangobzala kumene silithiriridwa madzi, ndipo mumphika umasamutsidwira kumalo otentha otetezedwa kuti akonzekedwe. Popeza callas ndi mbewu za hygrophilous, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti dothi siliphwa. Pochita zamaluwa ena, kuthirira ma callas awo kumapezeka kokha kuchokera ku pallet komanso kokha ndi madzi ofunda.
Kamodzi pa sabata, feteleza wa ma corms amatha kuwonjezeredwa ndi madzi kuthirira. Poyamba, mphukira zimawoneka ngati zotuwa kwambiri, koma patatha masiku angapo zimasanduka zobiriwira ndikuyamba kukula mwachangu. Mphukira zimawoneka pafupifupi sabata ziwiri mutabzala.
© Digigalos
Calla poyera
Anthuwa atangowopseza chisanu, calla ali wokonzeka kupita kunthaka. Musanaikulirane, thirani madzi ambiri kuti nthawi yopatsirana isawononge dongo, monga Munthawi imeneyi, mizu ya chomera, ngakhale yayikulu, ndiyosalimba.
Kalla amakonda nthaka yamtundu wa asidi, motero kusakaniza kwa peat, humus, nthaka yamasamba ndi mchenga (1: 1: 1: 0.5) ndi oyenera. Mukamadyetsa (m'magawo onse a kukula), kumbukirani kuti feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni amangokulitsa unyinji wobiriwira ndikuwononga maluwa. Kukula kwa thengo ndi kuchuluka kwa ma peduncle pa icho zimatengera mwachindunji kukula kwa babu omwe wabzala.
Babu wamba (diamu 5-7cm) limapanga chitsamba 30-30 cm, kutalika kwa masentimita 30 mpaka 70. Mwana amatulutsa masamba angapo ndi maluwa awiri.
Calla limamasula kuyambira June mpaka Okutobala koyambirira. Duwa lililonse limakhala kukongoletsa pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka. Chiwerengero cha ma paulendo pa icho (mosamala mosamalitsa) chiyenera kukhala kuchokera pazidutswa 7 mpaka 12.
Nthawi yopumula
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati callam ili mpumulo?
Monga lamulo - nthawi yayitali maluwa a calla ali pampata, ndipamenenso amakula anyezi. Komabe, onani nyengo. Pamaso pa kuzizira, muyenera kukumba chomera, kutsuka tubers ndikuyika mu malo owuma amdima. Osadula masamba, lolani kuti tubers atenge zomaliza kuchokera kwa iwo. Masabata ndi theka adzakhala kosavuta kudzipatula. Pambuyo pake, dulani kwathunthu mizu. Musalekanitse maina am'mimba kuchokera kwa mayi tuber, lolani ana kuti akule pang'ono. Finyani nkhola zam'madzi za calla ndi makala osadulidwa musanatengeke kupita ku nyumba. Amawuma nthawi yomweyo ndikuwasambitsa. Tubers iyenera kusungidwa mufiriji, chipinda chamasamba. Ma callas amapuma m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena khonde lotsekeka.
Kutentha kosungirako kuyenera kukhala +2 - + 7C. Pamatenthedwe apamwamba, tubers timamera.
Nthawi yopumulayo iyenera kukhala miyezi 1.5-2 (popanda nthawi yopuma, ma callas satulutsa).
© Zubro
Kalasi Care
Nthawi zambiri amalemba za maluwa a calla: "limaphukira kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo." Sizingakhale choncho! Disembala, Januwale ndi Febere m'malo obadwira maluwa a calla - ku South Africa - nthawi yachilimwe, yotentha ndipo nthawi zina imakhala youma. Ndi munthawi imeneyi pomwe calla amakhala m'malo opuma. Zimadzuka m'moyo kugwa, kutentha kwa mpweya kusaposa +20 - +22 C, ndipo mvula imagwa. Chifukwa chake, pachimake cha pachimake cha calla chimapezeka m'chilimwe chathu (Juni-Julayi-Ogasiti) - motero, nyengo yozizira yaku South Africa. Chifukwa chiyani kuvutitsa cholengedwa mwakufanizira chisanu "chisanu" nthawi yawo yozizira, ndikugwetsa dongosolo lamoyo la duwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi? Komanso, kubwerera ku chizolowezi cha calla wamba kumatipatsa mwayi watsopano - kukongoletsa dimba ndi mbewu zabwino izi. Osati yozizira, koma yeniyeni. Khalani omasuka kumasula maluwa a calla!
Calla amatchedwa "duwa" la chophimba (chivundikiro), pomwe "kandulo" yachikaso ya inflorescence-cob imakutidwa. Maluwa a calla enieni ndi ang'ono komanso nondescript, koma onunkhira kwambiri.. Fungo lawo limafanana ndi fungo la vanila.
Musadzaze tubers, musakhale mopitilira muyeso ma rhizomes!
Mbali ya pansi pa maluwa a calla m'mabuku siifotokoza konse, kapena imayankhulidwa mwanjira inayake. Calla aliyense ali ndi tubers, kapena ma rhizomes, kapena "tuberoid rhizomes." Zinapezeka zosavuta. Zomera zina, zomwe zimachokera ku calla waku Itiyopiya, gawo la pansi panthaka ndi nthiti. Ena omwe makolo awo ndi calla Eliott ndi calla Remann ali ndi tubers. Onsewa akumva bwino m'mundamo.
© Hedwig Storch
Malangizo Othandiza Pokumba ndi Kusunga Malabala a Kalila
1. Mukakumba ndikuyeretsa timachuzu tating'onoting'ono totsikira pansi, musayesetse kuchita motere - mutha kuthyola timachubu tambiri kapena timibowo tosapsa. Tizilombo toyambitsa timuyo timapsa nthawi yachisanu podzipatula ku chomera cha mayi ndikuzisakaniza ndi khungu, kenako titha kudzipatula. Osadula macers a calla ndi mpeni. Patsani mafuta onse owonongeka ku tubers ndi wobiriwira wonyezimira.
2. Ngati mumadula masamba a maluwa a calla, koma osadula mizu - mbewuyo imasunthira msanga kukukula (makamaka chipinda chofunda). Chifukwa chake, kuchotsa masamba a zelyescia - muyenera kudulira mizu! Zomera zomwe zakungidwa kumene, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchotse mizu kapena masamba ndi manja anu, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma denti akuya mu tuber kapena kusiya zidutswa zake.
3. Ngati muli ndi malo okwanira m'chipinda chozizira (kuchokera pa +5 mpaka +15 digiri) (mwachitsanzo, ku kanyumba), ndiye kuti tikulipirirani, musadule masamba ndi mizu ya callas, koma ikani mbewuzo m'mabokosi kapena mabeseni. Asiye mu mawonekedwe awa kwa masabata 1-2 kuti kusintha kosavuta kwambiri kwa ma tubers a mbewu kukhale mpumulo. Poterepa, michere ya masamba ndi mizu ipita ku tuber. Masamba ndi mizu zimalumikizana, kenako mutha kuzilekanitsa ndi tuber - ngakhale ndi manja anu.
4. Pezani maluwa a calla omwe asinthidwa kale ndi zinthu za ku Russia - ndiye kuti simudzakhala ndi vuto lotopetsa mopambanitsa, kuwola ndi masika a masika obzala. Komanso mupewa zokhumudwitsa chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa magalimoto m'mzaka zoyambirira za Kulimidwa kwa Zeedes, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri ndi mbewu zakunja.
© Fanghong
Kufalitsa kwa calla
Ma callas amafalitsidwa ndi ana a nodule, omwe amalekanitsidwa ndi chizimba cha mbewu ya chiberekero. Zomera zam'mimba ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono, zathanzi, zokhwima komanso zamtendere. Ana akuchokera 10 mpaka 30 zidutswa. Kukula kwawo kumachokera ku masentimita 0.5-1,5. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timafunika kuti tikule. Kuti muchite izi, konzani nthaka yomasulira, ndikuthira m'mabokosi kapena poyimitsa. Tubers obzalidwa m'mabokosi okhala ndi kuya kwa 6-7 masentimita, kuwaza ndi masentimita 3-4 a dothi lotayirira.
Pamalo 1 mita lalikulu, mpaka ana 500 mwa ana aang'ono kwambiri amabzala. Kubwera kwa tsamba loyamba, mbewu zazing'ono zimabzalidwe zochulukirapo: 6 × 7 cm, (ma PC pafupifupi 300. Per 1 sq. M).
Kuti mukule bwino komanso kukula bwino, mbewu zazing'ono zimafunikira: kutentha kwa kutentha kwa 16-18 °, kulima pafupipafupi komanso kuthirira. Mtundu wachiwiri ukawoneka, mbewu zizidyetsedwa mwezi uliwonse ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu. Ma feteleza a Phosphate mu mawonekedwe a granules amawonjezeredwa ku zosakaniza zapadziko lapansi pokonzekera.
Chilimwe choyamba, mbewu zazing'ono zimabzalidwa popanda nthawi yopuma, ndiye kuti, zimapitiliza kumasula nthaka, madzi ndi kudyetsa. M'chilimwe chachiwiri (mu Ogasiti-Seputembala), mbewu zimabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika.
Matenda
Callas akuvutika ndi zithunzi zoyambitsidwa ndi mbatata X virus. Masamba oyera akulu akulu amakulu amawoneka pamasamba a callas odwala, omwe pambuyo pake amaphatikizana ndi mikwingwirima yomwe imayenda m'mitsempha, tsamba la masamba. Chomera chodwala chikukula ndikuphuka.
Wothandizirana ndi causative amatumizidwa pang'ono ndi madzi. Imagawidwa makamaka mu inoculation ya tubers, momwe simataya ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Callas ndizokongoletsa bwino bwino m'munda wanu! Kukoma mtima kwawo, chidwi chake mosakaikitsa chimakhudza ngodya iliyonse ya munda! Kuyembekezera ndemanga zanu!
