Asparagus kapena katsitsumzukwa ndimtundu wambiri mu banja la dzina lomwelo Asparagaceae. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwaposachedwa, botanists apeza ndikufotokozera pafupifupi mitundu mazana atatu a mitundu ya mbewu zamtunduwu, ndipo mwa iwo pali mitundu yodalirika, yamankhwala, komanso yokongoletsera. Mitundu yambiri ya katsitsumzukwa ndi mbewu zosatha zomwe zimawoneka ngati zitsamba ndi mitengo, mipesa ndi mbewu zambiri.
Pazina la "katsitsumzukwa" katsitsumzukwa wamba kapena mankhwala enaake, omwe amakulitsidwa ngati mbewu yakucha yamasamba, amadziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi. Koma mitundu yambiri ikuluikulu idalimidwa chifukwa cha masamba otseguka osadziwika. Masiku ano, mitundu yokongoletsa komanso yofunika kwambiri ya katsitsumzukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira nyumba ndi minda yazungulira dziko lapansi.
Kunyumba, katsitsumzukwa kanakhala kolekezera kusamalira ndi kusamalira mbewu, kumera modzifunira ndi kuphuka. Pali mitundu ingapo yotchuka kwambiri yamkati.
Asparagus asparagus (A. Asparagoides)
Asparagus asparagus adayamba kufotokozedwa ndikugawidwa ndi C. Linnaeus mu 1753, koma chikhalidwe chidayamba kukhala chamtundu wa Asparagus kokha mu 1909. Zowonadi, nzika zamtunduwu zakumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Africa sizimawoneka ngati abale ake otchuka.
Msuzi wokongola wa katsitsumzukwa amaimira mpesa wokhala ndi masamba atatu mpaka atatu. Ma phyllocladias, omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa masamba, koma makamaka popeza zimayambira za mbewuyi ndizopanda pake, zosalala, zonyezimira. Kutalika kwa "pepala" ili ndi 2 cm, kutalika kumakhala kutalika kawiri.
Pazoyerekeza, maluwa, monga chithunzi cha katsitsumzukwa, amawonekera kuyambira Julayi mpaka Seputembala. Zing'ono ndi fungo labwino. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, m'malo mwake, woyamba wobiriwira kenako zipatso zofiira-carmine zimamangidwa.
Mtundu wa katsitsumzukwa sungatchedwe kuti wozizira. Koma monga mbewu yokongoletsera m'nyumba, ndiyotchuka.
Pakati pa olima maluwa mutha kumva dzina lina la mbewuyo - ma avaragus Mediolode, komanso kwawo, komanso ku Australia ndi New Zealand, komwe kwakhala kwawo kwachiwiri, amatcha liana kuti ukwati kapena chophimba. Cholinga chake ndikuti mbewu yobzala bwino imapanga mawonekedwe okongola otseguka, amakumbukira chophimba cha mkwatibwi.
Ngakhale kutchuka kwake ku Australia, mitundu ya zokwawa ya katsitsumzukwa imadziwika kuti ndi udzu womwe umadzetsa ngozi yayikulu pamunda waulimi.
Dense katsitsumzukwa (A. densiflorus)
Mitundu ya katsitsumzukwa, yomwe ili ponseponse ndipo imakondedwa ndi olima dimba, ndiyomera yobiriwira, yobiriwira, yomwe, kutengera mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, itha kukhala chofiyira kapena chotengera. Zomera zimalekerera dzuwa lowala bwino, ndipo monga zimakhalira nzika zaku South Africa, zimakhala ndi timizere ting'onoting'ono.
Densiflorus yamtundu wa Asparagus imamera m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'chigawo cha KwaZulu-Natal kumwera kwa Africa. Zomera sizigwirizana ndi chilala, osakhudzika ndikuchokera munthaka, koma mofunitsitsa kukula ndi kuphuka polemera mu dothi lonyowa.
Mitundu yazomera imasiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu ndi mitundu. Zomera zambiri, zimayambira mpaka mita imodzi ndipo zimatha kukhala zowongoka kapena kuzika, monganso chipika cha Sprenger chomwe chimayenda kwambiri. Ili ndiye mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wamtundu wa densiflorus.
Maluwa a katsitsumzukwa kamene kamayenda pang'ono ndi kakang'ono, nthawi zambiri koyera kapenauwa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamafuta onunkhira kwambiri a katsitsumzukwa, ndipo fungo lokoma lomwe limachokera pachomera limafalikira mozungulira. Maluwa samakhazikika ndipo amatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri ndipo amagwera pachilimwe ku South Africa.
M'malo mwa maluwa pambuyo povunditsidwa, kumawonekera, monga chithunzi cha katsitsumzukwa, zipatso zofiira zowoneka bwino zokhala ndi nthangala imodzi yakuda.
Asparagus wamera kwambiri Sprenger kuthengo ndipo akadzakula m'mundamo ndi chivundikiro. M'mphika wachikhalidwe, mphukira yaying'ono imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofukula, ndiye, ikafika kutalika kwa mita, ikafuna. Zomera zimakula bwino padzuwa, zikagunda pamthunzi, zimayambira zimatambasulidwa, ndipo zobiriwira zimasanduka zoyera.
Ma phallocladies a katsitsumzukwa kamtunduwu satsika 2-2,5 cm kutalika, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 1-2 mm. Zimayambira zimayikidwa m'magulu. Pakatikati, maluwa oyera kapena oyera ngati pinki amawonekera pa katsitsumzukwa. Pambuyo pakucha, zipatso mpaka 5mm m'mimba mwake zimapangidwa ndi matani a lalanje kapena ofiira ndipo zimakhala ndi nthangala zakuda. Mizu yake imakhala ndi nthambi zambiri ndipo imakhala ndi mizu yopyapyala ndi ma tubers ovuta, omwe mbewuyo imatha kufalikira.
Izi katsitsumzukwa zomwe zikuwonetsedwa m'chithunzichi zimawoneka bwino ndikakulira mumthunzi kapena pang'ono. Asparagus wa mitundu densiflorus yamitundu Meyersii amadziwika ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri chomera chimatchedwa foxtail fern, katsitsumzukwa ka fern kapena Meyers katsitsumzukwa.
Kutalika kwa nthumwi ya katsitsumzukwa kamene kamafika masentimita 60, pomwe chitsamba chimakhala ndi mizere yayitali yofewa kuchokera ku malo wamba. Tchire limakhala lopangana kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo limakongoletsa kwambiri komanso kuyamikiridwa ndi maluwa. Mphukira zokutira zimakutidwa ndi singano zofewa zowoneka bwino zobiriwira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tsinde lake lizioneka ngati mphaka kapena mchira wa nkhandwe. Maluwa ndi ochepa, oyera. Zipatso - ozungulira zipatso zofiira.
Kuthengo, Meyers asparagus imatha kupezeka kumwera kwa Africa ndi ku Mozambique.
Asparagus amitundu densiflorus ya mitundu Cwebe ndi wachibale wa mbewu zomwe tafotokozazo, koma mosiyana ndi katsitsumzukwa wa Sprenger wotuluka pang'ono, ndi bwino kugwira mawonekedwe ake, ndipo mphukira zake zazing'ono zimakhala ndi padera, papo kapena lofiirira.
Umu ndi mtundu umodzi wokha womwe dzuwa limaphatikizidwa, ndipo chomeracho chimavumbula bwino kukongoletsa kwake mumithunzi yowala.
Crescent Asparagus (A. Falcatus)
Mtengo wobadwira ku Mozambique ndi South Africa, ndi umodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kunyumba, ku South Africa, minda yodwala ya chinangwa imapangidwa kuti iteteze malire a malo. Ndipo ntchito yomera siyodabwitsa, chifukwa mtundu uwu wa katsitsumzukwa umakhala wautali, nthambi zamitengo yokwanira 7 mita. Chithandizocho chikakonzedwa, ana, udzu wobiriwira amazunguliza ndipo pamapeto pake amasanduka khoma lolimba lomwe lili ndi minga.
Masamba a crescent katsitsumzukwa, monga pachithunzichi, ndimtchire yakuda, yopyapyala, yopindika. Chomera chimamasuka, ndikupanga mitundu ya maluwa a inflemose, kuphatikiza maluwa 5 onunkhira a mtundu oyera. Kucha zipatso kumakopa mbalame zambiri kusaka nthiti zakuda zobisika pansi pa chigamba chofiiracho.
Mtundu uwu wa katsitsumzukwa umadziwika ndi kukula kwambiri ndipo umatha kumera onse mumthunzi komanso dzuwa lowala. Chomera chimakhala chofanana ndi kuthirira, chofesedwa ndi mbewu komanso kugawanika kwa chitsamba chachikulire.
Brash katsitsumzukwa (A. racemosus)
Raspid asparagus kapena racemosus ndiamene amakhala ku Nepal, India ndi Sri Lanka. Apa chomera chimadziwika bwino pansi pa dzina loti satavar kapena shatavari.
Mtengowo umakhala wamtunda wa mita imodzi mpaka ziwiri, ndipo, mwachilengedwe, umakonda kuzika mizu ndi dothi, miyala yambiri komanso miyala ikuluikulu. Ku botany, mitundu ya katsitsumzukwa imafotokozedwa mu 1799 ndipo kuyambira pamenepo sanatayebe kutchuka, ndipo amapeza anthu omwe amawakonda osati chodzikongoletsera komanso chomera chobiriwira.
Cystic katsitsumzukwa m'maphunziro a Ayurvedic tikulimbikitsidwa ngati njira yoletsa komanso kuchiza matenda a zilonda zam'mimba. Kafukufuku wamakono awulula mu katsitsumzukwa komwe kali pachithunzichi kuthekera kochotsa poizoni ndikusungika chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chimafotokozera bwino dzina lodziwika bwino "shatawari" kapena "ochiritsa matenda zana."
Maonekedwe a chitsamba ndi chokongoletsera kwambiri. Chomerachi chili pamtunda wa mamita awiri ndi kukwera kapena kuwombera mphukira ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati awl osonkhanitsidwa m'magulu. Asparagus adalandira dzina lake lovomerezeka chifukwa chamaluwa oyera kapena oyera oyera onunkhira bwino ophatikizidwa burashi.
Cirrus katsitsumzukwa (A. Setaceus)
Cirrus katsitsumzukwa ndi mtundu wachilengedwe waku South Africa, koma chomeracho sichidachulukenso kotero kuti chimafikiridwanso kwina kumayiko ena. Dzina la katsitsumzukwa limachokera ku Latin Saeta, kutanthauza "tsitsi" kapena "chiputu". Chifukwa chake, nyamazo nthawi zina zimatchedwa katswiri wabwino kwambiri kapena wopanda kanthu. Mtundu wina wa dzinalo, A. plumosus kapena cirrus wopezeka ndi mbewu mu 1875, amaonedwa kuti ndi wopanda ntchito.
Mtengowo ndi chitsamba chokweza chopanda nthambi zokhala ndi nthambi zambiri zomwe zimachokera kumalo wamba okukulira. Zigawo zamiyala zomwe zimatchedwa masamba ndizodziwika bwino kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonse yomwe yaphunziridwa. Mtolo uli ndi ma phyllocladies 3-12, kutalika kwake mpaka 15 mm ndi mainchesi mpaka 0,5 mm.
Kutulutsa kwa katsitsumzukwa komwe kamaonetsedwa pachithunzichi kumawoneka bwino kwambiri. Zipatso, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya safaragus, si yofiyira, koma ya buluu, yokhala ndi 1 mpaka 3 mbewu.
