Weow msonga ndi mtengo waukulu womwe nthawi zambiri umatha kupezeka pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi dziwe pamalo otentha. Poona kuti chomera chimakonda kwambiri kuthengo ndipo chimalekerera kutentha ndi chisanu, sizivuta kuzisamalira kunyumba. Willow amawoneka bwino m'mapaki, malo osangalatsa kapena ngakhale m'bwalo.
Mtengowu umatha kukula mpaka 25 metres ndikukhala ndi moyo zaka zana.
Kodi mitundu ya msondodzi ndi iti?
Kulowerera msondodzi popanga mawonekedwe ndi njira yachilendo. Mwa mitundu ya msondodzi mungapezeke mitengo yathunthu yokhala ndi thunthu lamphamvu, komanso zitsamba zokongoletsera. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosiyana, chifukwa amazolowera kukhala munthawi zosiyana:
- White msondodzi ndi mtengo womwe kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mamita 25. Moyo wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi pafupifupi zaka zana. White msuzi umatchedwa chifukwa kumbali yakumbuyo masamba ake amapakidwa utoto wowala. Chomera chimakomera bwino m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, ndimathanso kubzalidwe pafupi ndi dziwe lochita kupanga.
- Msonga wokulira woyera ulinso ndi mtundu wosadziwika, koma umasiyana mu mawonekedwe a korona. Nthambi zake ndizitali, zosinthika, zimatsitsidwa pansi. Makungwa a mtengowo amakhala ndi kachikasu.
- Msonga waku Babeloni ulinso ndi korona wolira. Kutalika, kumatha kufika 15 m kapena kupitilira, kutalika kwa moyo kuli pafupifupi zaka zana. Masamba ndi opepuka, koma opanda siliva. Mtengowo umakula mwachangu ndikufika pachimake. Malo abwino kwambiri pamoyo wake ndi magombe amadzi owala.
- Shaggy amamera msondodzi ndi shrub lomwe silimakula kuposa 2 metres. Masamba ake ndiosiyana ndi omwe amakula msondodzi wolira - wozungulira wokutidwa ndi kuwala. Chomera chimatha kupanga korona wamtundu wachilendo, popeza mphukira zimakhala zamphamvu ndikukula. Chitsamba chimalekerera chisanu nthawi yachisanu, chimakonda kukula panthaka yonyowa.
- Goat willow ndi mtundu wa mtengo womwe nthawi zambiri umabzalidwa m'mapaki ndi malo osangalalira. Mphukira imayendetsedwa pansi, ndipo masamba ochepa owongoka amakula pamwamba pawo. Maluwa amapezeka mchilimwe, nthawi imeneyi mtengowu umafalitsa fungo lokoma la uchi.
Palinso mitundu ina yamatabwa monga kulira msondodzi. Amatha kukhala osiyana mosiyanasiyana, koma onse ndi a banja losayidwa. Izi si mitengo yayikulu yokha yokhala ndi nthambi zomwe zikugwera pansi, komanso zitsamba zazing'ono zokhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo masamba. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndikuthilira, msondodzi umakula mwachangu, ndipo ndikudulira ndikotheka kupanga korona wa mawonekedwe omwe akufunikira.
Kubzala ndi Kusamalira Malamulo
Ndiosavuta kuyang'anira msuzi wokongoletsa. Chokhacho chofunikira kulabadira ndizomwe nthaka ili ndi chinyezi. Mu nthawi zachilengedwe, mtengowo umamera pamchenga kapena dothi louma ndipo nthawi zonse amalandila madzi kuchokera kuchoseramo. Ngati mumabzala msika kutali ndi chinyezi (dziwe kapena mtsinje), muyenera kuthilira madzi nthawi zonse. Pa masiku owuma, otentha zimakhala zothandiza kupopera masamba.
Zomera sizifunikira kuphatikiza feteleza. Imasinthasintha mwangwiro kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kulekerera kutentha ndi kuzizira konse. Komabe, mutha kuthira manyowa panthaka ndi feteleza wachilengedwe - humus kapena kompositi.
Msipu wolira bwino kwambiri kumera panthaka yonyowa nthawi zonse. Idzakula msanga ngati madzi a pansi pamalowo ndi okwera.
Willow obereketsa
Mu nthawi zachilengedwe, mtengo umafalikira ndi mbewu; kunyumba, zodulidwa kapena mbande zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zodulidwa zimakololedwa mu kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira; magawo apakati a nthambi zazing'ono, osapitilira zaka ziwiri, ndi oyenera. Kenako amafunika kukhala okonzekera kunyamula:
- Kutalika kwenikweni kwa chogwiriracho kumayambira 20 mpaka 30 cm;
- obzalidwa pansi m'nthaka kapena m'chipinda china;
- mpaka mbande zikhale zolimba komanso zakonzeka kuthira, nthawi zambiri zimayenera kuthiriridwa, kuthiridwa manyowa ndi kumasulidwa pozungulira;
- mitengo yaying'ono siyinabzalidwe kunja m'chaka choyamba, imayenera kutenthetsa nyengo yozizira yoyamba.
Mitengo ya msondodzi imabzalidwa malo osaphulika kasupe ikasungunuka kwathunthu. Pofika nthawi ino, mtengowo udzafunika kuti upange mizu yake bwino. Mutha kuyigwetseranso chakumapeto, nthawi yomwe madzi amayenda kale. Poterepa, nthaka iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi masamba kapena udzu, ndipo mtengo womwewo ndi lapnik.
Ndikofunikira kukumba bowo losaya pansi (mpaka 60 cm). Mukadzala, mtengowo umayenera kukumana ndi umuna kuti uzika mizu mwachangu. Gawo lachitatu la dzenje limadzazidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana, peat ndi humus, ndipo voliyumu yotsala imadzazidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Nthaka imakokedwa mpaka kumera kuti ipange mulu, pomwe pamakhala chithirira. Mutabzala, ndowa ziwiri zamadzi zimathiridwa pansi pa chomeracho. Msonga wolira sangakhalenso wogonjetsedwa pakusintha kwanyengo kuposa mtengo wathunthu.
Ngati mmera ndi wamtali komanso wosakhazikika, pamafunika thandizo lina. Khomalo limayikidwa pambali pake, ndipo mtengo wachichepere umakhazikika ndi chingwe.
Kukula pa tsinde
Kukulira msondodzi pa tsinde kudzakhala chokongoletsera cha dimba lililonse. Mitengo yokhazikika ndi yomwe korona wokongoletsera, kaya ndi wake kapena kumtengowo, amachoka pamtengo wowongoka wopanda nthambi (kwenikweni tsinde). Pazifukwa izi, zosiyanasiyana monga msonga wambuzi ndizoyenera. Itha kumanikizidwa pamlingo, koma pali njira ina yakukula kwake:
- mutafika, sankhani mphukira yolimba ndi yamphamvu ndikuyikonza mwamphamvu;
- zikamakula, thunthu lake limamangiriridwa kwambiri kuti limere bwino koma osabzala;
- mphukira zamtundu wa chilimwe zimafunikira kufupikitsidwa ndi lachitatu, kuti michere ilowe mu thunthu, ndipo imakulirakulira;
- mu yophukira, mbali zotsala za mphukira zimachotsedwa kwathunthu, ndikusiya hemp 0,5 cm.
Pamene boom ifika kutalika komwe mukufuna, thandizo limachotsedwa. Gawo lotsatira ndikupanga korona wakuda wowoneka bwino, yemwe adzagwa. Kuti muchite izi, ndikokwanira kuyichepetsa kuti nthambi zonse zimere pansi. Amadula malekezero awo, ndipo mphukira zimayamba kupereka nthambi zatsopano.
Pa chithunzichi, msondodzi wolira pamtengo ukawoneka wachikale. Mitengo ina yamitundu yowongoka itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati likulu, ndipo msondodzi wa mbuzi ungabzalidwe ngati korona wokongoletsa. Poyamba, ndikofunikira kubzala shtamb, kuti pofika nthawi ya katemera athe kukula bwino ndikuzika mizu. Njirayi imachitika bwino kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Akakonzeka kulandira katemera, mgawo umapangidwa pamwamba, pomwe umuna udabzalidwa. Nthawi zambiri amazika mizu bwino ngati atemera katemera. Zotsatira zake, mtengowo umakula ngakhale pang'ono m'munsi, ndipo pamwamba pake pali korona wokulira.
Musanabzale mtengo watsopano m'munda mwanu, muyenera kudziwa tanthauzo la msondodzi wolira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nyengo yake ndiyabwino. Osabzale m'malo omwe madzi apansi ndi ochepa, chifukwa muyenera kupanga kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndikofunikira kusankha malo omwe ali pafupi ndi zachilengedwe kapena malo okhala. Kubzala mitengo yaying'ono sikovuta ngakhale kwa nyakulima wa novice, koma kukonza zidutswazo kumatenga nthawi yayitali. Njira yabwino yothetsera mavutowo ndi kugula mbande yaing'ono yakonzeka kubzala zaka 1 kapena 2, zomwe zili ndi mizu yoyambira. Mosamalidwa bwino komanso malo oyenera, mtengowo udzakhala zaka zosachepera 100.
