Mtengo wa zipatso wa Lychee (Litchi chinensis), wotchedwanso Chinese lychee, ndi membala wabanja la Sangena. Amatchedwanso nkhandwe, Chinese plum, liji kapena lycis. Pali umboni wolembedwa kuti mbewu yotereyi idalimidwa ku China m'zaka za zana lachiwiri BC. Mpaka pano, mbewu yotereyi imalimidwa m'maiko onse aku Southeast Asia. Juan Gonzalez de Mendoza adalemba kuti chipatsochi ndi chofanana ndi maula, sichimalemetsa m'mimba, ndipo chitha kudyedwa pamiyeso, ndichifukwa chake adatcha chomera chotere "Chinese plum". Katswiri wazamankhwala waku France dzina lake Pierre Sonner, yemwe adapita ku China ndi Southeast Asia, adabweretsa chikhalidwe ichi ku Europe. Zinachitika m'zaka za m'ma 1800.
Zipatso za Lychee zimadyedwa zamzitini kapena zatsopano, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta odzola, ayisikilimu ndi zakudya zina, ndipo vinyo wachipembedzo cha China amakonzedwanso kuchokera pamenepo.
Mawonekedwe a Lychee
Lychee ndi mtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse, uli ndi korona wofalikira. Mtengo wotere, wokula mwachilengedwe, umatha kutalika mamita 10-30. Kuphatikizika kwa masamba opindika a masamba a pinnate kumaphatikizapo masamba 4 mpaka 8 a masamba amtundu-wamtundu wa ovoid kapena mawonekedwe a lanceolate okhala ndi pepala lowongoka. Kutsogolo kwa mapalawo kumakhala kobiriwira komanso kowala, ndipo pansi pakepo ndi imvi. Ma inflorescence onyamula ma ambulla amatha kutalika kwa 0,7 m, amakhala ndi maluwa omwe alibe matalala, omwe amangokhala ndi makapu amtundu wachikasu kapena mtundu wobiriwira wopepuka. Ma inflorescence amaphatikiza ndi maluwa ambiri, koma osaposa 15 mazira onse omwe amapezeka mu zipatso, pomwe otsalira amafa. Kutalika kwa zipatsozo kuphimbidwa ndi khungu lofiira, kumatha kusiyana 25 mpaka 40 mm, pamwamba pali ma tubercles ambiri. Mkatikati mwa chipatsocho mumakhala phokoso lotsekemera la mtundu wowala ndi mkoma wokoma, limasiya masamba ake mosavuta ndipo limakhala ndi kukoma kwa vinyo kosavuta. Pakati pa zipatso pali fupa lozungulirapo lamtundu wakuda. Mu ma lychees omwe amakula m'malo otentha, kucha kwa zipatso kumawonedwa mu Meyi kapena June.
Kukula kwa Bone Lychee
Pakati patali, lychee imatengedwa ngati chomera chakunja; chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kugula mbande zachikhalidwe chotere m'munda wamtchire. Komabe, mutha kuyesa kukulitsa mtengo wotere kuchokera ku mwala m'malo apanja. Kuti muchite izi, gulani zipatso zakupsa ndi fungo lamphamvu, zamkati zowoneka bwino ndi khungu lofiira. Fupa liyenera kuchotsedwa pa zamkati, limakulungidwa mu chokoleti chothira kapena minofu. Kwa masiku 7, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti nsalu yolumirayo imakhala yonyowa pang'ono nthawi zonse.
Fupa lotupa limayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo kenako limadzalidwa mumphika, pansi pake pomwe panali dzenje. Pansi pa mphika, poyambira, muyenera kuyala dothi lokwanira, kenako ladzaza ndi dothi losakaniza. Kuti mudziwe bwino fupa mu gawo lapansi mumangofunika 20 mm. Mukabzala mbewu zingapo, mwayi wopezeka mmera ukuwonjezeka kangapo. Mbewu ikabzala, gawo lapansi mumtsuko liyenera kukhala lothilitsidwa ndi madzi ofunda. Mbewuyo imayenera kumera pa kutentha kwa madigiri 25 mpaka 30, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti gawo lapansi mumphika limakhala lonyowa pang'ono. Mbewu zoyambirira zimayenera kuonekera patatha masiku 7-30, koma izi zitha kuchitika pambuyo pake.
Masamba oyambilira a mtundu wofiirawo utakula pamera lomwe lawonongeka, chidebecho chimayenera kukonzedwanso pawindo ladzuwa, pomwe mbewuyo imayenera kutetezedwa kuti isayang'ane dzuwa. Chomera chimadzaikidwa mumphika wokulirapo pakupanga masamba anayi kapena asanu. Kuti mbande ikule bwinobwino, pamafunika nthawi yayitali masana, osachepera maola 12. Kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipindacho chaka chonse sikuyenera kugwa pansi madigiri 20.
Kusamalira a Lychee kunyumba
Momwe mungamwere
Lychee ndi chomera chotentha chosakanizira, pothana ndi izi, chitsamba chaching'onochi chimayenera kukhala chothira ndi madzi owiritsa kapena osasefera kuchokera ku sprayer kawiri pa tsiku. Thirirani mbewuyo moyenera komanso mwadongosolo, chifukwa muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osasefa kapena okhazikika kwa masiku awiri, pomwe pamafunika kutentha. Omwe alimi odziwa ntchito amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira kotsika, chifukwa muyenera kuwonjezera madzi poto nthawi zonse.
Thirirani chitsamba kuti chisavutike ndi kuperewera kapena chinyezi chambiri m'mizu. Pankhaniyi, chipinda chiyenera kukhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu.
Feteleza
Kudyetsa koyamba kwa lychee kuyenera kuchitika miyezi itatu mutabzala. Pambuyo pa izi, kudyetsa kumayimitsidwa mpaka mtengo ungakhale ndi chaka chimodzi. Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika kamodzi kapena kawiri m'milungu inayi, chifukwa izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga yankho la zinthu zovuta za feteleza wama mineral mu ndende yocheperako. Komanso feteleza wachilengedwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudyetsa michere ya lychee, mwachitsanzo, yankho la mullein (1:15) ndi yoyenera. Chifukwa cha kuvala pamwamba, mapangidwe ake amapanga bwino, ndipo chitsamba chimalimbikitsidwanso kubala zipatso.
Kudulira
Zomera zoterezi zimakula pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake muyenera kudula kawirikawiri. M'zaka 2 zoyambirira, mukuyenera kupanga nawo korona wa mbewu. Pambuyo pa izi, mawonekedwe amafunika kuti azisamalidwa, chifukwa chaichi, amafupikitsa mwadongosolo kwambiri zimayambira. Ngati nthawi yayitali yadutsa, ndipo zipatso zake zilibe zipatso, ndiye kuti simuyenera kukhumudwa, chifukwa chimodzimodzi, mitengo yachilendoyo ndiyosowa.
Matenda
Lychee ali ndi kukana kwambiri kumatenda. Mtengo umatha kudwala kokha ngati utasamaliridwa bwino. Ngati mumathirira tchire kwambiri, ndiye kuti kuvunda kumatha kuwonekera pamizu. Ngati mbewuyo ilibe madzi okwanira, ndiye kuti imayamba kukhala yaulesi ndikuyamba kufooka. Kupereka chithandizo choyenera cha lychee, mutha kuwateteza ku matenda onse.
Tizilombo
Chikhalidwe ichi chimaletsanso tizirombo. Komabe, nthata za akangaude, zovala zoyera, mavuvu, nseru, mavu, kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono titha kudutsa pachitsamba kuchokera kumaluwa ena amkati. Pankhaniyi, mbewuyo imafunikira kuti iyang'anitsidwe bwino, ngati tizirombo kapena zizindikiro zakusakhalapo tazindikira. Kuti muchite izi, mbewu yomwe yakhudzidwa iyenera kuthiridwa mankhwala ndi acaricide kapena tizirombo, pomwe yankho liyenera kukonzedwa molingana ndi malangizo omwe ali phukusi.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya lychee
Mitundu ndi ma hybrids a lychee anali owerengeka ambiri, komabe, mbewu zoterezi ndizofala ku Asia. Zomera zotsatirazi ndizodziwika kwambiri:
- Green popachika. Mtengowu umakutidwa ndi masamba amtundu wamtambo wobiriwira. Pamtunda pali chipatso chobiriwira. Zipatsozi zimakhalabe zatsopano ndipo sizitaya kukoma kwawo ngakhale patapita masiku atatu zitatha kuti peel zichotsedwa kwa iwo.
- Mipira yamiyala yamiyendo. Mnofu wandiweyani wa zipatso zotere umakhala ndi kukoma kwa uchi. Amakutidwa ndi peel yofiyira, yomwe mulibe ma tubercles. Fupa mu zipatso zotere ndi laling'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina kapena silipezeka konse.
- Osmanthus wokoma. Zipatso zokoma zimakhala ndi kukoma kwa osmanthus. Amakutidwa ndi peel yamtundu wambiri wolemera.
- Green yatu. Pa peel ya chipatso pali chidutswa cha mtundu wobiriwira.
- Tsamba lakuda. Zosiyanazi ndizoyamba kucha. Zipatso zake ndizopatsa minofu, zimakutidwa ndi peel yomwe imapereka madzi, ofanana ndi inki yofiira.
- Mukhoza kufiyira. Izi ndi zoyambirira. Kukolola zipatso kuli kale mu Meyi.
- Kumwetulira kumwetulira. Mitundu iyi ndi yakale kwambiri komanso yoyambirira. Chipatso ndi peel zomwe zimaphimbidwa zimapereka madzi ofiira.
Katundu wa zipatso za Lychee: kuvulaza ndi maubwino
Zothandiza katundu
Kuphatikizika kwa zipatso za lychee kumaphatikizapo zinthu zambiri zothandiza m'thupi la munthu, mwachitsanzo: mavitamini E, K, C, H, PP ndi gulu B (B1, B3, B6), magnesium, sodium, phosphorous, ayodini, manganese, zinki, selenium, chitsulo, calcium, potaziyamu, pectins ndi ma organic acid. Mankhwala akum'mawa, amagwiritsa ntchito zipatso zotere kuti achepetse shuga m'magazi a shuga, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za chiwindi, impso ndi mapapu, komanso amathandizanso pakuthandizira komanso kupewa matenda a atherosclerosis. Ndi matenda amtima, timalimbikitsidwanso kudya lychee, chifukwa zamkati muli potaziyamu. Amathandizanso kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito cholesterol yayikulu m'magazi, ndi kuchepa magazi, kusokoneza matumbo komanso matenda a kapamba. Mankhwala achihindu, zipatso zotere zimawerengedwa kuti ndi aphrodisiac, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti amuna aziyenda mwamphamvu komanso kuti azigonana.
Contraindication
Chipatso cha Lychee chimaphatikizidwa kokha kwa iwo omwe ali ndi tsankho limodzi. Palibe zotsutsana zina za zipatso zotere. Komabe, zipatso zachikale zomwe zimakhala ndi khungu lakhungu sizingadye chifukwa zimatha kusokoneza m'matumbo.
