Apa tikuyitanitsa wowerenga wokondedwa kuti akumbukire nafe magawo awiri kuchokera pa nkhani ya Leo Tolstoy "Haji Murat."
Hadji Murad Hadji Murad Kulemba kuchokera ku 1851 lithography.Umu ndi momwe nkhaniyi iyambira:
"Ndinali kubwerera kumunda. Kunali pakati pa chilimwe. Mead anali atatsukidwa ndipo anali atatsala pang'ono kutchetcha.
Pali kusankha kosangalatsa kwa maluwa nyengoyi: njere zofiira, zoyera, zapinki, zonunkhira bwino; daisi odzikuza; oyera oyera ndi oyera achikasu achikatikati “osakonda-chikondi” ndi zonunkhira zake zokongola; chikasu chachikasu ndi fungo la uchi wake; mabelu oima pamtunda wapamwamba ndi mabelu oyera oyera ngati; nthenga zokwawa; chikasu, chofiira, pinki, chibakuwa, zoyera bwino; ndi pang'ono pinki fluff ndi pang'ono kumveka kosangalatsa kununkhiza plantain; Maluwa, chimanga chowala bwino padzuwa ndi unyamata ndi mtundu wa buluu ndipo chikuwoneka bwino usiku ndi pansi paukalamba; ndi yofewa, yokhala ndi fungo la amondi, imatha msanga, maluwa okamwa.
Ndidatenga maluwa ambiri maluwa osiyanasiyana ndipo ndidapita kunyumba nditaona kuti mu mzere muli rasipiberi wokongola kwambiri, wophukira kwathunthu, burdock wamtundu womwe timawatcha "Chitata" ndipo omwe amatchetedwa mosamala, ndipo ndikasenda mwangozi, osoka amatayidwa kuti asataye agwirani manja. Ndidaganiza zokhwimitsa katunduyu ndikumuyika pakatikati pa duwa. Ine ndinakwera mu dzenje ndipo, nditayendetsa maluwa omwe anali atalowa pakati ndipo mokoma ndipo ndikugona tulo, munthu wogona, adayamba kubudula maluwa. Koma zinali zovuta kwambiri: osati kokha kuti phesi lochokera mbali zonse, ngakhale kudzera pa mpango lomwe ndidakulunga nalo dzanja, linali lamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti ndidalimbana nalo kwa mphindi pafupifupi zisanu, ndikuphwanya ulusiwu kamodzi. Nditamaliza kuyika duwa, duwa linali litakutidwa kale ndi zipenga, ndipo duwa lake silinkaonekanso labwino komanso lokongola. Kuphatikiza apo, pamanyazi ake komanso kugona kwake, sanakwanitse maluwa osalala a phwandolo. Ndinadandaula kuti pachabe ndinawononga duwa lomwe linali pamalo ake, ndipo ndinaponya, "Nanga mphamvu ndi moyo," ndimaganiza, pokumbukira kuyeserera kwanga kwa maluwa. " anagulitsa moyo wake. "
Zithunzi zolemba ndi E.E. Lansere ku nkhani "Hadji Murad". "Hadji Murad wokhala ndi ma murts akutsika m'makomo"Msewu wopita kunyumbayo unali wonyowa, amangolima munda wa chernozem. Ndidayenda mwachisawawa mumsewu wamfumbi. Munda wolimidwa unali wamtunda, wokulirapo, kotero kuti mbali zonse ziwiri za msewu ndi kukwera, palibe chomwe chidawoneka, kupatulapo nthenga yakuda, yoyatsidwa yoyesedwa, isanachitike. Kulima kunali kwabwino, ndipo paliponse m'mundako munalibe chomera chimodzi, osati udzu umodzi - zonse zinali zakuda. "Ndiwowononga bwanji, komanso wankhanza bwanji womwe munthu wawononga tinthu tambiri tambiri tambiri tokha, mbewu kuti tithandizire moyo wake," ndidaganiza, ndikudziyang'ana kena kalikonse m'munda wakuda uwu. Pamaso panga, kumanja kwa mseu, ndimatha kuwona chitsamba. Nditayandikira, ndinazindikira kutchire kuti "Chitata" yemweyo amene ndinamsankha pachabe ndipo ndinataya duwa.
Chitsamba cha "Chitata" chinali ndi njira zitatu. Chimodzi chinang'ambidwa, ndipo, ngati mkono wosanjidwa, nthambi ina yonse inatuluka. Awiriwo anali ndi duwa pa aliyense. Maluwa amenewa anali ofiira, koma tsopano anali akuda. Phula limodzi linasweka, ndipo theka la ilo, lomwe linali ndi duwa lakuda kumapeto, linapindika pansi; Wina, wopakidwa ndi dothi lakuda, anali atangomatira. Zinali zowonekeratu kuti chitsamba chonsecho chimasunthidwa ndi gudumu ndipo pambuyo pake chidawuka motero chidayima mbali, komabe chidayima. Zinali ngati amutulutsa kachidutswa ka thupi lake, kutulutsa zamkati, kutulutsa mkono wake, ndikuyang'ana m'maso. Koma iye amayimilira ndipo sadzipereka kwa munthu amene anawononga abale ake onse omuzungulira."Ndi mphamvu bwanji!" Ndidaganiza. "Munthu adagunda chilichonse, adawononga zitsamba mamiliyoni ambiri, koma osataya mtima."
Ndipo ndinakumbukira nkhani ina yayitali yaku Caucasus, ina yomwe ndinayiwona, ina ndidaimva kuchokera kwa owona ndi maso, ndipo ena ndimayilingalira. Nkhani iyi, momwe idakhalira m'maganizo mwanga ndi malingaliro, izi ndi zomwe "...
(Dziwani kuti lina mwa mayina a Tolstoy's "Khoji Murat" anali "Thorn").
Plowman. Leo Tolstoy pamtunda wolima.Koma momwe nkhani "Haji Murat" imathera:
"Adani, akuthamanga kuchokera kuchitsamba kupita ku chitsamba ndi hoot komanso poyenda, anayandikira pafupi. Chipolopolo china chinagunda Hadji Murad mbali yakumanzere. Adagona m'khola mobwerezabwereza, ndikugwetsa chidutswa cha ubweya wa thonje kuchokera pabeseni, ndikukulula bala. , ndipo adadzimva kuti akumwalira .Makumbukira ndi zithunzi zokhala ndi liwiro losasinthika zidasinthidwa wina ndi mzake m'maganizo mwake. Kenako adawona munthu wamphamvu Abununtsal Khan patsogolo pake, pomwe iye, atanyamula dzanja lake, ndikulendewera mbama ndi dzanja lake, adathamangira mdani atagundana naye m'manja; adamuwona bambo wakale wofooka, wopanda magazi Vorontsov ndi nkhope yake yoyera Om ndipo adamva mawu ake ofewa; kenako adawona mwana wa Yusuf, kenako mkazi wa Sofiat, wotumbululuka, wokhala ndi ndevu zofiira ndi maso opendekera, nkhope ya mdani wake Shamil.
Ndipo zikumbukiro zonsezi zidadutsa m'malingaliro ake, osadzutsa m'mutu uliwonse: wopanda chisoni, kapena mkwiyo, kapena chikhumbo chilichonse. Zonsezi zinkawoneka zopanda ntchito poyerekeza ndi zomwe zidayamba komanso zomwe zidayamba kale kwa iye. Panthawiyi, thupi lake lamphamvu lidachitabe zomwe adayamba. Adatola mphamvu yake yomaliza, kuwuka kuseri kwa blockage ndikuwombera mfuti kwa bambo akuthamanga ndikumumenya. Mwamunayo anagwa. Kenako anatuluka m'dzenjemo ndi chinsalu cholowera molunjika, ndikukutsika molunjika, kupita kwa adani. Kuwombera pang'ono, iye adazunzika ndikugwa. Apolisi angapo adathamangira kumtembo womwe udagwa ndikugunda kwamphamvu. Koma zomwe zimawoneka ngati mtembo mwadzidzidzi zinadzuka. Choyamba, wokhala wamagazi, wopanda chipewa, wometedwa mutu, kenako thupi lidadzuka, ndipo, wogwirizanitsa mtengo, adaimirira. Adawoneka wowopa kwambiri pomwe othamanga adayima. Koma mwadzidzidzi adangoyenda, ndikuzizwa kutuluka mumtengomo, ndipo kutalika kwake konse, ngati bokosi lopukutidwa, adagwa nkhope yake pansi osasunthanso.
Sanasunthe, komabe ankamverera. Pamene Haji-Aga woyamba yemwe adathamangira kwa iye adamugunda kumutu ndi chala chachikulu, zidawoneka kuti adamenyedwa pamutu ndi nyundo, ndipo samatha kudziwa kuti ndi ndani yemwe akuchita izi komanso chifukwa. Uku kudali kudziwa kwake komaliza kulumikizana ndi thupi lake. Sanamverenso kalikonse, ndipo adaniwo adampondaponda ndi kupha kanthu kena kofanana ndi iye. Haji-Aga, akupondera phazi lake kumbuyo kwa thupi, ndi mikwingwirima iwiri, adadula mutu wake ndikusamala, kuti asauze madontho m'magazi, adagubuduza ndi phazi lake. Magazi ochepa amachokera kumitsempha ya khosi komanso yakuda kuchokera kumutu ndikuzaza udzu.
Ndipo Karganov, ndi Haji-Aga, ndi Ahmet-Khan, ndi apolisi onse, ngati wosaka nyama yakufa, adasonkhanitsa matupi a Hadji Murad ndi anthu ake (Khanefi, Kurban ndi Gamzal anali atamangidwa) ndipo, atayimirira mu tchire la ufa kuthengo, anasangalala kuyankhula, adapambana chigonjetso chawo.
Zoyeserera usiku, zomwe zidangokhala chete pakuwombera, zidagundika, zoyambirira kenako zinazo kenako kumapeto.
Unali imfa imeneyi pomwe wowongoka mtunda wakundikumbutsa m'munda wolimidwa. "
Tikukhulupirira kuti owerenga okha adzazindikira momwe anthu angakhalire mderalo la zolengedwa ndi zinthu zonse padziko lapansi. Pakadali pano, ngati anthu anali ocheperako komanso odzipereka, achilungamo ndi amtundu wawo (sitikulankhula za chikondi chamtundu wina ndi mnzake) - ndi mavuto angati omwe anthu padziko lapansi akadapewa. Zingakhale zabwino zochuluka bwanji kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi waumunthu ngati kulibe anthu ambiri opanda tanthauzo padziko lapansi, popeza anthu oyenera kufa. Ndipo sicholakwa chawo kuti amakokedwa ndi mikangano yopanda tanthauzo. Zomwe zili ndi nthula ndizolinso chimodzimodzi: simukuyenera kuthana nawo ngati udzu wovulaza, koma muzisamalira ndikukula mwanjira iliyonse, chifukwa ndi mankhwala ake othandizira. Koma zambiri za izi m'nkhani yotsatira.
Spiny Thistle (Carduus acanthoides)Titha kuwonjezera kuwonjezera lingaliro loti, monga momwe mbiri imasonyezera, zomwe asayansi apeza, chowonadi chofunikira kwambiri, zithunzi zophiphiritsa - sizibwera m'maganizo a munthu m'modzi. Chifukwa chake ife: si Tolstoy yekha amene adawona chisonyezo. Ngakhale m'masiku akale, anthu adawona kukongola kwamtunduwu ndikulimba kwa lilac komwe kumakhala mzimu wolimbana kwambiri ngakhale mizimu yoyipa inkawopa, chifukwa chomera chidasungika ndikulimbana mwaluso pambuyo podulira mwankhanza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ulemu wa duwa longa nkhondo kwambiri adakulitsidwa kulikonse. Pakati pa Scots, imayimira zovuta komanso kubwezera, ku kontrakitala imagwiritsa ntchito monga chizindikiro cha kulimba mtima ndi chitetezo, ndipo ku China chikuwonetsa kukhulupirika ndi moyo wautali.
Komabe, chozizwitsa chodabwitsa ndi Chirengedwe: chimapanga zamoyo ndi zofananira zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu amvetsetse. Mwachitsanzo, m'chipembedzo Chachikhristu samapeza "munga" wa malo oyenera. Nthula idayambitsa chidani pakati pa anthu ampingo, chifukwa mbewu iyi sinkafuna kuwonetsa kudzichepetsa - chofunikira chachikulu cha chipembedzo chilichonse. Chifukwa chake mu Chikhristu adapereka duwa lopanda tanthauzo ndikusankha kuti ndi chisonyezo cha choyipa ndiuchimo, omwe amatsutsidwa kuti ndi mkwiyo woopsa. Mu nthano ya mu Bayibulo, nthula imawoneka ngati chisonyezo cha Chilango cha Mulungu chifukwa cha machimo a Adamu: ... "Dziko lotembereredwa ndi inu, mudzadya m'machisoni masiku onse amoyo wanu. Idzala minga ndi mitula chifukwa chake mudzadya udzu wamtchire." Mu chithunzi cha Chikhristu, nthula ija inasandulika chizindikiro cha kulimba mtima: zithunzi za ofera ambiri oyera oyera okhala ndi zitsamba zoyika. Komabe, malingaliro olemekezeka ochokera mu ufumu wa Flora adapitiliza kutchuka, chifukwa anali ndi zoyenera zambiri (zindikirani, zowona komanso zongoganizira). Chifukwa chake, mu matsenga abodza akale, munga wolimbana nawo, wokhoza kuyambitsa phokoso pakati pa antchito a satana, unadziwika kuti ndi chimphona champhamvu kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti nthula imateteza molimbika kuwonongeka ndi maso oyipa, matsenga ndi matsenga amdima. Ndipo nthambi yake yopachikika pamwamba pa zitseko za nyumbayo imawatsimikizira kuti anthu ake sangatetezedwe ndi mizimu yoipa.
Nthongo imayamba kugwa. Chithunzi chochokera ku "Flora waku Germany Zithunzi" (Carduus acanthoides. Chithunzi cha "Flora waku Germany Zithunzi")Pali nthano zambiri, zowona za mbiri yakale pazakufunika kwa nkhani yankhondo. Sitikhala pamenepa, iwo amapezeka mosavuta pa intaneti. Tidzangonena kuti mbewuyi yakhala fano la Scot kuyambira kale kwambiri. Order of the Thistle (IX century) idakhazikitsidwa, yomwe idabwezeretsedwa kale m'zaka za zana la 17.
Chizindikiro cha Order chinali nyenyezi yakuwala yamiyendo inayi yokhala ndi chithunzi cha nthula pakatikati ndipo ndimawu onyadira ozungulira chizindikiro. "Palibe amene angandikhumudwitse." Panalinso regalia yachiwiri ya Dongosolo, inali yodula khosi yokhala ndi khosi yokhala ndi maluwa okongola agolidi m'mbali mwake ndi kumtunda.
M'mawu otsogolera, chizindikiro cha dziko la kulimba mtima ndi kukhazikika pamtengo ngati dothi wokhala ndi duwa komanso masamba awiri obiriwira obiriwira amasiyira ena (monga mukudziwa, angapo a iwo) zizindikiro za ku Scotland, Great Britain, komanso Nova Scotia (chigawo cha Canada).
