Momwe mungachotsere nyerere pamalopo?

Nyerere chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika zimayenera kulemekezedwa, komanso zimawalepheretsa kubereka mwakachetechete komanso kukhala ndi moyo. Kuti munthu wamkulu wogwira ntchito azidyetsa abale ake (antchito ogwirira ntchito) amamukakamiza (kuyabereka) kuti azisaka ndi kubweretsa chakudya kunyumba usana ndi usiku. Zili pamalopo kuti mtundu wa kuphulika kwa anthill upangidwe.

Yesetsani kuwononga nyerere ziyenera kuchitika mozama kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu mpaka chisanu, nthawi zina zimatenga ngakhale mdima. Njira zofala:

• ntchito zaulimi,
• kuwononga mankhwala
• njira zachikhalidwe

Nyerere yakuda, kapena lasia yakuda (Lasius niger). © Sam Fabian

Zochitika za Agrotechnical

Zitha kukhala zachilendo pang'ono, koma kuchuluka kwa madera kudzachepa kwambiri ngati muwononga nsabwe za m'masamba. Mwa njira, simukuyenera kuthana ndi nyerere kwathunthu. M'malo mwawo mudzabwera tizirombo tatsopano, tomwe timasinthasintha. Aphid - "gulu" lalikulu lomwe limapereka "mkaka wokoma" - limagwa mphutsi za nyerere.

Werengani nkhani zatsatanetsatane patsamba lathu la webusayiti: Aphids. Kodi kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwambiri?

Kusasitsa dzira kumatenga masiku 35, mphutsi - masiku 7 ndi pupae - masiku 23. Mphutsi zimakhala ndi moyo masiku 7 ndipo zimadutsa gawo lanyama, zomwe zimasiya kudya. Masiku 7 awa ndiye cholumikizira chofooka kwambiri. Amapereka chakudya ku mphutsi. Mphutsi zikagwiritsidwa poizoni nthawi imeneyi, nkhonoyi singadzabwerenso.

Chifukwa chake, pakuchotsa bwino nyerere patsamba, mutha kuchita zotsatirazi ndi zigawo zazikulu:

Chakumapeto kwa yophukira komanso koyambirira kwamasika chovala chofewa ndi nthambi za chigoba za mbewu zamaluwa ndi yankho losalala la mandimu atsopano mwatsopano ndi kuphatikiza chilichonse chakupha.. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, mutha kuwononga nyerere zomwe zikukoka katundu wanu wamtengo wapatali kuchokera pamitengo kupita nayo ku nyengo yachisanu.

Kuzungulira tchire, kutuluka kuchokera pansi, mphete kuwaza phulusa lakuda, likhoza kusakanikirana ndi laimu. Kupaka nyerere ndi poyizoni.

Kuzungulira pakati pa tsinde (40-80 cm) mikanda yosaka, kuwachitira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Pewani nyerere kuti zisakunguluke chifukwa cha chotchinga, gwiritsani ntchito mafuta mozungulira poyimitsa ndi glue yapadera pang'onopang'ono (gulani m'sitolo). Satha kuthana ndi zotchingira guluu ndipo adzawonongeka limodzi ndi katundu wokondedwa. Mikanda yosaka ingagwiritsidwe ntchito munyengo yachilimwe-nyengo yachilimwe (Okutobala ndi Marichi), nthawi ndi nthawi muziyambitsa yatsopano.

Munthawi yomweyo ndikusaka malamba kwa masiku 8 otsatizana, kukumba nyemba zakuya kuya kwa masentimita atatu, ndikuziika m'mawa (pamene nyerere zibwerera kunyumba), ndikuthira madzi owiritsa ndi madzi otentha otentha, ndibwino msuzi wotentha phwetekere pamwamba (kwenikweni kuwira).

Mutha kukumba ndikudzaza ndi osakaniza phulusa ndi laimu kapena phulusa ndi mchere, kapena kuthandizidwa ndi chisakanizo cha phulusa ndi koloko.

Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka mukadzaza mafayilo madzi osakaniza ndi palafini (100-200 ml pa malita 10 amadzi), kukumba mozama.

Nyani zazikazi zazikulu zamapiko ndi zazimuna za nyerere yakuda. © Martyn King

Chithandizo cha tsiku lililonse kwa masiku 8 chimakupatsani mwayi wowononga mphutsi, gawo la nyerere za achikulire, mwina "mfumukazi", mazira, pupae. Chithandizo choterechi chikuyenera kuchitika mwadongosolo chaka chonse, ndipo nyerere zimachoka mchimbudzi. Nyerere zimakonda mtendere ndikukhazikika m'malo omwe dothi silimayikiridwa pafupipafupi, ndiye kuti, sizikumba, miyala, namsongole, etc. sizichotsedwa. Ngati mulima popanda kukumba, ndiye kuti chithandizo chokwanira pamtunda wa 10 masentimita ndichofunikira. Yang'anani pansi pa mwala wautali kapena kadibodi, bolodi ndipo muwona mulu wa mazira a nyerere wokhala ndi mbewa padziko lapansi.

Kubzala m'mphepete mwa dacha, mabedi aanthu, pansi pa korona wamitengo, makamaka, pakati pa mabulosi a tansy, parsley, timbewu, valerian, chowawa, lavenda, ndi adyo zimatha kukhala njira zothandiza pothana ndi nyerere.

Kuchokera kuzomwe ndakumana nazo: adyo m'mizere ya sitiroberi / sitiroberi komanso pakati pa tchire la mabulosi opulumutsidwa malo a mabulosi kuchokera ku nyerere ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuchokera ku matenda ena oyamba ndi fungus.

Nyerere yakuda ya m'munda ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. © Martin Urban

Njira Zaukadaulo za Nkhondo Y nyewa

Mwini aliyense wa gulu lawokha amafuna kuti azigulitsa zinthu zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mdziko muno ndikosayenera. Koma pakagwiritsidwe kake, ndikofunikira kutsatira molondola malangizo omwe mungagwiritse ntchito pokonza mbewu ndikudikirira nthawi yomwe mankhwalawo amadzala ndipo sadzaunjikana mu mbewuyo.

Mwa mankhwala, diazinon ndi othandiza kwambiri. Tizilombo tothandizirana kuchokera ku gulu la organophosphorous. Imalowa m'mizu ndikuchoka limodzi ndi michere m'zomera nthawi inayake (osachepera masiku 30) ndipo imakhala poizoni ndi tizilombo komanso anthu. Kubweretsa chakudya chakupha, nyerere zosamala sizingokhala ndi mphutsi zokhazokha, komanso magulu ena a nyerere (ankhondo, alonda, ankhondo, ndi zina).

Akatswiri azachipatala am'nyumba pamakhalidwe a diazinon adapanga mankhwala "Anteater" ndi "Muratsid", komanso mankhwala ena angapo. Amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a yankho ndi granules, ndi Muratsid molumikizana ndi nyambo ya chakudya. Izi ndi zoopsa za neuroparalytic action. Kukonzekera kumakonza nthaka m'nthawi yofesa kapena kufesa mbewu. M'nyengo yotentha, pamwamba pazotuluka zimachotsedwa ndipo masango a nyerere zimathandizidwa. Zokonzekera ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, musadziunjikire mumtundu wa zatsalira zapoizoni m'nthaka ndipo sizizungulira munthawi yachilengedwe. Popeza zokonzekerazi ndizopanda poizoni, chithandizo cha dimba ndi dimba chimachitika mu zovala zoteteza, kuyang'ana njira zonse zothandizira kukhalanso ndi thanzi ndikutchingira nyama ndi mbalame kuti zisamatengedwe nthaka. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ayenera kukhala okhazikika molingana ndi malingaliro.

Phiri pamwamba pa udzu. © Shamich Afzal

Zithandizo za anthu osagwirizana ndi nyerere

Nyerere imakhala ndi zovuta zina ziwiri: sadziwa kuthana ndi zotchingira madzi ndikuyenda kutali ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi lakuthwa konse.

Olima dimba ozungulira mtengowo amayima chotchinga madzi kuchokera pamagawo a matayala. Dulani mbali ziwiri m'malo amodzi. Amawonjezera, ndikusiya matayala a 3-5 cm pamtunda. Sindikiza gawo la mtanda ndikudzaza ndi madzi, ndikotheka ndi parafini, ndi decoction ya nsonga ndi zinthu zina. Nyerere sizingakhale pamtengowo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti azitaya chakudya ndikusiya.

Kuzungulira thunthu la mtengowo kutalika kwa 30-40 cm kuchokera pa zojambulazo ndikupanga siketi yokhala ndi mbali zokulira. Zinthu zakuthwa zimayambitsa nyerere mantha. Amangoyang'ana m'mphepete mwamphamvu, amathyola ndipo sagwera m'minda ya aphid pamunda wa mbewu. Zachidziwikire, njira izi sizopanda pake, koma thandizirani kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zoyipa m'munda. Nthawi yomweyo, akumenyana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba (zofunika). Ma nsabwe achoka, nyerere zimachokeranso.

Nyerere zimakonda mtendere, chifukwa chake nthawi zonse zimachoka m'malo omwe amaphwanya zomwe zili mkati mwawo. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi okhala m'chilimwe. Kukumba kwa nthaka pachaka ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa zinthu zosasangalatsa mu anthill, amathamangitsidwa pamalowo.

Zamasamba ndi nyerere zapakhomo okonda abale a m'nkhalango. Kuthengo, pezani mulu wa nyerere ndikuyika mu thumba lowonda pamwamba pa dziko lapansi ndi nyerere zachikulire, ndipo kunyumba ndiziziwaza pa anthill bustani. Nyerere za m'munda zimataya nkhondoyi ndikuchoka pamalowo, pomwe ankhwalawo ali ndi vuto ayesanso kubwerera kunkhalango m'masabata 1-2 (mulimonse, kunja kwa kanyumba).

Mwa zithandizo zina za anthu, olima ndi osamalira matendawa amalimbikitsa mitundu yambiri yazitsamba ndi nyimbo. Phwando losangalatsanso linakambidwa ndi m'modzi wa olimawo. Mu ndowa 10 yamadzi onjezerani 1 lita imodzi ya viniga ta tebulo ndi makapu awiri a shampoo ndi mafuta a masamba. Pakati penipeni pa anthill, pangani dzenje lakuya ndi mtengo ndikuwombera chophatikizika bwino kudzera mkupaka mfuti kudzenje. Phimbani tsamba lathunthu ndi filimu yakuda kapena zinthu zina za opaque. M'masiku angapo, nyerere zina zimafa, ndipo zina zonse zichoka pamalopo. Njira imeneyi imagwira ntchito bwino ngati anthill sinali pakatikati pamalopo, koma pafupi m'mphepete. Nyerere zomwe zikatsala zimapitilira, osapita kwina kumundako.

Pupae wa nyerere zakudimba zakuda. © Alexander Sonmark

Anthu oyandikana nawo dziko adasonkhana ovunduka Mivi kuchokera kwa adyo, kuwapukusa kuti azitha kununkhira ndipo ena amafunikira m'madzi. Kenako ngongole zingapo zoyipa zinathiridwa ndi yankho, ndipo zingapo anaponyedwa ndi mivi yoluka. Nyererezi zapita, koma sizikudziwika mpaka pati. Mwinanso tangopita kumalo ena m'mundamo, kapena mwina achoka pamalopo.

Popeza taphunzira zizolowezi za nyerere, kapangidwe ka zigawo zawo, kuthana ndi "mdani" ndikuchotsa nyerere sizovuta. Koma kuti asadzabwerenso, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi. Amachokera kulikonse, ndipo ndizosatheka kuchotsa nyerere kwanthawi yonse ndimayeso amodzi.