Colchicum - kupambana kwa nthawi yophukira

Dzinalo Lachilatini limachokera ku dzina lachi Greek la dera ku Western Georgia (Colchis), komwe mitundu yamtunduwu imakhala. Russian Russian colchicum imalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu yambiri yamaluwa kumapeto kwa yophukira.. Ndipo ku Middle Ages ku Latin amatchedwa "Filius ante patrem", kutanthauza "mwana pamaso pa abambo".

Colchicum colchicum (lat. Colchicum) - mtundu wa mbewu kuchokera kubanja la monocotyledonous maluwa Colchicaceae (Colchicaceae). Mtundu wa Autumn ndi mtundu wosakonzekera umadziwikanso ndi mayina achikhalidwe; mogwirizana ndi mbewu iyi dzina limagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndi nyumba yozizira, ya mtundu Helleborus wa banja Ranunculaceae.

Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mitundu 70 ya zipatso za corm-anion zomwe zimapezeka ku Europe, North Africa, West ndi Central Asia. Kumayambiriro kwamasika, mbewu nthawi zambiri zimatulutsa masamba akuluakulu, otalika, omwe amafa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Maluwa amapezeka makamaka m'dzinja, maluwa okhaokha omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana amatuluka pansi. Maluwa a Colchicum afika 20cm kutalika, ngati tilingalira perianth wamkulu mu chubu chopapatiza, ambiri omwe ali pansi. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi la zisa zitatu lokhala ndi mbewu zozungulira.

Kale Dioscorides (dokotala wakale Wachiroma, zana loyamba) adawonetsa kuti izi ndizomera zapoizoni kwambiri. Zowonongeka za corms secrete alkaloid colchicine, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa m'manja. Osati corm yekha, komanso ziwalo zapamwamba zomwe zili ndi ma alkaloids osiyanasiyana. Kupha poizoni kumatha kukhala koopsa kwambiri: patatha maola ochepa pamakhala kupsa kwamphamvu pakhosi, chizungulire komanso mseru, womwe mtsogolomo umatha kulowa m'matumbo, ziwindi ndi kugwa. Popeza mbali zonse za chomera, komanso madzi omwe maluwa adaikamo, ali ndi poyizoni, muyenera kusamalira colchicum mosamala ndikugwira ntchito ndi magolovesi.

Colchicum idakhala ndi dzina la mtundu wachilendo wa chitukuko. Mosiyana ndi ma bulbs ambiri, nthawi yophukira, nthawi zambiri, masamba okha ndiwo amakula, ndipo maluwa amawoneka kugwa, ena aiwo kwenikweni chisanu chisanachitike. Koma, zili, pali mitundu ingapo ya colchicum yomwe imaphuka kumayambiriro kwamasika.

Mawonekedwe

Malo: oyimilira amtunduwu - mbewu zokongoletsera zomwe zimapanga bwino m'malo dzuwa. Popanda kumuika pamalo amodzi amakula nthawi yayitali. Zitha kupezeka pafupi ndi tchire, mitengo yayitali ya herbaceous, koma kokha kumwera.

Dothi: amakonda malo otayirira, opepuka. Malo abwino okhala ndi michere yambiri amafunika.

Zoyenda: kuya kwa kubzala kwa ma corms kumadalira kukula kwawo ndipo amasiyanasiyana masentimita 8 mpaka 20 kutengera kukula kwa ma corms ... D. G. Hession m'buku lake "All About Bulb Plants" akulemba za colchicum ngati chomera cha amateur. Amakulitsa lingaliro lake osati kokha chifukwa chakuti zigawo zonse za mbewuyi ndizopha poizoni, komanso chifukwa choti masamba akuluakulu omwe akutuluka mchilimwe amawoneka osalala monga momwe iye amawonera, ndipo maluwa amatha kuchira mumvula yambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, D. G. Hession alangiza kubzala ma corm pafupi ndi mzake mtunda wa 10-15 masentimita mutabzala. kugwa, wobzala mu Ogasiti.

Chisamaliro: maluwa a colchicum a yophukira pachimake amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ma slgs (kuwongolera maudzu, kumasula, ndi kuwaza padziko lapansi ndi superphosphate ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziwongolera).

Kuswana

Kubalana: kugawa ma corms ndi mbewu.

Colchicum yophukira, yomwe imakonda kwambiri chikhalidwe chomera chokongoletsera, imayamba motere. Kumayambiriro kwamasamba, masamba a ellipsoidal amawonekera, atoleredwa mu rosette pamtunda wabodza wabwinowu wozunguliridwa ndi mtambo wa tsamba lamunsi. Zomera panthawiyi zimatalika masentimita 20 - 40. Kuchokera pamunsi pamunsi pa tsinde, pamapangidwa corm, wokutidwa ndi mamba ofiirira kapena owoneka ngati chikopa, omwe amakhala ndi khosi lalitali. Zotsatira zomwe zimapangidwira zimatuluka ndi impso. Chongwe, chadzaza ndi kuwola. Masamba, atakwaniritsa cholinga chawo, nawonso amafa. Colchicum pachimake mu yophukira. Pakapita nthawi yochepa maluwa, mbewu ndi zipatso zimayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, zobisika kumimba pansi pa chubu chamaluwa. Ndipo kokha kasupe wotsatira, pamodzi ndi masamba, zipatso zimawoneka pamwamba pamtunda. Mbewu zipsa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.

Colchicum imafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi mababu aakazi. Nthawi zina pamakhala zochuluka kwambiri mwakuti mbewu zimasiya kutulutsa. Chifukwa chake, mababu ayenera kukumbidwa ndi kubzala. Potengera momwe mbeu ikukula, zipatso zimabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yazomera. Ziphuphu zimakumbidwa pakati pa chilimwe, mu Julayi, mbali yam'mwambayi itafa kwathunthu, koma maluwa asanaonekere, amabzidwanso mutabzala nthawi yomweyo. Mitundu yamtchire imatha kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Pa nthawi yofalitsa mbewu, mbewu zatsopano zimafesedwa mu June - Julayi. Mbande izionekera nyengo yamasika, ndipo mbewu zimaphuka pakapita zaka 5-7.

Gwiritsani ntchito

Mwayi waukulu wa Colchicum yophukira ndi kuzindikira kwake maluwa, kuupangitsa kukhala wovomerezeka mu maluwa a malimwe. Zomera ndizokongola m'mabzala a magulu, m'malire, m'mapiri, pamtunda, pamapiri a kumapiri, m'minda yamiyala. Pamalo okhala ndi makonde, kukongola kwake kosalimba ndikopatsa chidwi. Bzalani zipatsozo mu chidebe chabwino, mumchenga, dongo kapena miyala. Maluwa a pangano lopanda kanthu amawoneka okongola kwambiri mumphika wawung'ono wotetemera kapena m'matumba agalasi, momwe ma corm awo amawonekera. Chofunika sikuti kuwamwetsa madzi. Ziphuphuzo zimayenera kukhala zouma, ndiye zimayamba kudzimangira zokha. Pambuyo maluwa, amabzala panthaka. Nthawi zambiri corms amagulitsidwa mwachindunji ndi maluwa. Izi zimafunikanso kubzalidwe osachedwa, mwina zingafe.

M'mundamo colchicum imagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala m'magulu motsutsana ndi udzu wambiri, m'mabedi a maluwa okhazikika, m'minda yamwala. Kukula kwambiri ndi makatani amisamba pazomera kumabweretsa chidwi. Amapanga bwino maluwa okongola ndikuwoneka bwino pamthunzi wa zitsamba. Musaiwale kuti kasupe masamba amawonekera pamalo a maluwa. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ziumezi, ndiye chifukwa chake zimakhala bwino ngati zaphimbidwa ndi masamba obzala pafupi. Maluwa a Colchicum ndiwofunikanso kudula - amayima mchingoli kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti colchicum ndiyakudya pang'ono! Magawo onse azomera ali ndi colchicine, omwe amatha kupha poizoni.

Mitundu

Agrippa Colchicum / Variegated (Colchicum agrippinum / tessellatum)

Asia Wamng'ono. Zomera 10-40 cm. Corm ndi ovoid, pafupifupi 2 cm. Masamba 3-4, ali obiriwira owala, owala-lanceolate, opapatiza, pang'ono pang'ono. Maluwa ndi ofiira-apinki, okhala ndi malo amdima akuda ndi chubu yoyera, 1-3 pa mphukira. Zovala 2-5 cm. Pansi pa stamen iliyonse pamakhala malo a lalanje. Limamasula kumapeto kwa chirimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, masamba amakula masika.

Colchicum ancyrense / biebersteimi / triphyllum

Imakula m'mapiri ndi m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri, m'malo opezekapo ndi malo odyetserako dongo kum'mwera kwa nyengo yotentha komanso dera la Mediterranean, ku Moldova, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Ukraine, Crimea, Bulgaria, Greece, kumadzulo kwa Turkey. Mtengowo ndi wamtali wa 10-15 masentimita. Corm ndi ovoid, mpaka 2 cm mulifupi, ndi khosi lalifupi. Masamba atatu, ali ndi imvi, owala, wokongoletsedwa, wopapatiza, 0.4-0.8 masentimita mulitali, amathandizira m'mphepete. Maluwa ndi a 2-4, aofiirira. Gawo la miyendo 1.5-2 cm. Zosefera pansipa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika. Maluwa kumayambiriro kwa masika kwa masiku 10-12, masamba amakula nthawi imodzi ndi maluwa.

Colchicum wakuda wakuda (Colchicum atropurpureum)

Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amawonekera mu Seputembara. Amakweza masentimita 10-15 pamwamba panthaka. Phula limatalika pafupifupi 20 cm kutalika kwamasika. Colchicum wakuda wakuda ndi wogwirizana kwambiri ndi Turkey.

Colchicum yophukira (Сolchicum autumnale / autumnale var. Minus / autumnale var. Greater)

Amamera m'malo obiriwira komanso m'nkhalango m'malo otentha a ku Europe. Mbewuyi ili ndi chomeracho mpaka 40 cm. Corm chimafikira mainchesi 4, ndi sikelo zakuda zofiirira zomwe zimasanduka khosi lalitali. Masamba amakula masika ndikufa nthawi yotentha, yopendekera, lathyathyathya, yoluka, mpaka 30 cm. Maluwa ofika masentimita 7, mulingo wa 1-4 kuchokera kumodzi, ofiirira kapena oyera. Perianth lobes elliptical, pubescent mkati. Limamasula m'dzinja. Kubala chipatso. Mbewu zipsa nyengo yotsatira.

Colchicum bornmuelleri Colchicum

Mapiri a Asia Minor, Iran.
Mawonekedwe akutulutsa maluwa. Masamba ndi pafupifupi 30 cm. Maluwa amatuluka ndi malo oyera oyera mkati mwa perianth mpaka 10 cm. Kukula mu Seputembala.
Kuwala. Yotseka, dothi lambiri.

Colchicum Byzantine (Colchicum byzantinum / autumnale var.majus / autumnale var. Major)

Chimakula kumwera kwa dera lotentha komanso dera la Mediterranean, ku Romania, Greece, kumadzulo kwa Turkey. Mwina mitunduyi idawonekera limodzi ndi Colombian colchicum. Maluwa ndi a lilac-pinki, ena okulirapo kuposa awo m'dzinja la colchicum. Corm ndi wamkulu kwambiri, wosapangika mawonekedwe, wokhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 7 cm, amapanga maluwa 12. Masamba amakhala otambalala, opindidwa, mpaka 30 cm kutalika ndi masentimita 10-15. Amamasuka kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Masamba amakula masika.

Colchicum colchicum (Colchicum cilicicum / byzantinum var. Cilicicum)

Amamera m'dera la Mediterranean ku Turkey. Mtengowo ndi wamtali 20-60 cm. Corm ndi ovoid, lalikulu, pafupifupi 5 cm. Masamba 4-5, wobiriwira wakuda, owonekera kwambiri, wopindidwa, mpaka 20 cm. Maluwa 15-25, ndiakulu kuposa aja a Solchicum byzantinum, lilac-pinki, okhala ndi chubu choyera. Ma lobes amawaunjika, keel ndiyopepuka, 5-6 cm. Amaluwa kumapeto kwa yophukira, masamba amatulutsa masika.

Colchicum coliforum (Colchicum fasciculare)

Imamera m'mphepete mwa mapiri m'chigawo cha Mediterranean, kumpoto kwa Syria, Lebanon ndi Israel. Mtengowo ndi wamtali 10-20 cm. Corm oblong, 1.8-3 cm. Masamba 5-7, ndi lanceolate, opangidwira, owongoka, olimbitsa thupi m'mphepete, pafupifupi 2-3 cm mulitali mpaka 20 cm. Maluwa amakhala ochulukirapo (mpaka 20 kapena kupitirira), mumagulu, otuwa pinki kapena oyera. Gawo la miyendo 0,8-2.5 masentimita ndi 0.3-0.6 cm mulifupi. Limamasula kumayambiriro kwamasamba, matalala atasungunuka. Masamba amakula nthawi imodzi ndi maluwa.

Colchicum fominii (Colchicum fominii)

Matenda a dera la Odessa. Kuphatikizidwa ndi Buku Lofiira la USSR. Maonekedwe osadzikuza, pachimake pachaka ndipo amapereka njere zamera. Masamba ndi zipatso zimawonekera kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Limamasula kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya maluwa yophukira yophukira, maluwa ake amayenderana ndi kutha kwa nyengo yotentha, ngakhale nyengo yamvula ikachedwa kwambiri.

Colchicum wamadzi wokonda (Colchicum hydrophilum)

Imapezeka kudera la Mediterranean ku Turkey. Mtengowo ndi wamtali 10-20 cm. Corm chake ndi chopindika, pafupifupi masentimita 2,5, ndi khosi lalifupi. Masamba 2-4, kawirikawiri 3, ndi lanceolate, groo, chilumba, yopapatiza, 0.6-1.5 cm. Maluwa, kuphatikizapo 3-8, wotuwa wapinki. Mabowo amakhala akuthwa, owala mkatikati, kutalika kwa 1.8-3. Limamasula nthawi yomweyo chipale chofewa chikasungunuka kumayambiriro kwamasika. Masamba amakula nthawi imodzi ndi maluwa.