Duwa lofanana ndi Aubrieta limatchedwanso kuti aubration. Zimakhudzana ndi mtundu wazomera wobiriwira wotulutsa maluwa wa herbaceous, omwe ndi osatha ndipo ndi a banja la kabichi. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa pafupi mitundu 12. Maluwa oterowo amalimidwa m'minda yamwala, komanso m'maiko onse a ku Europe ngati chomera. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, aobriet imatha kupezeka ku Italy, Asia Minor, kumwera kwa France, komanso ku South America, komwe imakonda kumera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi miyala. Dera la Chilatini lidaperekedwa kwa mtengowo polemekeza French Frenchude Aubrier, yemwe anali wojambula ndipo amagwira ntchito ya mtundu wa fanizo la botanical. Ku Russia, duwa lotere limatchedwa belu lopanda kanthu. Nthawi yamaluwa, izi zimawoneka ngati chingwe cholimba. Duwa ili ndi gawo limodzi, masamba ake okongola satenthera nthawi yozizira.
Mawonekedwe a Aubriet
Magawo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi masamba amodzi amakhala ndi pubescence, komanso obovate kapena elliptical mawonekedwe. Mphepete yawo imakhala yokhazikika kapena yolimba. Mitengo yaying'ono yokhala ndi maluwa obiriwira a mawonekedwe a racemose imakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono anayi osiyidwa ndi sentimita imodzi ndi utoto wofiirira, wabuluu, wofiirira kapena wapinki. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo ndipo amatha kuyambira theka lachiwiri la masika mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe. Ngati mutapereka chisamaliro choyenera komanso chabwino, ndiye kuti kugwa, mtambo ungathenso. Chipatsocho chimawoneka ngati nyemba zosankhwima, momwe mumakhala mbewu zosyanasiyana zamtundu wa bulauni.
Pansipa tifotokozeredwa momwe mungabzalire bwino, kukulitsa ndi kufalitsa maluwa. Komanso momwe mungatetezere ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso matenda.
Kukula kumetedwa kwa mbewu
Ndiosavuta kufalitsa mbewuyi ndi mbewu, pomwe imabzalira kudzera mu mbande komanso m'njira yopanda mmera. Koma ngati kufesa mbewu kumachitika mwachisawawa mu Seputembara kapena Meyi, chifukwa, izi zitha kubweretsa kugawanika kwa mitundu. Motere, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kukula auburn kokha kudzera mbande. Kutulutsa kwa mbewu yotereyi kuchokera ku mbewu kumawonedwa mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Mbewu za Aubrit zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo onse apadera.
Seeding
Kubzala kumachitika m'masiku omaliza a February pafupifupi masabata 8-10 lisanayambike kutentha. Bzalani mbeu za maluwa nthawi yomweyo mumiphika. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito miphika ya peat-humus kapena mapiritsi a peat, mbande zimabzalidwa malo otseguka mwachindunji m'midzi iyi. Choyamba, nyowetsani gawo lapansi la poto kapena piritsi, kenako ikani mbewu ziwiri kapena zitatu pamalo ake. Kuchokera pamwamba ayenera kuwazidwa ndi mchenga woonda (0.3-0,5 cm). Sanjani mchenga kuchokera pa atomizer womwazika bwino, kenako ikani zotengera pansi pagalasi kapena filimu. Kutentha kokwanira kwa mpweya wa mbewu ndi madigiri 18-21.
Momwe mungasamalire mbande
Kusamalira mbande ndikosavuta. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kukonza mpweya wabwino tsiku lililonse, komanso kuthirira madzi pakafunika kutero. Mbande zoyambirira zimatha kuwonedwa patatha masiku 20-30, pomwe pompo phukupo liyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu. Ndikofunika kuthirira mbewu mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa mbande zimavulaza kwambiri gawo lapansi. Mbewu zikakhala zofooka, ndikukula kwake pang'onopang'ono, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza feteleza wamaaminidwe ovuta theka la mwezi asanadzalemo dothi lotseguka, pomwe ndende yankho liyenera kukhala lofooka.
Sankhani
Aubrieta amakumana kwambiri ndikusintha, pamenepa, mutakula kudzera mmera, kutola sikumachitika. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mbewu za mbewuyi zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe munzakudya zingapo (zambiri zafotokozedwera pamwambapa).
Kumeta kwapanja
Kodi ikubwera nthawi yanji?
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala maluwa poyera pokhapokha ngati vuto la chisanu litatha, ndipo monga lamulo, nthawi ino ligwera theka lachiwiri la Meyi. Podzala, muyenera kusankha malo mosamala. Mukamasankha tsamba, muyenera kukumbukira kuti pakuthamangitsa ubweya wambiri komanso modabwitsa, amafunika kuchuluka kwa dzuwa kokwanira. Mukamasankha dothi, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti maluwa oterowo amakula bwino, nthaka yosauka pamalopo. Chifukwa chake, mtengowu umakula bwino pakati pama slony a simenti ndi miyala. Komabe, tikumbukire kuti dothi limafuna madzi otayirira, olowera, ndipo kapangidwe kake kanayenera kukhala kakang'ono ka peat kapena phulusa. Ndi bwinonso ngati dothi silinasankhepo kapena pang'ono zamchere, pH 6.0-7.0.
Momwe mungabzalire
Duwa monga Aubriet limawonetsedwa ndi wamaluwa kuti ndi pulasitiki kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, itabzalidwe monga momwe mungafunire, pomwe mutha kupanga dimba kapena mwala wamtundu uliwonse. Kukula kwa fossa kumadalira kutalika kwa mizu yodzala, pomwe mulifupi wake uyenera kukhala wowirikiza kawiri m'phika momwe kumetera kumera. Mukabzala, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mtunda pakati pa tchire uyenera kukhala osachepera 5 cm. Ngati duwa lanu limamera mumtsuko wopangidwa ndi ceramic kapena pulasitiki, ndiye kuti musanabzale mumphika muthiramo madzi. Yembekezani mpaka thovu litayamba kutuluka pansi. Pambuyo pake, chotsani mbewuyo mosamala ndi dothi loumbidwalo ndikuyikamo. Chomera chikabzalidwa, mudzafunika kumangirira dothi, ndikuwaza pansi ndi mulch (pamtunda wa masentimita asanu), ndikuthira mosamala.
Momwe mungasamalire m'munda
Kuthirira
Ndiosavuta kusamalira tsitsi lanu ndipo sizikutenga nthawi yayitali. Maluwa atakula, amafunika kuthirira madzi pokhapokha nthawi yayitali ikakhazikika. Momwemonso, ngati mumakonda kumeza komanso kumeza nthawi zambiri kumeta nyengo yachilimwe, mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo chobzala msanga, pomwe maluwa akutalika pang'ono. Mitundu yaying'ono iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri kuposa achikulire achikulire, koma pankhaniyi, wina ayenera kusamala mokwanira. Kutsirira kumalimbikitsidwa ndikumwaza. Mithunzi itatha kuthirira kapena ngati mvula yadutsa, nthaka ya dothi iyenera kumasulidwa, udzu wonse udzu uzichotsedwapo.
Feteleza
Munthawi yakukula kwa mbewu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwaza pamwamba pa chiwembucho ndi mulch 2 kapena katatu. Pachifukwa ichi, mchenga umagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe makulidwe amayenera kukhala kuchokera 3 mpaka 5 sentimita. Aubrietu amadyetsedwa ndi yankho la feteleza wathunthu wazam'mera wa maluwa osatha. Pankhaniyi, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika maluwa asanayambe, komanso m'dzinja.
Kudulira
Ikadzazirala kuzimiririka nthawi yamasika, izidulidwa pang'ono kufikira nthaka. Potere, kukula kwachinyamata kwa timitengo tating'ono tomwe timayambira. Potengera maziko a aurite, mbewu zina zamaluwa zimangowoneka bwino kwambiri. Pakapita nthawi, imaphukanso.
Momwe mungafalitsire
Kubzala ndi kukula kwaubwino ndikosavuta, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti musaiwale malamulo oyambirira posamalira. Itha kufalikira mosavuta kwambiri ndikudula ndi njira ya mbeu. Za momwe mungakulire maluwa otere kudzera mbande, zomwe tafotokozazi. Komabe, wamaluwa wodziwa zambiri wabzala kumeta mwachindunji panthaka. Asanafesere, nthaka ya mbeu iyenera kukonzedwa. Kuti achite izi, amakukumba mpaka pakuya masentimita 15, amachotsa miyala yonse ndikuchotsa namsongole ndikugwiritsira ntchito feteleza wovuta, choko (laimu) ndi phulusa la nkhuni, kenako ndikuyanambitsa. Mbewu ziyenera kuyikidwa mwachindunji padziko lapansi, pomwe siziyenera kufesedwa kwambiri. Sichifunika kuzamitsidwa, ingothira mchenga pamwamba pa mbewu, pomwe makulidwe ake amayambira 3 mpaka 5 cm. Kenako mbewuzo zimafunikira kuthiriridwa mosamala ndi madzi okwanira. Ngati kufesa kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika, ndiye kuti mbande zoyambirira ziziwoneka m'masabata 1.5-3, ndipo ngati mu Seputembala - pokhapokha nthawi yotsatira yophukira ikadza.
Ndiosavuta kufalitsa mbewuyi ndiudula. Pakati pa nthawi yachilimwe, duwa limadulidwa, pambuyo pake mudzakhala ndi zochuluka zodzala. Monga zodula, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira zomwe mulibe maluwa. Afunika zibzalidwe munyengo yobisamo dothi, yomwe imaphatikizapo mchenga ndi peat (1: 1). Pakumapeto kwa chilimwe, kuzika kwa mizu kuyenera kutha, ndipo zibzalidwe m'malo osavomerezeka. Nyengo yachisanu isanayambe, mbewu zazing'ono zimamera bwino ndikulimba. Zikakhala kuti m'dera lanu nthawi yozizira kumakhala kukuzizira kwambiri kapena matalala pang'ono kugwa nthawi iyi ya chaka, ndiye kuti zodulidwazo sizingabzalidwe pamalo otseguka, koma nkutsalira mu wowonjezera kutentha mpaka nthawi yamasika.
Komanso duwa limatha kufalikira pogawa chitsamba. Ndikofunika kuchita njirayi kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira. Aubrieta salekerera kubereka kotero ndikosavuta. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukumba chitsamba ndikugawa magawo angapo, pomwe pagawo lililonse muyenera kukhala ndi mizu komanso zimayambira bwino. Pambuyo pa izi, ogawa amabzala mu zitsime zosiyana. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuyesa kwanu konse kungakhale kopanda pake, ndipo kukameta ubweya wokhonzedwa mwanjira imeneyi kumatha kufa. Chifukwa chake, alimi odziwa zamaluwa amakonda kutengera njira ya kubereka kapena kudula.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Aubrieta amasiyana kwambiri ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso tizilombo tina zovulaza, ndichifukwa chake zimakhala zosavuta kuzisamalira. Nthawi zina, mmera umatha kudwala matenda a ufa, pomwe chovala choyera chimawonekera pambale ndi maluwa. Matendawa ndi a fungal, ndipo akamakula, chidalirochi chimakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni. Chitsamba choyambukiridwa ndi matenda otere chimataya mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino, ndipo chimakula pang'onopang'ono. Zidutswa za duwa zimasanduka zakuda ndikufa, pomwe tchiya lokha silikhala lozizira pang'ono. Pofuna kuchiritsa powdery mildew, colloidal sulfure ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo malangizo omwe ali pompopowo azitsatira ayenera kutsatiridwa.
Choopsa chachikulu kwambiri cha tizilombo tonse tovulaza pometa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Ichi ndi kachilombo koyamwa komwe kamagwiritsa ntchito madzi a chomera muzakudya. Aphid amagawa matenda owopsa a ma virus. Mutha kuthana ndi tizilombo toyipazi mothandizidwa ndi Karbofos, Biotlin, Fufanon kapena Arrivo. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa matendawa, matenda a 1-4 angafunike.
Mwambiri, duwa lotere, limakonda kukula pakati pa miyala, limadwaladwala.
Momwe mungasamalire zaka zambiri pometa pambuyo maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
Pofalitsa maluwa oterewa ndi njere zomwe adziphatikiza palokha, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti sangasunge mitundu yonse yazomera za kholo. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kutola njere, ndiye kuti mtengowo utazirala masika, ndikofunikira kusiya 2 kapena 3 zimayambira ndi thumba losunga mazira nthawi yakudula. Yembekezani mpaka mbewu zitayamba kuda ndikudula nyemba zanu mosamala. Dzulani, ndikubweretsa mbewuyo mchipindacho ndikucha. Mbewu izi zimafesedwa chisanachitike nthawi yomweyo ngati momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa.
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu
Maluwa atamasuka, akatswiri amalangizidwa kuti adule zitsamba zonse za mbewuyi. Komabe, maluwa atatha, izi sizofunikira. Zimayambira ndi maluwa ayenera kusiyidwa nthawi yonse yozizira, ndipo azidzadulidwa pokhapokha mutayamba masika. Maluwa osatha awa amalola bwino chisanu popanda pogona. Koma dziwani kuti ngati nthawi yozizira imakhala yozizira kwambiri komanso yotentha kwambiri, ndiye kuti mtambowo ungafe, pamenepa, alimi odziwa maluwa amalimbikitsa kudzaza maluwa ndi utoto wa masamba owuma kapena kuwaphimba ndi lapnik.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya aubriet yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Pali mitundu 12 yachilengedwe yomwe imakhalamo, pomwe ina mwa iyo imakhala yolimidwa ndi wamaluwa. Nthawi zambiri, mumatha kukumana m'minda yamitunda yamtunda monga: auret yoyera, a kuCroatia auret, auret apamwamba, ndi a Kolt's auret. Komabe, pali mitundu ina yomwe imakonda kwambiri, ndipo idzafotokozeredwa pansipa.
Aubrieta deltoidea, kapena Auret deltoida
Kutalika kwa herbaceous chomera chamtunduwu kumatha kufika 15 cm. Masamba amaso amtundu wamtundu wamtundu wa deltoid amakhala ndi mano amtundu umodzi kapena 2 m'mphepete iliyonse. Ma loores inflorescence amtundu wa mtundu wa genemose amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono (mainchesi pafupifupi mamilimita 10), omwe amajambulidwa ndi mtundu wa lilac kapena utoto wofiirira. M'mwezi wa Meyi, aubriet ayamba kuphuka. Kutalika kwa maluwa ake kupitirira masabata anayi. Mtunduwu wabzalidwa kuyambira 1710, umadziwika kuti "chitsamba cha lilac". Ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya Bougainville, kutalika kwa tchire lake kumafika masentimita 20, maluwa amapaka utoto wofiirira, pomwe pakati pamakhala mtundu wa lalanje. Chifukwa cha obereketsa, mtundu wa zanyengo wachikhalidwe udawonekera, womwe ndiwotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimiwo, pomwe adatenga maziko achidule ngati maziko.
Chikhalidwe cha Aubrieta (Aubrieta x cultorum), kapena Aubrieta hybrid
Gulu la mbeu zomwe sizidutsa 20 cm mainchesi ndipo zimatha kudutsa chipale chofewa. Timapepala tating'onoting'ono timakhala tozungulira ndipo timanjilidwa m'mphepete. Danga lamtambo wofiirira kapena wa lilac limafika masentimita 1. Mpaka pano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtunduwu imatha kukhala ndi maluwa owirikiza, iwiri komanso yosavuta. Zitha kufalitsidwa mosavuta ndi mbewu. Pali mitundu yomwe imatha kulimidwa mumiphika kunyumba, komanso yoyenera kudula.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya obrita achikhalidwe:
- Kuchotsa. Maluwa oterewa amatha kupaka utoto wofiirira, wa pinki, wabuluu, wofiyira kapena wofiyira, pomwe ali ndi kaso kakang'ono pakati. Ma pepala amtundu wobiriwira chaka chonse amakhala ndi mtundu womwewo.
- Kulimbikitsa Morocco. Tchire ndi labwino komanso lothandiza kwambiri. Maluwa ali ndi kukula kwakukulu (pafupifupi 15 mm mulifupi). Mtundu wawo umatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera ku pinki ndi kufiyira mpaka kubiri.
- Cote d'Azur. Chomera choterocho chili ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri azikongola. Maluwa amapitilira miyezi iwiri yachilimwe. Mu September, maluwa mobwerezabwereza amawonedwa, omwe akupitilira mpaka nyengo yachisanu yozizira.
- Madzi akulu. Uku ndi kusakaniza kosiyanasiyana, komwe kumakhala mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga: pinki, lofiirira, lamtundu, wofera, etc. Kutalika kwa mbewu yosatha nthawi yozizira sikupitirira masentimita 15. Maluwa ali ndi mainchesi sentimita.
Olima amasangalalanso kulima mitundu yotere ya aubriet monga Carnival, Dr. Mules, Don, Gloriosa, Wanda, Blue King, Mfumukazi, Royal Keskade, Triumph, ndi ena.
