Pakati pa ma gour, dzungu limapereka zipatso zabwino kwambiri. Chojambulira, dzungu lolemera 300 kg, adachipeza ndi mlimi ku Central America. Zipatso zazikulu zolemera makilogalamu 100 sizachilendo kumadera athu akum'mwera. Kukula dzungu panja ndi ntchito yosavuta, koma zinthu zina zoti mupeze zokolola zabwino ziyenera kuonedwa.
Dzungu zabwino
Monga ma gour onse, dzungu ndi thermophilic, ndipo mwachilengedwe limapsa kumwera kwa gawo la ku Europe la Russia kudzera pofesa mu dothi. Mzere wapakati ndi zigawo zakum'mawa zimalandira mbewu pokhapokha mbande zikadzala poyera.
Mu dzungu, zonse ndizothandiza - zamkati za zipatso, mbewu ndi peel. Ngakhale gawo lamkati lamkati ndi mankhwala. Vitamini T ilipo dzungu, lomwe silimapezeka mwachilengedwe. Zamkati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika, zimapanga mbale zabwino zathanzi. Mbewu za dzungu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza mafuta ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa mphutsi.
Tchuthi chosangalatsa cha Halowini sichikhala chokwanira popanda maungu owuma, momwe zithunzi za ngwazi zopeka zimapangidwira.
Dzungu lokoma la nutmeg limayamikiridwa kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu iyi imakhala yabwino kuposa ina. Imathiridwa, ndikupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo imakhala ndi utoto wosiyana ndi zipatsozo. Maungu ang'onoang'ono ndiosavuta kusunga nthawi yozizira.
Dzungu kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera kudzera mbande
Pali njira ziwiri zokulitsira masamba a thermophilic:
- mmera;
- kufesa mbewu.
Dzungu litha kubzala kudzera mbande kudera lililonse, m'malo ena nkuphimba kuchokera ku chisanu koyambirira.
Mbewu ziyenera kukonzekereratu, kudziwotcha, kuzikhatira mu phulusa kapena makulidwe a kukula. Nthawi zina zouma mopitirira, nthangala zosakonzekereka sizingabisike. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuphukira zinthu mu moss, utuchi kapena chinyezi, ndikubzala ndi masamba ophukira.
Dziko la mbande limatengedwa lachonde, magalasi ndi akulu. Kumera kumafuna kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 20, koma sungathe kupukuta nthaka. Chifukwa chake, kuthirira ndi madzi ofunda, otha kukhala othandiza. Masamba a cotyledon amatambasuka msanga, ndiye kuti muyenera kusiya malo owaza, koma choyamba muyenera kupindika thunthu lalitali ndi mphete ndikuwaza ndi nthaka. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa kuti mmera ukulira. Pa zenera lakumwera kutentha kwa mbande sikufunikira kuyatsa. Adabzala pansi ndi kutentha kosasunthika. Dzungu amakonda kubzala moto pansi pake kuchokera ku zinyalala zam'mera, utuchi wakale, siltin wa zinyalala za nyengo yozizira kuchokera ku nyama. Zofunikira zadothi:
- mapapu achonde, ma gour sayenera kukhala otsogola;
- Malo otseguka ndi dzuwa ojambula mbali zazitali kumtunda;
- Nyanja yokhala ndi madzi akuya pansi.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira dzungu panja ndikutchinjiriza ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Matenda omwewo omwe amawononga mbewu za nkhaka amathanso kuvulaza dzungu. Chifukwa chake, kuthirira mbewu kumachitika mosamala, kokha ndi madzi ofunda ndi mphete, osanyowetsa nthaka muzu. Maungu amathiriridwa madzi pang'ono, kuwonjezera madzi otuluka ndikudzaza ndikuyimitsa nthawi yakucha. Muzu umachoka pansi mpaka mamita atatu, ndipo ngakhale pachilala dzungu lidzakhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira.
Amakonda chomera ndi michere yazakudya. Kuthirira feteleza kumachitika mlungu uliwonse, kusinthana feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous-potaziyamu. Chomera chonga ma liana sichimakonda kuyandikira kwa mbewu zina zamunda. Amaponyera zotupa pamtunda, ndipo m'malo mwake amatenga mizu yowonjezera, kulimbikitsa chomera. Komabe, mbewuyo ikufunika kuwongoleredwa. Mukamapanga dzungu pang'ono, ndiye kuti angakhale ambiri. Amadina dzungu, ngati zikwapu za nkhaka, kuti lisakule. Zipatso zazikulu zimakula ngati zisiya chisa chimodzi kapena ziwiri.
Ndi kumayambiriro kwa chisanu cham'mawa, ndizowopsa kusiya dzungu popanda chivundikiro m'munda. Chifukwa chake, chihema chosakhalitsa chimayikidwa pamwamba pake kapena zipatso zazikulu zimadulidwa. Dzungu likapsa, kutumphuka kwake kumakhala kolimba, ndipo mchira umawuma. Koma ngakhale osakhwima, amafika m'chipinda chofunda kwa milungu ingapo. Ndipo maungu ang'onoang'ono pambuyo pa Chaka Chatsopano amakhalanso ndi thupi lachikasu, labulosi.
Kufesa dzungu ndi vwende
Mitundu ina yolondola ikhoza kubzala pofesa pansi pakati pa Russia. Butternat, kucha m'masiku 100 ndi Muscat, ndi amtunduwu, koma amathanso kumera ndi mbande zokha. Mwa mitundu ya maungu 800, maswiti omwe mumawakonda kuposa 40. Kummwera, Zarya Vostoka, nyengo yozizira ya Gribovskaya adakulidwa, ndikupeza shuga 12%. Kucha kwambiri kwapakatikati kwacha ndi Barn, Marble, Almond.
M'madera akumwera, mwachitsanzo, ku Crimea, mavwende okhala ndi maungu amapatsidwa gawo lalikulu la minda. Zomera zobzalidwa m'maenje angapo, kusiya imodzi, chomera champhamvu kwambiri. Nthaka ya dzungu imaperekedwa popanda chilengedwe. Zomera zilizonse, kupatula mavwende, amatha kukhala otsogola, kuti asafalitse matenda ndi tizirombo ku mbewu zina.
Chofunikira chachikulu pachikhalidwe ichi ndi kutentha. Masana, matenthedwe amayenera kukhala pafupifupi madigiri 30, ndipo usiku 18. Dzungu mukadzala pachitunda, kutsina ndizovomerezeka. Kukula msipu wobiriwira kumatenga chakudya kuchokera pachipatso. Koma ndikofunikira kuchita njira zoteteza mbewu. M'mabungwe akuluakulu, njira zotchinjiriza zimasankhidwa ndi akatswiri kunyumba; ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zolimbana.
M'mafamu achinsinsi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono zomwe zimaloledwa kuzigwiritsa ntchito pamafamu awo othandizira. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi ma slgs omwe amalimbana nawo pofalitsa laimu, superphosphate, singano za coniferous, kapena kupanga misampha kuzungulira chomera.
Zabodza komanso zabodza zimatha kuwononga mbewu masiku angapo. Chifukwa chake, kupopera mankhwala kutsutsana ndi anthracosis ndi mame aku America ndikofunikira. Dzungu ikacha, imatsimikizika ndi boma la peel. Sayenera kukanikizidwa ndi dzanja, ndipo mchirawo uziuma. Potere, nthawi yakucha imadalira mitundu ndipo imatha kubwera masiku 90 kapena 150. Pambuyo pake mitundu imatha kudziunjikira michere yambiri komanso dzuwa. Ngakhale zipatso zosakhazikika zosasinthika zimasanduka chikaso pakapita nthawi ndipo zimakhala ndi malingaliro abwino komanso okongola.
