Feteleza zachilengedwe: mitundu, ntchito, zolakwika

Ndizosatsutsika kuti feteleza wachilengedwe ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yazomera zathu. Komabe, ambiri aife sitikudziwa kuti, kuphatikiza pa mapindu awo, amatha kukhala ovulaza kwambiri. Ndipo izi zimachitika chifukwa chosazindikira miyambo ndi malamulo ake kuti ayambitse. Tiyeni tiwone: kodi zolakwika zazikulu ziti zomwe timapanga ndikunyamulidwa ndikufalitsa feteleza wachilengedwe, ndi momwe tingayenderere nkhaniyi molondola kuti mupindule kwambiri.

Ng'ombe

Ndowe za ng'ombe ndi imodzi mwaz feteleza wotchuka kwambiri komanso wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Osatinso mwangozi! Imakongoletsa kapangidwe ka dothi, imachulukitsa kupuma kwake ndi chinyezi, imakhala ndi mwayi wautali (kuyambira zaka 3 mpaka 7, kutengera kapangidwe ka dothi), ndipo nthawi zambiri ndizosavuta kuyipeza kuposa, mwachitsanzo, peat yomweyo. Komabe, ambiri olima ndi osamalira mundawo sakudziwa mbali yachilendo ya fetelezayu, chifukwa chake, mwa "mnzake", osadziwa, amapeza mdani.

Choyamba, pakubweretsa manyowa, pali malamulo ena. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala 30 - 40 matani pa hekitala imodzi, kamodzi pa zaka zinayi. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndikofunikira kubweretsa manyowa a ng'ombe mu mulingo wambiri wa 3-4 kg (osati 6 kg) osati pachaka lalikulu la chiwembu Chifukwa chiyani? Yankho lake ndi losavuta! Kutengera kuti manyowa owola amapereka zakudya muzaka pafupifupi zaka 4, kuigwiritsa ntchito ngati feteleza wamkulu pachaka kumatanthauza zochulukirapo za zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndipo makamaka nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Ndi kuthirira kwabwino, ndipo pakupsa timayesa kuthirira mabedi athu tsiku lililonse, njira zowonongeka zatsalira zomwe zidalowetsedwa m'nthaka ndi manyowa zimathamanga, nayitrogeni amatulutsidwa zochuluka, ndipo masamba athu amakhala ndi ma nitrate.

Kachiwiri, manyowa a ng'ombe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pakukula, popeza mwatsopano ndi gwero la matenda, tizirombo ndi nyemba za udzu. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka koyambirira, manyowa atsopano amatulutsa mpweya wambiri komanso kutentha. Kuphatikiza ndi mpweya wokwanira wa nayitrogeni, izi zimapereka chidwi pakukula kwa mbewu, pomwe minofu yake, yomwe imapangidwa mwachangu, ilibe nthawi yakucha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mbewu zimatha kufooka ndipo sizimatha kupanga mbewu yoyenera kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.

Chachitatu, ngati mukutsata tsamba lanu, ndibwino kuti muchite izi mukugwa, pansi pokumba. Koma pali chododometsa chimodzi pano, chimagwiranso ntchito kwa nayitrogeni: popeza chinthu ichi chomwe chili ndi mphamvu zakusungunulira pofalitsa manyowa kuzungulira malowo, ndikofunikira kuti chodzala m'nthaka nthawi yomweyo.

Chachinayi, ngati muli ndi dothi acidic, ndiye kuti simuyenera kunyamula manyowa a ng'ombe, chifukwa amathandizira kwambiri kuphatikiza asidi. Muyenera kukonda manyowa a mahatchi (4-6 makilogalamu pa 1 m²), kapena kuphatikiza ntchito ng'ombe (yazikhalidwe zochepa) kuphatikiza ndi malire.

Ndipo pamapeto pake, pobweretsa manyowa mu maenje obzala, ndikofunikira kupewa kulumikizana ndi mizu ya mbewu, chifukwa zimatha kuwotchedwa, zomwe zimachepetsa kupulumuka komanso kukula.

Kompositi

Manyowa masiku ano alowa m'malo mwa manyowa, ngakhale muyezo wothira nthaka ndi womwewo. Ili ndi nayitrogeni ambiri, calcium, phosphorous, yochulukitsa zinthu. Imachulukitsa enzymatic ntchito ya dothi, kukonzanso kwake kwa nayitrogeni, kumapangitsa malo amoyo opindulitsa a microflora.

Zowopsa pakugwiritsa ntchito kompositi ndi kusankha feteleza wokhwima pang'ono. Ndiosavomerezeka chifukwa imakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi namsongole. Komabe, mwanjira yovalira bwino mbande, kompositi yokhwima bwino ndi yoyenera ndipo imatha kukhala gwero labwino la zakudya zazing'ono kwa ana. Kompositi yokhwima ikhoza kukhala ngati mulch. Munjira iyi, imasunga chinyontho bwino ndipo ndi gwero labwino la michere.

Kuphatikiza apo, kompositi ya chaka choyamba cha kukhwima imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, chifukwa chake, ikatha kukhazikitsidwa, zaka zoyambirira siziyenera kubzalidwe pazomera zophatikizidwa ndi iwo, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa nitrate: beets, radish, sipinachi, saladi, ndi kukula pamabedi oterowo nkhaka, dzungu, zukini, kabichi. Pamodzi ndi izi, fetelezayu si wolemera kwambiri mu magnesium ndi calcium, motero ayenera kuwonjezeredwa.

Ndipo pamapeto pake, kompositi ndi malo osungirako nyama ndipo, monga chotulukapo chake, wogulitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngati chimbalangondo. Chifukwa chake, musanachondetse pamasamba a munthu wina, ndikofunikira kufunsa ngati chipatsochi chilipo.

Phulusa

Ambiri aife tikudziwa kuti phulusa ndi feteleza wabwino kwambiri wochokera kusukulu. Komabe, ilinso ndi mawonekedwe ake, kudziwa komwe kungathandize kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa m'malo awo, osavulaza.

Woyamba. Phulusa limakhala ndi potaziyamu, phosphorous, magnesium, chitsulo, boron, molybdenum, manganese ndi zinthu zina m'njira yopezeka ndi zomera. Koma mulibe nayitrogeni pamndandanda uwu! Chifukwa chake, pamodzi ndi phulusa, feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni ayenera kuyikiridwa pamabedi awo. Komabe, simungathe kuchita izi nthawi imodzi, chifukwa kusakaniza kotereku kumabweretsa kupanga kwambiri kwa ammonia, komwe kumawononga kukula kwa mbewu.

Lachiwiri. Zinthu zomwe zimapezeka phulusa zimasokoneza nthaka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuzigwiritsa ntchito pamadothi okhala ndi alkaline komanso osagwirizana ndi pH mosamala kwambiri, koma ndi kuchuluka (acidic) - palibe zoletsa.

Chachitatu. Ngati mukusonkhanitsa phulusa kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtsogolo, onetsetsani kuti chinyezi sichilowa mu thanki ya feteleza, apo ayi pofika poti phulusa likalowa mu dothi, limakhala lopanda ntchito, chifukwa lingataye phindu lakelo.

Chachinayi. Pali phulusa ndi malo owerengera nthawi. Ngati mukuchita ndi dongo komanso dothi louma, ndiye kuti nthawi yabwino kwambiri ndi izi ndi yophukira, pomwe pali dothi lamchenga ndi peaty - masika.

Lachisanu. Nthawi zambiri, phulusa losazolima wamaluwa limabweretsedwa pansi pokumba kwambiri. Koma njira yabwino ndiyo kukhazikitsa kwake mabowo obzala kapena kufalikira padziko lapansi, ndikutsatira kumasula kwa kumtunda kwake. Kapena gwiritsani ntchito mukathirira, chisakanizo chokonzekera chokhala ndi kapu imodzi ya phulusa ndi 10 malita a madzi.

Ndipo komabe ... Ngati mungaganize zodyetsa mbande ndi phulusa, kumbukirani kuti zingatheke kuchita izi mukangooneka masamba atatu enieniwo, apo ayi, mchere womwe umapanga feteleza umalepheretsa kukula kwa mbeu zazing'ono. Koma phulusa la radish nthawi zambiri limapindika: likalowa gawo la chomera, chikhalidwe chimayamba kuwombera ndipo mutha kuyiwala za kukolola bwino.

Sawdust

Feteleza wachilengedweyu ndiwotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa makamaka chifukwa chopezeka. Komabe, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malamulo, ikhoza kuwononga chonde m'nthaka kuposa kuilera. Chifukwa chake, nkosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito utuchi mosaganizira mulimonse.

Lamulo lalikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito utuchi ndi kupsa kwazinthu zopaka. Mukachekera masamba, ndiye kuti pamakhala kowopsa. Zoyambitsidwa mu dothi, zinthu zachilengedwe zotere zimatulutsa nayitrogeni ndi chinyezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zizivutika chifukwa cha kusowa kwawo, chifukwa chake, ngakhale dothi litakulungidwa ndi utuchi, limangolungika kapena kusakanizidwa ndi urea, pamlingo wa 1 galasi la feteleza pamabatani atatu a utuchi.

Kuphatikiza apo, utuchi umakonda kuphatikiza dothi. Chifukwa chake, musanawalowetsere mu dothi la acidic, ndikofunikira kuti muwale.

Peat

Ambiri aife sitidziwa chilichonse chokhudza feteleza wachilengedweyu. Komabe, peat, ngati manyowa, imasula dothi bwino, ndikuyendetsa bwino madzi ake. Nthawi yomweyo, peat ndi yochepa kwambiri pazakudya ndikupangika pakubweza kwa nayitrogeni. Chifukwa chake, sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu wokhawo wa feteleza womwe umayikidwa, koma makamaka ngati kompositi, kuphatikiza ndi zowonjezera zamafuta ndi michere.

Kuphatikiza apo, sikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera mawonekedwe a peat mwatsopano, koma nyengo ikangokhalira kukhazikika, popeza mtundu wake watsopano umakhala ndi mankhwala a aluminium ndi chitsulo, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa kumtunda wa chomera ndikudutsa mlengalenga kwa milungu itatu kukhala mitundu yopanda oxide. Chinyezi cha peat yoyambitsidwayo, kuti isakoke chinyontho pansi, ikhale 60%.

Ngati mukugwiritsabe ntchito peat m'dera lanu ngati feteleza wachilengedwe, onetsetsani kuti mwatseka pafosholo. Mutha kuchita izi onse mu kasupe ndi kugwa, palibe masiku apadera omwe apangire nkhaniyi.

Chofunikira kwambiri cha peat ndikuthekera kwakedula dothi, chifukwa chake, pama dothi acidic, isanagwiritsidwe, iyenera kufalikira. Mwa izi, phulusa (10 makilogalamu pa 100 makilogalamu a peat), ufa wa dolomite (5 kg pa 100 makilogalamu a peat) kapena laimu (5 kg pa 100 kg ya peat) ndi yoyenera. Mulingo wa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza pa 1 lalikulu. m kuchokera 4 mpaka 8 kg.

Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti peat imagawidwa m'mitundu itatu: lowland, apakati komanso apamwamba. Zoyambilira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza, zomalizazo zimangokhala mulch, ndibwino kupangira mbewu nyengo yachisanu.

Ndowera mbalame

Mtengo wopatsa thanzi wa zitosi za mbalame tingauyerekezere ndi feteleza wamafuta ochulukirapo. Ichi ndi nkhokwe ya nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, magnesium, phosphorous. Yokhala ndi ma bacteriophages, samangophatikiza kokha, komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthaka, ndikupondereza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda angapo. Komabe ndi izi zomwe zikuwunikira malamulo ena ogwiritsira ntchito feteleza.

Chifukwa chakuti zitosi za mbalame zimakhala ndi uric acid wambiri, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zikhale zatsopano, koma monga gawo la zophatikiza, ndi kuwonjezera kwa turf, peat kapena dothi (m'chiyerekezo cha 1 x 2). Ndizotheka kuwonjezera ngati tincture - gawo limodzi la zinyalala mpaka malita 20 amadzi (yimirirani masiku 10). Nthawi yomweyo, kuthirira ndi kusakaniza uku kuyenera kuchitika panthaka yothinitsidwa bwino m'makola oyendera mzere. Ndipo popeza fetelezayu amayamba kuchita ngati patadutsa masiku 10 atalowa mu dothi, ndibwino kuwaza mabowo omwe ali mchitsime momwe amathandizira kuti izi zitheke.

Ngati ndowe za mbalame zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wopangidwa mwaluso, ndipo ndi zabwino kwambiri, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala 1 - 1.5 makilogalamu pa 1 sq.m. Chotsatira chowala cha kudzaza dothi chimawonedwa kwa zaka zitatu. Kuvala kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe kumatha kuchitika katatu nyengo: zitosi zowuma - 0,5 makilogalamu pa 1 sq.m, zosaphika - 0,4 kg pa 1 sq.m.

Feteleza Wobiriwira

Siderata ndi imodzi mwazinthu zotsika mtengo kwambiri za feteleza wachilengedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo nkopindulitsa makamaka pofunika kuthana ndi mavuto nthawi yayitali. Mothandizidwa ndi mbewu zobiriwira za manyowa kuti musangokulitsa nthaka ndi mchere wofunikira, komanso kukonza mawonekedwe ake, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa namsongole, kukopa nyongolotsi, kuteteza zigawo kumtunda kuti zisaulutse michere ndi kukokoloka. Komabe, pali zinsinsi nazonso ...

Munda wobzalidwa ndi mpiru.

Alimi ambiri, omwe amabzala manyowa obiriwira, amangodikirira kuti akwaniritse bwino, kenako ndikukwirira mbewu m'nthaka, osadziwa kuti ndibwino kuchita zina. M'malo mwake, ndikosavuta kukwaniritsa zambiri ndikudula mbewu zam'mera ndikufalitsa masamba awo pansi pa kama, ngati mulch. Chifukwa chake, mizu ya mbewu, yatsala m'nthaka, idzagwira ntchito kukonza malo ake ozama, ndipo mulch yosanjikiza idzapereka chinyezi posungira, ndikupanga malo opanga zophatikiza zopindulitsa, kuletsa kumera kwa udzu, ndikuwongolera kumera kwazomera. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti achichepere obiriwira ambiri, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni mmenemo, okulirapo - ndiye kuti ndizochulukirapo. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yodulira feteleza wobiriwira imawerengedwa kuti ndiyo nthawi isanayambike kuphukira kapena mphindi yakupanga.