Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito utuchi m'munda?

Mnyumba, makamaka pantchito yomanga, utuchi udzaunjikana - zinyalala zochoka ku ukalipentala. Achinyamata ena, osamvetsa kuti ndi chiyani chamtengo wapatali chomwe udalimo udagwera m'manja mwawo, nthawi yomweyo amatumiza zinyalala kumoto, kenako phulusa ngati feteleza wobalalika mozungulira mundawo. Zowonadi ndi kuti komwe mungagwiritse ntchito utuchi, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, ndipo ndiyofunikira kuchita? Ndithamangira kuwatsimikizira owerenga. Pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito utuchi pakulima. Amangofunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Tiyeni tiyese kudziwa komwe utuchi ukugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Sawdust kuti mugwiritse ntchito m'mundamo.

Kodi utuchi ndi chiyani?

Sawdust - zinyalala zochotsa nkhuni ndi zinthu zina (plywood, matabwa, ndi zina). Sawdust zakuthupi ndizopepuka. Kuchulukitsa kwakuchuluka kwa nkhuni zamatabwa ndi makilogalamu 100 pa 1 m³ ndipo matani 1 ali ndi zida za 9-10 m raw zopangidwa ndi chinyezi chokwanira 8-15% (Gome 1). Izi ndiwosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Tebulo 1. Kuchulukana kwa nkhuni

Chikhalidwe cha kapangidwe ka utuchi

Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala a utuchi kumadziwika ndi izi:

• 50% kaboni:
• 44% okosijeni:
• 6% haidrojeni%
• 0,1% nayitrogeni.

Kuphatikiza apo, nkhuni zili ndi 27% lignin, yomwe imapatsa mitengo kuchulukana komanso 70% ya hemicellulose (pafupifupi, chakudya chamoto).

Zinthu zachilengedwe, zikaumbidwa munthaka, ndizopereka zofunikira zofunikira ndi mbeu. 1 m³ wa utuchi uli ndi 250 g ya calcium, 150-200 g wa potaziyamu, 20 g wa nayitrogeni, pafupifupi 30 g wa phosphorous. Mumitundu ina ya utuchi (makamaka yodziyimira), kupangidwa kwa nkhuni kumakhala ndi zinthu zotsalira zomwe zimakulira kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu.

Sawdust ndi gawo losalala ndipo ngati likalowa m'nthaka, nthawi yomweyo limasanjidwa ndi microflora. Amakhala ndi organic zakuthupi, microflora pakuwola kwa utuchi imagwiritsa ntchito michere yamatabwa ndi nthaka, kutsirizitsa zomalizirazo ndi michere yoyenera (nitrogen yomweyo ndi phosphorous).

Kuphatikizidwa kwa utuchi wopangidwa ndi matabwa achilengedwe sikumayambitsa chifuwa, panthawi yophatikizira sikutulutsa mpweya woipa. Koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti zomwe zili pamwambazi zimatanthauzira nkhuni zachilengedwe, zomwe zimatsimikizira kapangidwe ka utuchi. Sawdust ngati zinyalala zochokera ku matabwa opangidwa mwaluso opangidwa ndi glues ndi ma varnish sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakudimba.

Mitundu ya utuchi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo

Sawdust imatchedwa kutengera mtundu waukulu wa chikhalidwe chamatabwa: birch, linden, oak, chestnut, pine, aspen, coniferous, etc.

Mitundu yonse ya utuchi (mitundu yamtundu uliwonse) ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafamuyo. Koma choyamba muyenera kuchepetsa zovuta zawo pazinthu zadothi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.

Izi ndi zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri zopangira zinthu zambiri pazachuma chanu. Sawdust imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba za pafamu, kumata makhoma, pansi komanso pazochitika zina.

Koma chofunikira kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito utuchi m'minda:

• Kusintha mkhalidwe wa dothi pobzala m'munda kapena mbewu zam'munda.
• Monga chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimakonzekeretsa kompositi.
• Ngati ntchito mulching masamba, maluwa ndi maluwa horticultural.
• Sawdust imakhala ndi mafuta ochepa otentha ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotenthetsera ku zomera zokonda kutentha (maluwa, zipatso zam'mwera zakatundu, zakumwa zozizira kumadera ozizira).
• Sawdust ndi gawo lofunikira pakukonzekera mabedi ofunda.
• Monga chophimba panjira, kuyambira pakukulitsa chomeracho namsongole.

Njira zogwiritsira ntchito utuchi

Kusintha zofunikira za dothi

Dothi lakuda, dongo ndi loamy dothi ndilobowola komanso lolemera. Zomera zambiri zam'munda zimakonda dothi lopepuka, lotayirira, la airy komanso lokwanira. Kufunika kwa dothi lotereku kungathe kusintha ndikuwonjezera mpaka 50% ya dothi lambiri la utuchi pokonzekera magawo obiriwira kapena pokonza dothi losakaniza mbeu zokulira.

Kuti utuchi usachepetse chonde, umasakanikirana ndi manyowa owola pang'ono musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kapena mchere, amawonjezera yankho la urea kapena mullein.

Sawdust composting

Kukonzekera kompositi kumachotsa zoipa zonse za utuchi (kutaya kwa dothi lambiri ndi michere, kuchepa kwa zinthu za oxidizer, kuchepa kwa zinthu zotsalira, zina).

Kompositi ikhoza kukonzedwa m'njira ziwiri:

• landirani kompositi yofulumira kapena ya aerobic (yofikira mpweya), yomwe ikhale yokonzekera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'miyezi 1.0-2.0;
• kompositi wa anaerobic (wopanda mpweya); Kukonzekera kumeneku ndikutali (miyezi 3-6, kutengera zomwe agwiritsidwa ntchito), koma ndi njira iyi, phindu la zopatsa mphamvu limasungidwa.

Kompositi utuchi.

Kukonzekera Kompositi wa Aerobic

Ndi njirayi, ndizotheka kukonzekera utuchi-mchere, utuchi-organic ndi manyowa osakanikirana ndi utuchi.

1. Kwa kompositi wa mchere wa utuchi kwa makilogalamu 50 (0.5 m³) wa utuchi kuwonjezera 1.25 makilogalamu a urea, 0,4 kg wa superphosphate (pawiri) ndi 0,75 kg wa potaziyamu sulfate. Zomera zimasungunuka m'madzi ofunda ndipo utuchi umakhetsedwa, kuwaphatikiza mosiyanasiyana kapena kuwayika m'magawo. Ulalo uliwonse umakhetsedwa ndi yankho lakonzedwa. Panthawi ya kompositi, mulu wa kompositi umasakanikirana kuti uchulukitse mpweya, womwe umathandizira kupendekera kwa utuchi.
2. Kuti tikonze manyowa a utuchi, manyowa a nkhuku ndi manyowa amafunika. Zinthu za organic zimawonjezeredwa ku utuchi pamlingo wa 1: 1 (mwa kulemera) ndikusakanizika ndi utuchi kapena woyikira kupesa. Mukapsa, yambitsani muluwo ndi pitchfork (kukankha).
3. Kupanga manyowa osakanizika ndi utuchi, kompositi ya dongo imayikidwa kaye, ndipo mwezi umodzi ukapsa, manyowa kapena ndowe zimawonjezeredwa. Manyowa akuwonjezeredwa mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1, ndipo manyowa a nkhuku amakhala ochepa 2 times (1: 0.5).

Kumbukirani kuti kuthamanga kwamphamvu kumafunikira kugona kosavomerezeka. Mphepo imayenda momasuka mumulu wa kompositi, yomwe imathandizira kuwonongeka kwa zigawo za kompositi.

Ngati zofunikira zonsezo zayikidwa mu kasupe, ndiye kuti ndi kugwa zimacha ndipo zidzakhala zokonzeka kuyambitsa pansi pokumba. Zinthu zoterezi zitha kuthiridwa hafu yophika pambuyo pa masabata atatu. Sanakhale feteleza, koma ataya kale katundu wa zinthu zoipa pamtunda ndi mbewu.

Pokumba, pangani zidebe za 1-2 za kompositi yopanga kale, kutengera mtundu wa dothi.

Njira yokonzekera manyowa a Anaerobic

Mwanjira ya anaerobic, mulu wa kompositi umakonzedwa kwakanthawi, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera zina. M'dzenje la kompositi lomwe limakhala lakuya masentimita 50, zinthu zingapo zophwanyika zimayikidwa m'matauni a 15-25 masentimita (masamba, nthambi, namsongole wosafesa, utuchi, manyowa, nsonga za mundawo, zinyalala za chakudya, ndi zina). Udzu uliwonse umakonkhedwa ndi fosholo imodzi kapena ziwiri ndikuthiridwa ndi yankho la feteleza. Kufikira 100 g ya nitrophoska amawonjezeredwa ku ndowa yankho.

Mosiyana ndi njira yoyamba (aerobic), zinthu zonse zimapindika bwino kuti muchepetse mpweya. Pankhaniyi, anaerobic microflora amachititsa nayonso mphamvu. Pambuyo pakuyala mulu wa kompositi, imakutidwa ndi filimu kapena udzu. Mafuta amatenga miyezi 4-6. Manyowa a Anaerobic ndi "opatsa thanzi" ndipo mitundu yonse ya zinyalala (kuphatikiza nthambi zoyipa) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera.

Mukamalowa kompositi, chinyontho chokwanira cha mulu wa kompositi chiyenera kukhala 50-60%, kutentha + 25 ... + 30 ° С.

Zingwe zokulungidwa ndi utuchi.

Sawdust mulching

Kuphatikiza kumasulira m'Chirasha kumatanthauza kuphimba, pogona.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito utuchi:

• Sawdust mulch ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zotsika mtengo zosintha bwino nthaka;
• imasunga chosanjikiza kumtunda;
• kutchingira bwino. Kuteteza dothi kuti lisamatenthe komanso nthawi yomweyo limadutsa mpweya, kuletsa kukula kwa fungus ndi bacteria bacteria;
• mulch kuchokera utuchi amalimbikitsa makutidwe ndi okhatikiza a nthaka, omwe ndi ofunikira mbewu zingapo, makamaka zamaluwa: begonias, pelargonium, ivy, ficus, cyclamen, citrus ndi ena;
• imateteza zipatso zakupsa polumikizana ndi dothi kuti zivunde komanso tizirombo (slugs).

Zoyipa za Sawdust Mulch

Zida zoyipa za utuchi zimachitika mukagwiritsa ntchito molakwika:

• mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, zinthu zosaphika izi zimawoloka zaka zopitilira 8-10, pogwiritsa ntchito michere yamtundu poti nayonso mphamvu;
• mukamagwiritsa ntchito utuchi popangira manyowa, kutentha kumakwera msanga;
• Zipangizo zophatikizidwa ndi kuphatikizidwa nthawi zonse kumawonjezera acidity ya nthaka.

Njira zogwiritsira ntchito utuchi mulch

Udongo wofesedwa bwino umaphimba njira zokhazo komanso malo ena opanda mbewu zomera. Mwachitsanzo: ma kanjira, njira, mitengo ikuluikulu yamaluwa.

Mulch wowala amawonetsa kunyezimira kwa dzuwa, komwe kumachepetsa Kutentha kwa kumtunda kwa dothi.

Pomwe imayamba kuzimiririka, mulch weniweni umawonjezeredwa ku kanjira ndi m'mabande. Danga la mulch losapulika la 6-8 masentimita, lokonzedwa, limaletsa kukula kwa namsongole.

Mulch amasunga chinyontho bwino munthaka komanso pamwamba. Kwa nthawi yayitali, chapamwamba chimasungidwa chonyowa, kuchitchinjiriza kuti chisaume komanso kusokonekera.

Mulch imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinyalala pansi pa mabulosi, omwe mbewu yake imafalikira pansi (mwachitsanzo: pansi pa sitiroberi, sitiroberi).

Tambalala nthaka mozungulira mzere wa korona wa mbewu zam'munda. Mutha kuyeretsa (kusanachitike) utuchi - polimbana ndi kuchuluka kwa maudzu ndi kompositi ngati feteleza wachilengedwe.

Mulch dothi pansi pa mbewu amangofunika kukonzedwa kwa utuchi.

M'mizere ndi mbewu, pansi pa tchire la zipatso, kokha mulch yokonzedwa imangowonjezeredwa (kompositi kompositi kapena yophika theka)

Mukukula, mbewu zimadyedwa pamwamba pa utuchi. Feteleza adathandizira kuthamanga kwawo.

Mukatha kukolola, ntchito yophukira imachitika mwachindunji pa mulch: amakumba dothi poyambira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wopangira michere ndi michere.

Kulowetsa mabedi ndi utuchi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito utuchi mulch kukonzera mabedi aatali komanso ofunda

Mabedi ofunda otentha amakonzedwa pamalo aliwonse (amwala, miyala, komanso pansi pamtunda).

Mabedi ofunda (otsika, pamwamba) amapezeka panthaka yozizira, komanso kupeza masamba omwe amakonda kutentha, mbande zokulira.

Zomera zamasamba zimakhwima msanga pamabedi oterowo, sizimakhudzidwa ndi zowola za fungal ndipo zimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo.

Kukonzekera mabedi kumachitika monga mwa nthawi zonse:

• pansi pamiyala yokhala ndi "zotsekera" zosanjikiza nthambi zamtundu ndi zinyalala zina;
• wosanjikiza wachiwiri wokutidwa ndi utuchi, wothiriridwa ndi yankho la urea;
• owazidwa ndi dothi lililonse, kwenikweni mafosholo ochepa;
• chotsatira chimayikidwa kuchokera ku chinthu china chilichonse chamoyo - udzu, manyowa, udzu wosankhidwa, zinyalala za masamba;
• utoto uliwonse umakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10-15, ndipo kutalika konse kwa mabedi kumakhala koyenera kwa mwini;
• Nthawi zambiri mafuta owotchera zinthu zotayidwa amaikidwa pamalo okwera 50-60 cm;
• zigawo zonse zimakhetsedwa ndi madzi otentha, makamaka ndi yankho la urea kapena chilichonse chamoyo (manyowa, zitosi za mbalame);
• yokutidwa ndi kanema wakuda; kutentha kwanyengo kumatha sabata;
• atachepetsa kutentha kwa yogwira mphamvu, filimu imachotsedwa ndikuyika dothi.

Bedi lalitali limasiyanitsidwa ndi mpanda kuti usawonongeke. Mabedi ofunda wamba amawakwiramo masentimita 25-30 kapena kukonzedwa mwachindunji pamtunda, ndikuchotsa dothi lapamwamba kwambiri (10-15 cm).

Ngati kuli kofunika kutenthetsa bedi mwachangu, gwiritsani ntchito utuchi wosakanizika ndi mandimu pang'ono ndi phulusa, wothira ndi yankho lotentha la urea. Mutha kukonza msanganizo wa utuchi ndi manyowa. Wamaluwa amagwiritsanso ntchito njira zina potenthetsa nthaka ya kama ofunda.

Njira zingapo zosanjikana m'munda ndi utuchi.

Sawdust monga kutchingira ndi zofunda

Sawdust ndimtendere wabwino kwa ana ang'onoang'ono ndi mbewu zomwe zimakonda kutentha.

• Mukabzala m'malo ozizira a mbewu zomwe zimakonda kutentha (mphesa, mipesa yosiyanasiyana), utuchi waukulu wosakanizika ndi tchipisi tating'ono (monga ngalande) umathiridwa pansi pa dzenjelo. Adzakhala chotchingira moto kuzizira kwambiri.
• Sawdust imatha kudzazidwa (kupendekera mopepuka) ndi matumba apulasitiki kapena matumba ndikukuluka kumbali zonse ndi mizu ndi mphukira zazomera zazing'ono musanakhazikike kuzizira.
• Ndikotheka kudzaza kutalika konse ndi mphesa za utuchi, clematis, rasipiberi ndi mbewu zina zoterera pansi. Phimbani ndi kanema pamwamba ndikuphwanya kapena kukoka kuchokera kumanjenjemera. Malo oterowo amakonzedwa pamaso pa chisanu kwambiri kuti mbewa, makoswe ena ndi tizirombo tisakonzere "nyumba" zachisanu mozizira mu utuchi.
• Malo otentha amatha kukonzekereratu tchire, mbewu zina zokonda kutentha ndi mbande zazipatso zazing'ono ngati mafelemu amitengo. Thirani utuchi pamwamba pa chimango. Fotokozerani nthaka ndi utuchi ndikuphimba ndi zojambulazo. Likasandulika malo okumbika koyamba kapena chitunda chotentha. Ngati mukufinya utuchi mkati mwa zishango ndikuphimba chishango ndi kanema, tchire lidzapulumuka nyengo yozizira. Mu nthawi yophukira, tchire liyenera kumasulidwa ku utuchi, kuti matalala asungunuke, madziwo asalowe mkati ndipo kuzungulira kwa gawo lakumayambiriro kwa mbewu sikuyamba. Osasiya utuchi wotseguka. Amadzaza ndi chinyezi, amaundana ndi mtanda umodzi ndipo mbewu pansi pakepo zimafa.

Nkhaniyi imangokhala ndi mndandanda wochepa wokha wogwiritsa ntchito utuchi m'munda ndi m'mundamo. Lembani za momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito utuchi. Zomwe mwakumana nazo zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi owerenga athu, makamaka wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa.