Chomera chamadzi chotulutsa pachaka kapena cham'madzi chotchedwa cosmeos, chotchedwanso kuti Mexico aster, kapena cosmos, ndi membala wa banja la Asteraceae. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu yoposa 20. Dzinali limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek "kosmeo", lomwe limamasulira "zokongoletsa". Cosmeus amachokera kumadera otentha komanso otentha ku America. Mitundu yambiri zachilengedwe imatha kupezeka ku Mexico. Chapakati pake pali mitundu itatu yokha ya cosmea yomwe imalimidwa, pomwe imodzi mwaiwo ndi osatha, ndi ina iwiri osatha.
Makhalidwe a Cosmei
Kutalika kwa tchire cosmea kumatha kukhala 0,5 mpaka 1.5 metres. Nthambi zokhala ndi nthambi zowonda ndizochepa thupi komanso zimasinthasintha. Ma plates odulidwa kawiri odulidwa ndiwabwino kwambiri komanso osalala. Mabasiketi a inflorescences, akunja kofanana ndi daisies, mainchesi amafika pafupifupi masentimita 12. Amatha kukhala osakwatiwa kapena kukhala gawo la inflorescence yooneka ngati corymbose. Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa a tubular apakatikati, omwe ndi ochepa kwambiri komanso wotumbulika chikasu, komanso maluwa akuluakulu abango, omwe amatha kupaka utoto wa pinki, woyera, wofiirira, wofiirira ndi wachikaso chagolide.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, mumatha kumva kapena kuwerenga momwe mungakulire terry cosmea. Pankhaniyi, si mitundu yokhayokha yomwe imatanthawuza, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cosmea, yomwe idalandilidwa kalekale ndi obereketsa. Chipatsochi ndi achene, chomwe chimakhala ndi imvi, chikaso kapena mtundu wa bulauni. Mbewu zimagwirabe ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri.
Kukula Cosmey kuchokera ku Mbewu
Kufesa
Pakupanga nthanga za cosmean zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, chikhalidwe choterechi chimatha kubzala kudzera mbande kapena nthangala zobzalidwa mwachindunji.
Kodi zofesedwa panthaka nthawi yanji?
Kubzala mbewu panthaka kumachitika koyambirira kwa nthawi yamasika, nthawi yomweyo chisanu chimasungunuka. Mbewu ziyenera kugawidwa panthaka ndi zisa za 3 kapena 4 zidutswa, pomwe mtunda pakati pawo uzikhala kuyambira 0,3 mpaka 0.4 mita. Mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa munthaka yopanda malire (osapitirira 10 mm), chifukwa amafunika kuyimitsidwa pang'ono ndi dzanja. Maluwa atakula mwanjira imeneyi amayamba kuphuka mu Julayi kapena m'masiku oyamba a Ogasiti. Kufesa mbewu panthaka zitha kuchitidwa kumapeto kwa dzinja ndi nthawi yachisanu. Komanso, chikhalidwe chamaluwa ichi chimatha kufalitsa podzilimitsa nokha, mu nthawi ya masika muyenera kungochepera mbande zomwe zawonekera.
Mbewu za Cosmei
Kulima kwa duwa loyimilira kudzera mmera kumasiyanitsidwa chifukwa chodalirika komanso zotsatira zake mwachangu. Kufesa mbewu za mbande kumachitika mu Marichi kapena Epulo. Mbeu zowola ziyenera kugawidwa pamwamba pa dothi losakanizika, sizikuwazidwa pamwambapa, koma zimakanikizidwa pang'ono chabe. Kenako mbewuzo zimafunikira kuti zizinyowa, kenako chidacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi pamwamba ndikutsukidwa pamalo abwino. Kutentha kwabwino kwa kumera kwa nyemba kumachokera ku 18 mpaka 20 madigiri. Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, mbande zoyambirira zimayenera kuwonekera patatha masiku 7-15 mutabzala. Ngati mbande yamera kwambiri, ndiye kuti adzafunika kupatulira, pomwe mtunda pakati pa mbewu uzikhala wa 10 mpaka 15 cm. M'malo mopatulira, mbande zitha kudalilidwa. Pambuyo pamadzi, cosmea imayikidwa m'malo ozizira (kuyambira madigiri 16 mpaka 18). Popewa kutola, kufesa mbewu zitha kuchitika m'mikapu imodzi.
Cosmey ikubwera panja
Nthawi yobzala
Mbande za cosmea zibzalidwe pamalo oyamba m'masiku oyamba a Juni, pomwe zipatso zobwerera masika ziyenera kutsalira, ndipo kutalika kwa mbewu kuyenera kufika 60 mm. Mutha kuwaponya pakati pa Meyi, koma pokhapokha patakhala kuti palibenso chizira. Malo abwino oyikapo ayenera kuyatsidwa bwino komanso kutetezedwa ndi mphepo. Nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa bwino, yopatsa thanzi komanso acidic pang'ono. Ngati dothi ndilabwino kwambiri, ndiye kuti msipu wobiriwira umakula kwambiri ndikuwonongeka kwa maluwa.
Zowongolera
Pambuyo nyengo yofunda ikhazikitsidwa mumsewu (kuyambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka masiku oyamba - Juni), mabowo osazama kwambiri sayenera kukonzedwa pamalo omwe adasankhidwa kuti agwiritsidwe, pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo 0.3x0.3 m kapena 0.35x0.35 m (kwa mitundu yayitali). Maenje okonzedwa amafunika kudzazidwa ndi madzi. Mbewu zikabzalidwa, ndipo mabowo akadzaza dothi, mbewuzo zimafunikira kuthiridwanso. Mitundu yayitali nthawi zambiri imafunikira garter kuthandizira, mutabzala, njanji yayitali kapena ndodo ziyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi chitsamba chilichonse. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kuli kofanana ndi theka la mita, ndikofunikira kutsina nsonga za zimayambira, chifukwa cha izi chomerachi chidzakula kwambiri komanso chokongola. Atakula kudzera mbande cosmea imayamba kuphuka mu June kapena pakati pa Julayi.
Kusamalira
Ngakhale wobzala wopanda nzeru amatha kukula zachilengedwe pamunda wake. Ndikofunika kuthirira chomera ichi pafupipafupi, kapena, kamodzi masiku 7. Pankhaniyi, kuthirira ndikofunikira kuchuluka, motero, pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse, muyenera kuthira madzi okwanira 40-50. Mukathirira aliyense, ndikofunikira kumasula pansi pamalowo, komanso udzu mpaka tchire likamakula ndikukula.
Zomera zimadyetsedwa katatu pa nyengo ndi feteleza zamaluwa: maluwa asanapangidwe, pakati pa maluwa ndi kumayambiriro kwa maluwa. Kuti chomera chikule kwambiri, chitha kudyetsedwa masamba ndi yankho la mankhwala Bud. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti ndikofunikira kuthira feteleza pamtunda pang'ono.
Dulani maluwa omwe anazimiririka munthawi yake. Tchire tambiri tokhazikika titha kudulilidwa ngati tikufuna, zomwe zingawabwezeretse chidwi komanso kuwumbika, pomwe maluwa omwe akuchokera munjira imeneyi sakhudzidwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Cosmea amalimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo, motero saopa izo. Mpaka tchire ndilamphamvu, nkhono ndi ma slgs zingawavulaze. Ngati ma gastropod amapezeka tchire, ndiye kuti ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa ndi manja. Komanso misampha ingapo ya mowa imatha kugawidwa pamalowo, ndipo muyenera kungoyang'ana pafupipafupi ndi kutolera tizirombo.
Cosmea pambuyo maluwa
Kutolera mbewu
Pofalitsa cosmei osatha, odulidwa ndi ma tubers amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Cosmea pachaka mutabzala koyambirira amatha kufalitsa kwa zaka zingapo ndikudzilimitsa (nthawi zambiri kuyambira zaka 3 mpaka 5). Ngati mukusowa mbewu, ndiye kuti kuthengo muyenera kusiya masamba akuluakulu ochepa. Kuti mupewe kutaya pansi nthimboyi, pamtundu wa masamba muyenera kuvala matumba opangidwa ndi gauze. Mbeu zokhwima zimasanduka zakuda, kenako zidzafunika kusonkhanitsidwa. Koma dziwani kuti chikhalidwechi ndi chopukutidwa ndi mungu, kotero kuti zinthu zina zomwe zimapangidwa ndi manja awo sizitha kusunga mawonekedwe. Motere, zidzakhala zosavuta kugula mbewu zamitundu mitundu zomwe mumakonda bwino m'sitolo yapadera.
Zima nyengo yachisanu
Pambuyo maluwa, mphukira za cosmea osatha zimalimbikitsidwa kufupikitsidwa mpaka 15 cm. Pa nthawi yozizira, tchire liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi nthambi za spruce.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya cosmei yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Wamaluwa amalima mitundu itatu yokha ya cosmea, pomwe 1 imodzi ndi yamuyaya, ndipo 2 yotsalayi ndiyopezeka chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa cha ntchito yopweteketsa ya obereketsa, mitundu yambiri ya hybrids ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtengo woterewu idabadwa.
Cosmos bipinnatus (cosmos bipinnatus)
Chomera chamtunduwu ndi chaka chilichonse. Amachokera kumapiri a Mexico. Kutalika kwa mphukira zokhala ndi nthambi zambiri kumatha kusiyanasiyana ndi 0,8 mpaka 1.5 mita. Pawiri, inflorescence amafika masentimita 7-10, amatha kukhala osakwatiwa kapena kukhala gawo la inflorescence yayikulu ya corymbose. Maluwa am'munsi amajambulidwa ndi ofiira, ofiirira, oyera kapena apinki. Potere, maluwa a tubular pakati pa inflorescence amapanga disk yaying'ono ya chikaso. Mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa obiriwira, ndipo umaperekanso kudzimana kwabwino kwambiri. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1799. Mpaka pano, mtunduwu umakonda kwambiri alimi a maluwa. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Zodzikongoletsera. Mukamasula, mabasiketi amapaka utoto wofiirira, koma pakapita kanthawi amasinthana ndi rasipiberi.
- Chiyeretso. Mphukira ndizosinthika kwambiri, ndipo inflorescence imakhala ndi mtundu woyera-wa chipale chofewa.
- Cosmea kumizidwa Sonata mndandanda, umaphatikizapo mitundu ya Sonata Pink Blush. Ma pinki inflorescence ozungulira pakati amakhala ndi mkombero wofiyira.
Sulfur Yellow Cosmea (cosmos sulphureus)
Mtundu wamtunduwu umapezeka pansi pa Latin America. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi matenthedwe ake. Pamaso pa mphukira zowongoka pomwe pali pubescence, imatalika pafupifupi masentimita 150. Masamba a masamba ndi owirikiza kawiri kapena katatu omwe amaponyedwa m'miyala yotakata ya cirrus yomwe imaloledwa ku ziwunjazo. Mtundu wa maluwa mabango ndi wachikasu-golide kapena lalanje. Maluwa a tubular achikasu amakhala ndi ma anthers amdima, pomwe maupangiriwo ndi lalanje. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1799. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Bilbo. Mabasiketi theka-terry ali ndi mtundu wa lalanje.
- Crest ndimu. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupi mamita 0.5. Utoto wa inflorescence ndi chikasu-mandimu.
- Mdyerekezi. Mabasiketi ali ndi mtundu wofiira wamoto.
Magazi ofiira a cosmea (cosmos atrosanguineus)
Mtunduwu ndiwosatha, ndipo mwachilengedwe umatha kupezeka ku Mexico. Mtunduwu umatchedwanso cosmea yakuda, chifukwa ma inflorescence amapaka utoto wakuda kwambiri, pomwe maluwa velvety amakhala ndi fungo la chokoleti. Kuphatikizika kwa mapepala ovuta kumaphatikizapo masamba osasamba. Chomerachi ndichophatikizanso kwambiri thermophilic, pankhaniyi, alimi odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kubzala maluwa m'miphika omwe amatha kubweretsedwa mchipinda nthawi yachisanu. Mukadzala dothi lotseguka, chilengedwechi chidzafunika kuphimbidwa. Mitundu yamitchi ndiyotchuka kwambiri masiku ano. Otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:
- Kuwala. Chomera chimasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa obiriwira. Terry inflorescence ali ndi mtundu wolemera.
- Zakale. Mtundu wophatikizika wa cosmea ndi wapadera. Poyamba, ma inflorescence amapakidwa utoto wa Burgundy, womwe amasintha ku salon wokhala ndi buronze hue.
- Dinani kawiri rose bon bon. Maluwa akuluakulu amakhala ndi mtundu wa pinki, amayimitsidwa pakadula kwa nthawi yayitali.
