Kubzala moyenera ndikusamalira maluwa azaleas panja

Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, azalea wamaluwa ankawonedwa ngati wowonjezera kutentha kapena chomera, koma m'zaka khumi zapitazi, olima dimba m'dziko lathu ayamba kubzala mbewu poyera. Kuphuka kwa tchire azalea ndikosayerekezeka - nthambi zimaphimbidwa ndi masamba osavuta a mawonekedwe osavuta kapena mawonekedwe ndi mithunzi yambiri.

Kodi azalea wa m'munda wamaluwa amachokera kuti?

Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yoyera, yapinki, yachikaso, yofiirira, yofiirira kapena ya lalanje, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopanga maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, yomwe imapatsa mbewu kukongoletsa koposa. Maluwa odukiza potsatira malamulo aukadaulo aulimi zimatha 3 mpaka 10 milungu.

Maziko a mitundu yosakanizidwa yomwe imatha kulekezera kuzizira kwa Central Russian strip malo otseguka ndi Japan, yomwe imatengedwa ngati chomera m'dziko lakwawo. Makolo akale a mitundu yobiriwira ndi azaleas okonda kutentha aku India.

Kusankhidwa kwa malo: Malo otseguka m'matauni ndi madera ena

Kubzala mmera kumayamba ndikusankha malo abwino m'mundamo. Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kubzala m'matawuni, palibe kusiyana kofunikira. Azalea sadzakula m'malo osankhidwa mwachisawawa.

Kusankhidwa kwa malo sikudalira kwambiri pamtunda monga pa microclimate

Mukasamutsira mbande pamalo otseguka ziyenera kuonedwa zinthu zingapo:

• Kuwala kwakukulu kumafunikira popanda kuwunika mwachindunji. Kupanda kutero, chitsamba chokulirapo chikuyamba kuponya masamba, nyengo yamaluwa imachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo masamba adzagwa.
• Mitundu yobiriwira nthawi zonse imalimbikitsidwa kuti ibzalidwe m'malo okhala ndi kuwala kapena mthunzi wocheperako.
• Mitundu yowola imamera bwino m'malo owala pansi pa mitengo yayikulu, malinga ngati mizu ya mbewu singasokonezane. Mabwenzi ndiabwino yew, thuja, spruce, oak, larch. Alder, popula, ndi mapulo sizoyenera oyandikana nawo - mizu yawo yam'mwamba imatenga chinyontho ndi chakudya.
• Mukamafika pafupi ndi nyumba, mbali iliyonse kupatula kumwera idzatero.

Ndikofunika kupereka zokonda madera okhala ndi thabwa, pomwe kasupe madzi samasunthika chifukwa chisanu chisungunuka.

• Pakufunika kutetezedwa ku mphepo komanso kukongoletsa, sizingabzalidwe pakona ya nyumba komanso pakati pa nyumba.
• Pafupifupi pafupi ndi dziwe lachilengedwe kapena lochita kupanga - chinyezi chitha kupitilira maluwa ndikusunga masamba atsopano.

Mukamakulitsa azaleas m'munda kuti zinthu zikule bwino, kutentha kwa nyengo munyengo yakukula kuyenera kukhala + 20 + 25 ° С - pafupifupi zigawo zonse za m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia zimagwirizana ndi izi. M'nyengo yozizira, mitundu yaminda yamtunda imatha kupirira kuzizirira mpaka-27 ° C, ndikazizira kwambiri, mbewuyo idzafa.

Nyengo yozizira kwambiri yomwe ili kumpoto kwa Russia imakhala yoopsa pachisamba

Zowoneka bwino kwambiri zokongoletsa gulu. Mukakhala m'mundamo, musabzale zobiriwira nthawi zonse komanso zowola pafupi, chifukwa mitundu yayitali imakhala pakatikati pamalopo, ikukhazikitsidwa - m'mphepete pafupi.

Sankhani mbeu molingana ndi mtundu wa masamba: kuphatikiza kwabwino kwambiri ndi chikasu ndi lalanje, utoto wofiirira, pinki ndi wofiirira, wofiirira ndi yoyera.

Nthaka ndi kubzala

Azalea amakula bwino pokhapokha ngati dothi, peat komanso coniffort lapansi. Acidity yofunikira nthawi zonse kukhalabe pa 4.0-4.5. Kubzala mmera, masika oyambilira ndi oyenera isanayambike kayendedwe ka madzi kapena kuyamba kwa yophukira - chitsamba chimakhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu m'malo atsopano nyengo yozizira isanayambe ndipo nthawi zambiri imalekerera kuzizira kwa nyengo yozizira.

Ma azaleas a munda ali ndi mizu yopanda malire, choncho safunikira dzenje lakuya kwambiri. Komabe, kubzala mbande kumakhala ndi zovuta zina:

• Kumbani dzenje lakufika 0.5 m ndikuzama ndi mulifupi mwa 0.6-0.7 m.
• Pansi pa dzenje anaikamo ngalande yotalika masentimita 15 mpaka 100 kuchokera kumchenga, dongo lokulitsa ndi njerwa zosweka - imayeretsa nthaka. Zipanga zopopera (mwala wopindika, crumb) ndizosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito, mwanjira ina, nthaka yapanthaka ndi yosatheka, yomwe azaleas singathe kulekerera.
• Sakanizani nthaka yochotsedwa mu dzenje ndi peat, humus ndi mchenga wouma kuwonjezera friability ndi kuchuluka kwa nthaka.
• Thirani dothi losakanikirana ndi dothi ndikukhazikitsa mmera paphiripo, ndikuwongolera mulingo wamizu - mutabzala, uyenera kukhala wokwera pang'ono kuposa mulingo wa dothi.
• Dzazani bwino dothi ndi dothi, gulani dothi mozungulira mmera, onjezani dothi ndi madzi ngati kuli kofunikira.
• Ikani dothi mozungulira chitsamba ndi mbewa, peat, singano za paini kapena makungwa osenda - mulch amateteza kukula kwa namsongole ndikusunga chinyontho chopatsa moyo m'nthaka.

Zomera mumbale zingabzalidwe nthawi yotentha yonse, mukachotsa mu chidebe, nthaka siyenera kuphwanyidwa kuti ichotse mizu. Mbande zogulidwa mu nazale kapena m'minda yazipinda ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri musanabzike.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira kwambiri chomera chomwe chagulidwa pa nazale

Mutha kutsitsa mizu yam'madzi m'madzi kwakanthawi, mpaka thovu zam'mlengalenga zitasiya kupezeka m'madzi.

Gulani mbande mu chidebe chochuluka, kukula kwake komwe kumafanana ndi kukula kwa mbewu - m'mbale zazing'onoting'ono, zomwe mizu sizikula bwino.

Mukamagula, fotokozani za machitidwe agrotechnical ndikuwunika kuthengo: nthambi zake ziyenera kukhala zotanuka, zathanzi komanso zamphamvu. Wodwala ndi ofooka mmera sichichita bwino.

Mulching ndi kuvala pamwamba

Kuphatikiza tchire, khungwa la paini lophwanyika, singano zakugwa, dothi louma, dongo locheperako, masamba amtundu wa peat kapena masamba (kupatula chestnut ndi mapulo) amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mulching amasunga chinyontho m'nthaka, amalepheretsa namsongole kukula, amateteza mizu kuti isamatenthe kwambiri nthawi yachilimwe komanso kuti chisazizire nyengo yozizira. Mukaluka, khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala laulere.

Popanda kudyetsa, sipadzakhala maluwa ambiri, ndi kukula kwa azalea kufuna chakudya chowonjezera. Payenera kukhala zovala zingapo zapamwamba pachilimwe:

• Chapakatikati upange yankho la mullein (humus) mwa chiyerekezo cha 1:10.
• Pa nthawi ya mapangidwe mphukira, kudyetsa kwachiwiri ndi mullein kumachitika ndi kuwonjezera kwa feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu.
• Mphemba zomaliza zikagwera, nyamulani chachitatu chovala chapamwamba ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu muyezo wa 1: 2.
• Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayikidwa pamtunda wa 0.2-0.3 mamita kuchokera pakatikati pa chitsamba.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wovuta, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mulibe chlorine ndi laimu. Komanso, simungagwiritse ntchito phulusa la nkhuni - limasintha acidity ya nthaka, ndikuchepetsa.

Kutsirira, kudulira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa

Kuthirira azaleas nthawi yonse ya chilimwe kuyenera kukhala kochulukirapo. Dothi louma pang'ono ndi chizindikiro cha kunyinyirika kwotsatira. Thirani mbewuyo ndi mvula kapena madzi akhazikika, kuwonjezera citric acid (1 tsp. Kuti 2 l ya madzi) kamodzi pamwezi kuthilira madzi - kumakulitsa acidity ya nthaka.

Monga mbewu ina iliyonse, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulingalira zokometsera m'mene kuthirira chitsamba

Ndi chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kuti tisapangitse kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano zomwe zilibe nthawi yokhwima ndi kuzizira nyengo yachisanu isanayambe. Nyengo yachisanu isanayambe, mbewuyo imathiriridwa mokwanira - kuthilira madzi osalola kumathandizira kuti chisanu chizitha kupirira ndikutayika kochepa.

Kuphatikiza pa kuthirira, azalea amakonda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa - mpweya wonyowa umakonda maluwa okongoletsera ndipo ndi prophylactic motsutsana ndi tizirombo. Komabe, maluwa atamasulidwa, njirayi iyenera kusiyidwa, apo ayi mawanga adzapangidwa pamaluwa omwe amawononga mawonekedwe a mbewu.

Musaiwale za udzu - chifukwa chonse chokula mumafunikira udzu pafupipafupi. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti zisawononge mizu ya azalea.

Thirani

Kuthana kumachitika pa mfundo yomweyo monga ikamatera. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yosinthira kumayambiriro kwa masika. Popeza azalea amenewo ndimaona ngati chomera chakumwaNdikulimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe tsiku loyenerera kuti mukwaniritse pa kalendala yoyendera mwezi.

Kuzama kwakamatera kuyenera kusungidwa chimodzimodzi.

Kuzungulira chitsamba chodalitsidwako, tikulimbikitsidwa kupanga mkombero wa moss kapena nthaka, zimathandizira kukweza matalala m'nyengo yozizira ndikuteteza mizu ku chisanu.

Kudulira

Kudulira mitengo kumachitika m'magawo atatu:

1. Chapakatikati, kudulira mwaukhondo kumachitika, kudula matenda owuma ndi owuma. Mphukira zotsala sizigwira - adakhazikitsa maluwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira.
2. Pa maluwa pafupipafupi maluwa osokonekera amachotsedwa.
3. Masamba omalizira atachokapo, kupanga kudulira kumachitika - mapesi owuma maluwa amachotsedwa, mphukira zomwe zimakhala zazitali zimadulidwa, nthambi zomwe zimakulitsa chitsamba zimadulidwa.

Mphukira zotsalira zimafupikitsidwa osapitirira 1/3 ya kutalika konse - chaka chamawa azalea adzabzala ndikuwoneka ngati mtengo wobiriwira komanso wamaluwa ambiri.

Mukamadulira chitsamba, chonde dziwani kuti mitundu yazodulira imadalira nyengo

Ndikudulira kulikonse, malo omwe ali ndi zigawozo amaphimbidwa ndi varnish ya munda kapena utoto uliwonse wozimira mafuta oyanika. Ntchito imachitika mu zoteteza ku pewani kupsa mtima khungu - madzi a chomera ndi chakupha.

Azalea amatanthauza mitundu ya mbewu zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndikufika msinkhu wazaka 3-4. Chifukwa chake, tchire tating'onoting'ono sitipanga, koma timangotenga ukhondo.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Kulima dimba kumatha kudwala matenda oyamba ndi fungus komanso tizilombo. Mwa matenda, dzimbiri, tsamba lamamba, zowola ndizofala kwambiri. Polimbana ndi matenda, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides kapena sulfate yamkuwa ndi othandiza.

Monga prophylaxis yamatenda, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchitira tchire kamodzi pachaka isanayambe maluwa ndi Oxychom kapena mutatha kutulutsa maluwa ndi yankho la Fundazole.

Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono
Ma nsabwe	Abwera kudzathandiza zothetsera tizilombo - thandizani tizilombo toononga zomwe zimasokoneza kukula kwathunthu ndikukula kwa mbewu
Kuponya kwakuda
Spider mite
Mealybug
Whitefly

Masamba owala pamasamba azalea, mtundu wake womwe umakhala wachikasu pakapita nthawi, akuwonetsa matenda - calcareous chlorosis. Amathandizidwa ndikuwonjezera mayankho pansi pa chitsamba kuti athandize kukulitsa acidity:

• gome kapena viniga ya apulo - 100 ml pa 10 malita a madzi;
• citric kapena oxalic acid - 2 tbsp. l pa 10 l madzi.

Kuthirira 1 lalikulu. m 10 l yankho lidzafunikira. Peat (1.5 makilogalamu pa 1 sq. M) ndi yoyenera ngati acidifier ya nthaka.

Kupanda maluwa

Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa amakumana ndi chifukwa choti dimba azalea satulutsa maluwa. Pali zifukwa zingapo izi:

• zamchere kapena nthaka yosalowerera;
• kusowa kwa kuwala komwe kumayatsidwa;
• kusowa kwa chinyezi;
• kutentha kwambiri;
• kuperewera kwa chakudya mokwanira kapena,, kuvala pafupipafupi komanso kokwanira.

Ngati zonse zofunika kubzala ndi kusamalira chomera zakwaniritsidwa, zimakondwera ndi maluwa opaka bwino komanso maluwa ataliatali.

Kubalana: Kukula mumsewu womwe umakulitsa mbewu osati kokha

Wofalitsa munda azalea mbewu, kudula, magawo ndi kugawa chitsamba.

Njira yosankhira kubereka zimatengera momwe mukufuna mwachangu zotsatira zake

Njira yosavuta ndikotsamira mbali yowombera pansi, kukonza ndi waya, kuwaza ndi nthaka ndikuthilira madzi nthawi zonse. Popita nthawi, zidzazika mizu, ndipo kasupe wotsatira chitsamba chaching'ono chimatha kulekanitsidwa ndi chomera.

Gawani tchire ndi mtsempha lisanayambike kuyamwa. Mothandizidwa ndi chinthu chakuthwa (scapula, spatula), gawo la chitsamba limasiyanitsidwa ndikugawilidwira kumalo atsopano. Nthawi yomweyo, chitsamba cha mayi chimayenera kukhala ndi mizu yolimba komanso mphukira zingapo zathanzi.

Kufalitsa ndi zodula kumatenga kuyambira 1.5 mpaka miyezi 4 kuchokera nthawi yodula zodula kuti zizike mizu. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, muyenera kutsatira zomwe olima odziwa zamaluwa:

• Dulani zodula za apical 10 cm masamba otsika kuchotsakusiya masamba atatu athanzi.
• Magawo amathandizidwa ndi chopatsa mphamvu. Dulani zodula 2-3 masentimita m'miphika kapena makapu odzazidwa ndi peat ndi mchenga. Nyowetsani nthaka.
• Phimbani makapu ndi mabotolo apulasitiki omwe adadula pansi kuti apange masamba obiriwira. Sabata imodzi mutabzala zodulidwa, yambani kupuma mpweya wabwino tsiku lililonse ndikutsegula zotchingira kapena kuchotsa zisoti kwa mphindi 10-15.

Kupanga ma green-greenhouse kumathandizira kukhala kutentha koyenera.

• Kuti mupeze mizu bwino, sinthani kutentha kwa + 20 + 24 ° С ndi madzi ngati kuli kofunikira, osayiwala kutaya madzi ochuluka m'mapallet.
• Mukazika mizu, ikani zodulidwa mu chidebe chokhala ndi nthaka yachonde.
• Chaka chotsatira, kusiya pamalo okhazikika m'mundamo.

Kufalikira ndi kudulidwa ndi njira yovuta komanso yayitali, koma ili ndiubwino. Ngati mnansi m'dulidwe wadula masamba ake, mudzaona msanga womwe wamaluwa m'munda mwanu zaka 3-4.

Njira yofalitsira mbewu siigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa - ndi njira iyi yoberekera, muyenera kudikirira nthawi yayitali kuti maluwa akutulutsa.

Makani a mbewu zomwe zimamera pambewu angayesere kuziphukitsa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono podzutsa mpweya mwa kuwonerera chinyezi chaching'ono.

Kukonzekera chisamaliro cha chisanu ndi masika

Masamba a chaka chamawa ayikidwa m'dzinja. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira nthawi yozizira kuti isunge mbewuyi ndikuthandizira kupulumuka chisanu.

Ngakhale kuuma kwambiri kwa nyengo yozizira kwa mitundu yambiri, ndikodalirika kuphimba shrub yozizira kuti mutsimikizire kuti maluwa, nthambi zazing'ono ndi mizu yopanda pake zimasungidwa bwino:

• Pambuyo pothirira madzi othirira, nthaka pansi pa tchire imakwiririka ndi kukula kwa masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Pansi pa azaleas atali, mulch wosanjikiza akhoza kukulitsidwa mpaka 30 cm.
• Nthambi za mitundu yosakhazikika bwino zimapinda pansi ndi waya wolimba. Amakhala pobisalira pamakatoni okhala ndi zida, zophimba ndi lapnik.

Mukakonza chitetezo cha nthawi yozizira, polyethylene ndi zinthu zina zamagetsi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito, apo ayi masamba ndi mphukira zidzakumana ndikuvunda.

• Mwa mitundu yobiriwira nthawi zonse, chimango chimapangidwa, chomwe chimayikidwa pansi kuti chisazizire, chivundikiro chimakokedwa mchombo pokhapokha nyengo yozizira ikakhazikika.

Osagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe sizilola kuti mpweya udutse, apo ayi chitsamba chiwonongeka

Chimacho chimakutidwa ndi zinthu zolimba kapena zinthu zothandizira padenga kuti pakati pa khoma lanyumba ndi chitsamba pakhale mtunda wa 20-25 cm. Kuti muchotse chinyezi pansi pazipangidwazo. gwiritsani ntchito payipi yosinthika, malekezero ena omwe amatulutsidwa.

Ndi kumayambiriro kwa masiku oyambira masika, musathamangire kutsegula tchire la azalea, muyenera kuyembekezera kusungunuka kwathunthu kwa chivundikiro cha chisanu pamalowo. Zomera zomwe zakhazikitsidwa nthawi yachisanu kuchokera ku kuwala kwa dzuwa zimayenera kuzolowera pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, ndikutsegula pang'ono m'mawa ndikuwonjezera nthawi.

Zomera zimalekerera nyengo yachisanu mosiyanasiyana ndipo zimafunikira kuphika moyenerera. Mwachitsanzo, pali njira yokonzekera gloxinia nthawi yachisanu komanso nthawi yopuma.

Nthawi yoyamba ndibwino kutsegula tchire tsiku lamitambo.

Azalea ndi mtengo wovuta wapaulendo. Afunika kulenga zinthu zina zomwe azisangalala nazo. Poyankha, chitsamba chidzathokoza maluwa ambiri, osangalatsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndi kubzala munthawi yomweyo mitundu yambiri ya azaleas omwe ali ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana zamaluwa, mutha kusangalala ndi chipwirikiti cha mitundu yonse nthawi yotentha.