Kukhudza, kwamuyaya, kunenepa, duwa la Vanka ndilonyowa - mayina onsewa ndi chomera chimodzi, chomwe chimapezeka nthawi zambiri m'nyumba zathu. Dziko lokhala ndi duwa lokongola ndi Asia ndi Africa. Ndi imodzi mwazomera kwambiri komanso yosavuta kubzala mbewu kunyumba.
Thonje limazika mizu mosavuta, limakula mwachangu ndipo limawoneka bwino kwambiri nthawi yamaluwa: Tchire tating'ono tokhala ngati maluwa owala bwino timatha kukhala chokongoletsera m'chipinda chilichonse. Duwa lonyowa la Wanka lilinso ndi dzina lina - basamu. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, imatha kutulutsa pafupifupi chaka chonse, ndipo kumupatsa zinthu zabwino sikovuta.
Ngakhale wobzala woyamba atha kuthana ndi vuto la chomerachi mosavuta. Ndiwosatha, koma chifukwa chakukula msanga, mphukira nthawi zambiri imatambasuka, chitsamba chimaphukira ndipo posakhalitsa chimataya mawonekedwe ake. Chifukwa chake, okonda mafuta a basamu nthawi zambiri amayambira kudula zakale zakale, kukulira tchire latsopano.
Mafuta a basamu amatulutsa bwino ngati wabzalidwa mumphika kapena chidebe pang'ono. Chomera mumphika wokulirapo kwambiri sichingafanane ndi maluwa owala.
Kufotokozera kwa mbewu ndi mitundu yake
Mafuta a basamu amatanthauza mitundu pafupifupi 400 yamitundu ina. M'maluwa amkati, makamaka wamkulu:
- Basamu a Holst;
- Sultan Balsamu;
- Mafuta apamwamba a basamu;
- Zatsopano za ku Guinea zatsopano.
Maluwa a Vanka onyowa amasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana: kuyambira zoyera ndi zapinki mpaka zofiirira ndi maroon. Zomera zokhala ndi miyala ya mitundu iwiri zimapezeka kwambiri. Posachedwa, obereketsa apanga mitundu yamaluwa yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa ma balsamu m'chipindacho. Nthawi yomweyo, tchire la mbewu zotere limapendekeka.
Popeza kutchuka kwa basamu kulima m'nyumba, obereketsa akupitilizabe kupangira mitundu yatsopano. Zophatikiza zomwe zidawonekera posachedwa zimakhudza kukula kwa maluwa, komanso mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ake. Mitundu yamaluwa amtundu wamtambo yomwe imawoneka bwino kwambiri mzipinda zamayendedwe am'makomo ndi khonde zayamba kale kufala.
Ma basamu a basamu, okhala ndi maluwa owala bwino, ndizokongoletsa kwambiri. Komabe, izi sizinali zokwanira kwa obereketsa, ndipo mitundu inkawoneka ndi masamba okongola osiyanasiyana. Zomera zotere zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri ngakhale nthawi yomwe maluwa atakhala asanakhale ndi nthawi yophuka. Izi zitha kuwoneka pa chithunzi cha thumbo chonyowa ndi masamba osiyanasiyana.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayenera kukhazikitsidwa chimodzimodzi. Amafunikanso chisamaliro chomwecho, ndikusiyana kumodzi kokha: nthawi yozizira, kutentha kwake kosamalira kuyenera kukhala kwapamwamba kuposa mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira.
Chisamaliro cha basamu kunyumba
Kuti mtengowo ukuthokozeni chifukwa cha maluwa owala ndi maluwa owala ndi nthawi yoyambira chilimwe, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungasamalire bwino duwa ili. Roly yonyowa ndi chomera chosasinthika chifukwa kakulidwe ndi maluwa, zinthu zofunika zomwe sizivuta konse kupanga kunyumba:
- Kutentha: kutentha kwa madigiri 18 kumawerengedwa kuti ndi koyenera kwa basamu. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti sikugwa pansi madigiri 13. M'chilimwe, matenthedwe sayenera kukwera pamwamba pa 22 degrees. Kutentha kwambiri ndi malo ouma kungayambitse kupindika ndi kugwa kwamasamba.
- Kuwala: zabwino koma zabalalika. Kuchokera pakuwala kwa dzuwa, mbewuyo imafunikira kutetezedwa. Osayika poto kapena chidebe ndi balsamine pazenera la kumwera. Zomera zitha kulolera shading, koma pamenepa sizituluka.
- Kuthirira: M'chilimwe amafunika kuthirira mbewu osachepera katatu pa sabata. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa. Nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira, duwa limathiriridwa kamodzi pakatha masiku 7-10. Balsamine salekerera kuthirira kwamadzi, makamaka kuphatikiza ndi kutentha pang'ono. Izi zimatha kudwala matenda a chomera ngakhale kufa. Pamaso kuthirira lotsatira, lolani nthaka kuti iwume bwino.
- Dothi: Mafuta a basamu amafunikira kusakaniza kwa thanzi labwino padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza kwa zobiriwira komanso malo osakanikirana ndi kuwonjezera pamchenga kungakhale bwino.
- Kuvala kwapamwamba: chilimwe, nthawi yolimba - kamodzi pa masabata 1-2. Manyowa amatulutsa feteleza wa zomera zakunyumba, zosungunulidwa m'madzi. Feteleza zachilengedwe ndi mchere zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizisintha.
- Chinyezi: ngati kutentha kwa chirimwe kukufika madigiri 22, mphika wokhala ndi basamu uyenera kuyikiridwa mu thireyi ndimiyala yonyowa. Komabe, mmera suyenera kupopera. Izi zimatha kubweretsa matenda oyamba ndi fungus ndikuwoneka mawanga pamaluwa.
- Zochulukitsa: zitatha chaka choyamba cha kukula, mafuta a basamu ayenera kusinthidwa chaka ndi chaka kukhala osakanikirana ndi dothi latsopano. Popeza mbewuyo imatambasulidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula msanga, ndibwino kuti mukule balmamu watsopano kuchokera kumadulidwe aliyense masika.
- Kusamalira masamba: fumbi loyera kuchokera ku chomera chokhala ndi burashi yofewa. M'chilimwe, mumatha kutsuka masamba ndikusamba, kenako ndikusambitsa madontho amadzi kuchokera kwa iwo. Osagwiritsa ntchito popukutira chisamaliro, chifukwa izi zitha kuyambitsa masamba.
Ngati mutapereka chisamaliro choyenera kunyumba, duwa lonyowa limathokoza chifukwa cha maluwa ake obiriwira komanso okhala ndi maluwa ambiri.
Pamavalidwe apamwamba a basamu, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza pandende kuwirikiza kawiri poyerekeza ndi wopanga.
Kufalikira kwa mafuta a basamu
Duwa lonyowa la Wanka limatulutsa chilimwe ndi chilimwe. Njira ziwiri ndizothandiza pakufalikira kwake: ndi mbewu ndi kudula. Mutha kugula mbewu zopangidwa kale kapena mukazipeza nokha kuchokera ku chomera chanu, koma chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kusamalira mungu wochokera. Mbewu zimamera pakatha milungu iwiri.
Zimatengera nthawi yomweyo kuzika mizu. Monga tikuonera pachithunzipa, duwa lonyowa lamkati mwenimweni limatha kuzika mizu m'madzi. M'madzi ozula mizu ayenera kuyikapo makala 3-4. Zidutswa zam'mbali zotalika pafupifupi 8 cm ndizoyenera monga zodulidwa.
Zidzu zikazika mizu, zizitha kuziyika m'miphika yaying'ono. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zodulidwa zoumbidwazo ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi pulasitiki wokutira kuti zitsimikizire kuti pali chinyezi chambiri.
Chomera sichikonda dontho lakuthwa. Komabe, nthawi yozizira ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa balsamine mpaka madigiri 14-16, ndikupatsa mbewuyo nthawi yopumira.
Munda wa Basamu
Mafuta a basamu osasamala - Roly yonyowa imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokongoletsa komanso kukonza nyumba. Nthawi yomweyo, mbewu za mitundu yokhala m'nyumba nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchera mitengo komanso kuyika malo, kuwabzala mumipanda kapena panthaka.
Pamodzi ndi chomera chamkati, Vanka yonyowa popanga mawonekedwe amagwiritsanso ntchito mawonekedwe apachaka, omwe amatchedwa "basamu ya m'munda." Mtengowu wafalikira kuchokera ku East India, komwe umapezeka kuthengo. Ili ndi chitsamba chobiriwira chokhala ndi msuzi wowoneka bwino komanso masamba obiriwira.
Zomera zimatulutsa nthawi yayitali komanso zochulukirapo. Maluwa onyowa a Vanka amatha kukhala osavuta kapena awiri. Amasiyana pakadali pazithunzi zingapo. Chomera cha thermophilic chimafuna malo owala bwino. Wofesedwa munda wabasamu.
Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro ndi zamatsenga zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi duwa lamkati la Vanka yonyowa. Amati zimakhudza bwino anthu opanga, zimathandizira kuti pakhale mgwirizano wamtendere ndi mnyumba. Ngati mtendere ndi ulemu zizilamulira m'banjamo, duwa limamasulidwa kwambiri komanso mosalekeza. Kusamvetsetsana komanso mikangano pakati pa anthu am'banja, m'malo mwake, zingasokoneze mbewuyo molakwika.
Wanka adapezeka ndi dzina chifukwa cha izi: Nthawi zambiri milu ya juwisi imawoneka pamtengo wake wobiriwira wobiriwira. Mwinanso, pazifukwa zomwezo, anthu amakhulupirira malodza kuti chifukwa cha duwa, mamembala am'banja akhoza kuyamba kumwa mowa.
Momwe mfundozi zimagwirizanirana sizikudziwika bwino. Ndipo, ndichachidziwikire, ndi ntchito kuti aliyense azikhulupirira zizindikilo zotere kapena kuzinyalanyaza. Koma m'malo abwino komanso abwino okhala, basamu limaphukira ndi kukhala lokongola tsiku ndi tsiku, kusangalatsa nyumbayo ndi maluwa owala a maluwa ake.
