Chimanga ndi cha banja lalikulu la chimanga. Chomera cha pachaka ichi, chotalika mamita awiri kapena kuposerapo, chimakhala ndi phesi lolimba lolunjika ndi masamba ambiri owoneka ngati riboni, maluwa amphongo pamtunda mu mawonekedwe a panicles ndi maluwa achikazi - m'matumbo amiyala momwe makutu. Gawo lamizu ndilamphamvu, mizu yake imakhala mulifupi mwake pafupifupi 1 mita, ndikuzama - pafupifupi 2 m.
Maphika amphika owiritsa ambiri ndimachiritso komanso chakudya chopatsa thanzi kwambiri. Kupatula apo, chomera cha masamba, kapena m'malo mwake, chimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira - mapuloteni, mafuta, mavitamini, amino acid, carotene ndi chakudya.
Kukula chimanga
Chimanga ndi mbewu yophathamiritsa komanso masamba a hygrophilous. Kutentha kwabwino kwa kumera kwa nyemba kumachokera ku kutentha kwa 8 mpaka 13 degrees. Tsambalo likuyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo zozizira zakumpoto. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso mbewu zoyenera nyengo, mbewuzo zimatha kukolola pafupifupi miyezi 2 mpaka 2,5 zitamera. Kuthamanga kwa kucha kwa ma coccobs mwachindunji kumatengera kuchuluka kwa masiku ofunda (ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 15 Celsius).
Dothi pamabedi a chimanga liyenera kukhala lachonde komanso lopatsa thanzi. Kuti muwongolele kapangidwe kake, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe azitsulo ndi michere. Chomera chimayankha bwino pakuyambitsa kwa humus m'nthaka. M'madera okhala ndi dothi acidic, laimu iyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Kwa mita lalikulu lalikulu la dimba, amatenga kuchokera 300 mpaka 500 g.
Zomera za chimanga zimatha kubzala zabwino zaka zingapo m'dera limodzi. Musanabzale mbewu, ndikulimbikitsidwa kukumba dothi mosamala. Kuzama kwa kulima ndi fosholo za 1.5-2 bayonet. Zomera zitangomera, dothi lozungulira mozungulira liyenera kumasulidwa ndikuchita hill.
Kubzala mbewu za chimanga
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika kumapeto kwa kasupe (pafupifupi sabata yachiwiri ya Meyi), nthaka ikadzayamba kutentha mpaka madigiri 8-9. Kuzama kwa kubzala mbewu zakuthupi ndi 5-6 masentimita, mtunda pakati pa kubzala ndi 30 cm, ndipo mzere kutalikirana sikudali masentimita 50. M'madothi olemera, kuya kwakubzala kulibe pang'ono, ndipo pamchenga ndi mchenga wolowa kwambiri. Alimi a masamba odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kufesa mbewu zitatu nthawi imodzi mu dzenje limodzi, lomwe likhala louma, lachiwiri - lotupa, ndipo lachitatu - linamera. Njirayi imapangitsa kutuluka kwa nyengo iliyonse. Ngati nthangala zamera zigwa pansi pa chisanu chakumapeto ndikumwalira, zomwe zatsala kubzala zidzakonza zinthu. Mbewu zikauluka m'mbewu zonse, muyenera kusiya zamphamvu kwambiri, ndikuchotsanso zotsalazo. Kuyamba kwa maluwa ndi masabata 6-7 kutuluka.
Kusamalira Ng'anga Wakunja
Kusamalira dothi
Nthaka pamabedi omwe ali ndi chimanga amafunika kulima nthawi yake ndikuchotsa namsongole nthawi zonse. Pambuyo pamatalala (patatha pafupifupi masiku awiri ndi atatu), komanso mutatha kuthilira, kukakamiza dothi kumachitika nthawi yonse yomwe ikula. Kutengera kuchulukana kwa dothi, njira zotere zidzafunika kuyambira 4 mpaka 6.
Kuthirira
Chomera chomwe chimakonda kutentha komanso chosagwiritsa ntchito chilala chimayankha bwino kuthirira nyengo yotentha komanso yopanda mvula. Pa chomera chilichonse chaching'ono, pafupifupi lita imodzi yamadzi othirira amafunikira, kuti munthu wamkulu - 2 malita. Mulingo wamba wonyowa m'nthaka ndi 80-85%. Kuchulukitsa izi kungayambitse kufa kwa mizu ndikukula modabwitsa. Ndikakhala chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka, mitundu ya masamba obiriwira a chimanga amasintha kukhala mtundu wofiirira.
Kukula Mbewu za Chimanga
Nthawi yodzala mbande ndi pakati pa Meyi. Malo abwino kukula ndi maubweya opatsa thanzi kapena miphika yaying'ono yamafilimu.
Kapangidwe ka dothi kosakaniza ndi gawo limodzi la utuchi wamtchire, magawo asanu a peat yosapangika bwino, 20 g ya feteleza wa mchere.
Njira yowumitsa imayamba masiku 5 mbande isanabzalidwe pamabedi. M'masiku awiri oyamba, mbewu zazing'ono zimabzalidwa panja mumthunzi, pang'onopang'ono kuzolowera mbande dzuwa.
Kubzala mbande pabedi yotseka pakatha masabata awiri ndi atatu kumachitika sabata yoyamba ya Juni.
Ndi njira yodzala makutu, yomwe imaphuka kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, komanso njira yambewu, kumapeto kwa mwezi. Chomera chilichonse chimakhala ndi makutu awiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusiya mbewu zoyambirira pambewu. Makutu pamodzi ndi masamba amasungidwa m'chipinda chotseka mu limbo.
