Gaillardia (Gaillardia), yemwe amatchedwanso Gaillardia kapena Gaillardia, amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtundu wa banja la aster. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu 25 ya mitundu. Kuthengo, mbewu zotere zimapezeka kumpoto ndi South America. Duwa limayimiriridwa ndi mbewu zapachaka kapena zosatha, zodziwika ndi kulolera kwachilala. Dzinali lidaperekedwa polemekeza MFrench Gaillard de Charenton. Anali wokonda kuthandiza komanso kuteteza zachilengedwe, komanso anali membala wa Paris Academy of Science. Amakhala m'zaka za m'ma 1800.
Zomera
Kutalika kwa chomera chotere kumatha kufika 0,9 m. Imakhala ndi mphukira mwachindunji, pamalo omwe pali pubescence. Mabatani wamba osavuta masamba amatha kukhala lanceolate kapena chowulungika, ali ndi m'malire. Pazovala zazitali ndi mabasiketi amodzi amodzimodzi. Amakhala ndi maluwa ofiira ofiira ofiira, komanso maluwa amkati, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wakuda. Mabasiketi, theka-terry ndi mabasiketi osavuta amapezeka. M'malo ocheperako kawiri, maluwa okhala mabango amaikidwa mizere iwiri kapena itatu. Masamba inflorescence amaphatikiza maluwa okongola kwambiri okhala ngati maluwa. Limaphuka kwambiri. Chipatsochi ndi achene wokhala ndi chikhulupiriro. Monga osatha, malo okongola a haylardia amalimidwa, ndipo osatha - wosakanizidwa haylardia ndi spinous haylardia. Gailardia nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi gelenium, koma awa ndi maluwa awiri.
Kulimidwa kwa Gailardia kuchokera ku mbewu
Momwe amafesa
Gailardia, yomwe ndi pachaka, imakulidwa kudzera mu mbande pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu. Zofesedwa mu February kapena March. Mbewu zazikulu za mbewu ziyenera kugawidwa pamwamba pa dothi lonyowa ndikuwazidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa vermiculite (simungathe kuwaza). Zophatikizira nthangala ziyenera kuchotsedwa m'malo abwino ndikuwotcha (kuchokera madigiri 20 mpaka 23), pomwe chitetezo kuchokera ku dzuwa mwachindunji ndichofunikira. Chepetsa gawo lapansi pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero. Mbande zoyambirira zitha kuwoneka m'masiku 7-15.
Mbande
Mbewu yoyamba ikawonekera, botilo liyenera kukonzedwanso m'malo abwino (18 mpaka 20 madigiri). Malo abwino oti mbande zimere ndi kutentha kwazizira. Ndizo zonse, chifukwa chomera choterocho sichimangofuna kuzizira chabe, komanso chinyezi chachikulu. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mbale yoyamba ya masamba enieni, mbande zibzalidwe moyenera. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika mukangometa pamwamba pa dothi losakaniza. Maola abwino kwambiri masana a mbande amachokera maola 14 mpaka 16. Pogwirizana ndi izi, mbewu zifunika kuwunikira kowonjezera ndi nyali za fluorescent. Kupanda kutero, kupanda kuwala komanso chinyezi chambiri kungayambitse kukula kwa imvi.
Momwe mungabzale poyera
Nthawi yoti afike?
Mbande za pachaka za gaillardia ziyenera kubzalidwa panthaka kuyambira hafu yachiwiri ya Ogasiti kapena Seputembala. Tsambalo likuyenera kuyatsidwa. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopepuka, yoyatsidwa bwino komanso yokhala ndi michere. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti duwa loterolo limakumana ndi mavuto amadzimadzi m'nthaka, acidic nthaka ndikuthira manyowa. Asanafike, ndikofunikira 1 m2 kupanga chidebe cha humus (kompositi), ochepa feteleza wa mchere ndi 1 tbsp. phulusa. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika pansi pokumba.
Momwe mungabzalire
Kubzala kumayenera kuchitika pakati pa tsiku padzuwa. Mtunda pakati pa mabowo uzichitika kuyambira 20 mpaka 25 cm. Kenako mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi. Nyengo yozizira isanadze, maluwa amadwala ndipo amazika bwino. Maluwa oyamba omwe ungawone chaka chamawa. Gailardia amayenera kuikidwa kamodzi kamodzi zaka 4-5.
Ngati simukufuna kuvuta ndikukula mbande, ndiye kuti zibzale panthaka panthaka. Gailardia, amene ndi osatha, amakula mwanjira imeneyi. Kubzala mbewu kumachitika mu Julayi-Seputembala, pomwe safunika kuti zibzalidwe m'nthaka. M'chaka, masamba 10 mpaka 15 okha amawonekera pamtengowo. Maluwa amatha kuwonekera chaka chamawa kumapeto kwa mvula.
Zosamalidwa
Kubzala ndi kukulitsa maluwa amenewa ndikosavuta. Kwa mbewu yotere, kuwunikira kwabwino kokha ndikofunikira kwambiri, pomwe china chilichonse ndichofunikira kwambiri. Thirirani mbewu pokhapokha nthawi yayitali, kowuma komanso yotentha. Nthawi yomweyo, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo. Koma muyenera kuchotsa udzu ndi kumasula dothi pafupipafupi. Duwa la Gailardia limatha masabata opitilira 8, koma kuti likhale lalitali kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kutengapo nthawi, komwe kunayamba kuzimiririka inflorescences. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala zazitali ziyenera kumangidwa. Komanso, duwa liyenera kudyetsedwa katatu pakatha nyengo, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wovuta wonse. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika pakuwoneka masamba, mkati mwa maluwa, komanso nthawi yophukira, pafupifupi masabata 4 chisanachitike kuzizira. Kumbukirani kuti manyowa odyetsedwa ndi oletsedwa.
Thirani
Tisaiwale kuti gaillardia imayenera kuikidwa nthawi, kapena, kamodzi pazaka zisanu. Pakujambulitsa, kufalitsa maluwa kumachitidwa nthawi zambiri pogawa nthambizo.
Kufalitsa kwa Gaillardia
Gailardia ikhoza kufalitsidwa osati ndi mbewu zokha, komanso pogawanitsa nthiti. Ngati chitsamba chosatha chitatha zaka 4 kapena 5, mizu yake imayenera kukumbidwa ndikugawikana magawo angapo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti aliyense mwa masamba a Delenok ayenera kukhala ndi mitengo ndi mizu zingapo. Delenki iyenera kubzalidwa m'malo osatha. Kuika njira ndikulimbikitsidwa kasupe.
Zodulidwa mizu ndizoyeneranso kubereka. Ndikofunikira kukumba katani mozungulira mtunda, pambuyo pake ndikofunikira kupeza ndikudula mizu yayikulu. Amadulidwa m'magawo-masentimita asanu ndi awiri, omwe mizu yake imapangidwa wowonjezera kutentha.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Nthawi zambiri nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zovala zoyera zimakhala pamtengowo. Kuti muwawononge, muyenera kukonza chitsamba ndi Actellic kapena Decis, koma musanayike ndondomeko muyenera kuphunzira malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa ndi chida. Ngati muphwanya malamulo a chisamaliro, ndiye kuti maluwa amatha kudwala ndi imvi zowola, mawanga, ufa wa ufa, phokoso loyera. Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, ma fungicidal othandizira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito: Hom, Bordeaux osakaniza, colloidal sulfure, Oksikhom kapena Topaz. Chitsamba chokhala ndi dzimbiri loyera chimalimbikitsidwa kuti chizichitira ndi Khungu.
Pambuyo maluwa
Kutolera mbewu
Kuti mupeze mbewu ku gaillardia yanu, muyenera kusiya masamba owerengeka ochepa nthawi isanayambe. Kuti mbewu zisatulutse, inflorescence iyenera kukulungidwa ndi gauze, yomwe imakhazikika pa tsinde. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwitsidwa kuti mbewu zobzalidwa kuchokera pambewu sizingasunge mawonekedwe amtundu wa mbeuyo. Pankhaniyi, musanatolere mbeu, muyenera kuganizira ngati mukuzifuna.
Simuyenera kusankhira mbewu. Ma inflorescence amasiyidwa, koma samamangidwa ndi gauze. Mbewu zomwe zinagwera panthaka zimaphuka ndi nthawi yamasika. Mbande zimangofunika kuchepetsedwa, ndipo ngati zingafunikire, zibzalidwe.
Zisanu za Gaylardia osatha
Lisanayambike nyengo yachisanu, timapepala tating'onoting'ono timafunika kudula masamba athu onse ndi dothi lapansi. Pambuyo pa izi, mbewuzo ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi masamba owuma kapena yokutidwa ndi nthambi za spruce. Zomera sizifunikira kuphimbidwa nthawi yozizira. Kusungitsa gaillardia ndikofunikira pachaka pokhapokha ngati kamabzalidwa m'dera lomwe mulibe chipale chofewa komanso nyengo yozizira.
Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Mwa alimi, mitundu ya gaillardia, yomwe ndi yosatha komanso pachaka, ndiyotchuka kwambiri.
Wokongola Gaillardia (Gaillardia pulchella)
Gaillardia wokongola ndiodziwika kwambiri pakati pa olima maluwa pakati pa mitundu ya pachaka. Tchire la duwa limamera. Pamwamba pamtunda wocheperako komanso wamtali kwambiri pali mabasiketi a inflorescence, omwe m'mimba mwake amatha kufikira kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 7 mainchesi. Mtundu wa miyala ya mabango ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, amasintha kuchokera ku red-ofiira kapena pinki-wofiirira m'munsi kukhala achikasu pamalangizo a pamakhala. Maluwa a Tubular ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri, awa: ofiira-ofiira. Zomera zoterezi zimakhala ndi mitundu ingapo:
- Zojambula (picta) - ili ndi inflorescence zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kukhala terry kapena semi-iwiri. Mabasiketi amtundu wa inflorescence amatha kujambulidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga: malata ofiira kapena achikasu (ofiira awiri).
- Lorenza - Masiketi inflorescence-mabasiketi mmenemo ndi ochepa kwambiri mawonekedwe ake. Zomwe zimapangika ndi inflorescence izi zimaphatikizana ndi maluwa ofiira achikasu kapena achikasu ooneka ngati obiriwira okhala ndi nthambi ya mano.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Fiyilo yofiyira - mabasiketi a inflorescence amtunduwu ndiotry. Amakhala ndi maluwa owoneka ngati ma tubular, okhala ndi utoto wa terracotta.
- Chikokole - Mabasiketi mabulosi oyika mawonekedwe amakhala ndi maluwa achikasu a tubular.
Mitundu monga Lolipups ndi Jayeti ndiyotchuka kwambiri pachikhalidwe. Koma mtundu wapachaka wa gaillardia blunt (Gaillardia amblyodon) sukusangalala ndi chikondi chachikulu chotere cha wamaluwa.
Gaillardia spinosa (Gaillardia aristata)
Spiny gaillardia ndiwosatha womwe umakonda kwambiri pakati pa alimi. Malo omwe mbewu zoterezi zimachokera ku North America. Mphukira mwachindunji zimapinda m'munsi, ndipo pamtunda zimakhala ndi wandiweyani pubescence. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chotere kumatha kusiyana 30 mpaka 75 sentimita. Mawonekedwe a masamba amatha kukhala ozungulira, oblong kapena lanceolate. Ndizolimba kapena zamtoto, ndipo zimakhala zowoneka bwino pamaso pawo. Masamba a tsinde ndi opanda pake, ndipo masamba oyambira ndi osadetsa. Madengu amodzi m'mimba mwake amafika masentimita 12. Zomwe zimapangidwa zimaphatikizapo maluwa a motley ndi maluwa owala kwambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amapakidwa utoto wachikasu, lalanje kapena mkuwa. Maluwa a Tubular amakhala achikasu. Maluwa amayamba mu June. Wopangidwa kuyambira 1812. Mitundu yaminda yamtengoyi imakhala yolumikizidwa ndi dzina limodzi - lalikulu la maluwa a Giillardia (Gaillardia grandiflora). Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi:
- Mandarin lalanje - pali maluwa obiriwira achikasu.
- Flral Flame - pali maluwa ofiira omwe amakhala ndi maluwa achikasu.
- Dazzer - maupangiri a maluwa mabango ndi achikaso, ndipo pansi iwo ndi ofiira.
Zophatikiza Gaillardia (Gaillardia hybrida)
Mtunduwu udabadwa kudzera kudutsa Gaillardia wokongola wokhala ndi mitundu ina ya Gaillardia. Kutalika kwake, mphukira zimafikira pafupifupi mamita 0.8. Maluwa amayamba mu June-Ogasiti. Mabasiketi a inflorescence amatha kukhala theka-pawiri, osavuta komanso a terry, ndipo mumtundu wawo mumakhala mithunzi yachikasu, yofiirira komanso yofiirira. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Primavera - chitsamba chachifupi, chokhazikitsidwa kutalika kungafike pafupifupi 25 cm. Pazonse, mpaka ma eyiti 8 amatha kupangika kuchokera pamtunda umodzi, pamwamba pake pomwe pali zazikulu (m'mimba mwake pafupi masentimita 12) inflorescences.
- Arizona San - chitsamba chakufalikira kutalika chingafikire masentimita 20 okha. Limamasula bwino kwambiri komanso kwanthawi yayitali kuyambira nthawi yoyambira chilimwe mpaka matalala.
- Sonne - chitsamba chimafika kutalika kwa 0,5 mpaka 0,6 Mtundu wa maluwa mabango ndi wachikaso chagolide, pomwe ma tubular ndi achikaso achikuda.
Komanso, mitundu yosatha monga lanceolate gaillardia (Gaillardia lanceolata) nthawi zina imabzala.
