Pakati panjira, kubzala kwa dahlia kumachitika pokhapokha kuwopseza pang'ono kobwerera kumene kuzimiririka. Koma kukonzekera kwawo ikamatera kumayambira kale Meyi-Juni. Kuyamba kwa ntchito ndi ma rhizomes a dahlias nyengo yachisanu mu storages ikugwirizana ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito kwa masika. Kukonzekera koyenera kubzala mbewu kuti maluwa athe bwino ndikukhala ndi thanzi labwino monga chomera ndikofunikira pokonzekera malo obzala. Kuti dahlias ichimire, ma rhizomes awo amafunika kudzutsidwa pasadakhale, ndipo kubzala palokha kumafunikira mawonekedwe ena, kulondola ndi chisamaliro.
Kubzala dahlia.
Kubzala masika ndi dahlias
Dahlias ndi amodzi mwa mbewu zokondedwa kwambiri za tuber ndi imodzi mwazovala zazikulu kwambiri m'dzinja mu kapangidwe ka maluwa. Koma kuthana ndi chisanu chochepa kumakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa nyenyezi zapamwamba zokhazokha ndikukakumba kwawo nthawi yachisanu. Kufunika kopitilira mbeu m'nyumba komanso kubzala ndi kukumba ma peizomes pachaka ndi mtengo wochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha maluwa ake abwino. Koma kungobzala kapena kukumba mbewu izi zomwe zikula dahlias sikuchepetsedwa.
Kuwunikira mosalekeza ndiye mfundo yofunika kwambiri yosamalira dahlias. Ngakhale ma rhizomes atakhala hibernate, amafunikira kusamalidwa: kuyendera pafupipafupi, kukanidwa, nkhondo yolimbana ndi zotupa, kukonza kwa nthawi yomwe ali mndende - izi ndi njira zoyamikirira zomwe dahlias amatha kudikirira nyengo yatsopano.
M'nyengo yozizira, amayendera nthawi zambiri ngati mbewu yosungidwa. Choopsa china ndi nthawi yoyambira kalendala ya masika, kusintha kwa kutentha, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, kusinthasintha kwa zinthu nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha kuwonongeka kwa ma rhizomes chifukwa cha matenda a fungus kapena kumera kwawo kusanachitike.
Magawo akulu pokonzekera dahlia ikamatera
Kukonzekera koyambirira kwa dahlia pobzala ndi njira zingapo zomwe zimalola kuti mbeu zizolowera kutentha ndikuthandizira kukula ndi njira zachitukuko. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yofatsa, palibe chifukwa chokwanira kuphukira ndi ma rhizomes, koma mumsewu wapakati simungathe kuchita popanda iwo.
Chifukwa cha kukonzekera kwa masika ndi kumera, nyengo yakukula kwa dahlia siyiyamba nthawi yobzala, koma milungu ingapo m'mbuyomu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yodikirira maluwa yachepetsedwa ndipo nthawiyo imawonjezeka pamene ikhoza kusangalatsidwa mpaka nyengo yachisanu yozizira.
Kukonzekera kwa masika kumaphatikizapo magawo angapo:
- Kusinthidwa kwa dahlia kumikhalidwe komwe kumere;
- Kuyendera ndi kukonza ma rhizomes;
- Kumera kwa dahlia rhizomes musanabzale;
- Kukonzekera kukhazikika.
Nthawi yokwanira kumera
Kumera mu dahlias kumatenga nthawi yochepa. Kuti tipeze gawo lokukula pomwe mbewu zikufunika kuziika m'nthaka, masiku 10-15 ndiokwanira. Malinga ndi izi, amasankha nthawi yoyambira kukonzekera masika - masiku 14-20 tsiku lodzala lisanachitike.
Pakati pa msewu, kumera kumawoneka bwino kwambiri kumapeto kwa Epulo, kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Meyi (ngati wamaluwa sakonzekera kubisala dahlias chifukwa chodzala kale). Kutentha pang'ono, ma rhizomes oyambilira amayamba kudzuka.
Kummwera, kuyambika kwa kukonzekera kwa dahlia kubzala kungayimitsidwe mpaka masiku 6-8 musanabzalidwe, ndipo mfundo yachitatu - kumera - imachotsedwa pamalowo, ndikungosiya kuyerekezera, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kusintha koyambirira.
Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kusankha kwa masamba a kumera kutengera mtundu wa ma nthambwe: masamba atayamba kutupa, simungakayike ndikupitilizabe kusunga dahlias mumdima komanso ozizira, chifukwa mphukira ndizosalimba kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzisunga mpaka mutabzala.
Ngati zizindikiro zodzuka zikuwoneka pa ma rhizomes mu Marichi kapena Epulo, ayenera kukhala okonzekera kubzala osachepera m'mabokosi kapena mumtsuko.
Zambiri podzuka kwa dahlias ogula
Kusunga nthawi ndikosavuta kuyang'anira mukamagwiritsa ntchito dahlias yanu, yomwe imayang'aniridwa nthawi yachisanu. Ngati mumagula mitundu yatsopano, ndiye kuti ma rhizomes amafunikira kokha kuchokera kwachiwiri kapena lachitatu la Epulo, kuti mutha kukwaniritsa zonse zofunikira pokonzekera kubzala.
Kugula dahlias m'mbuyomu, pali chiwopsezo chachikulu chosasunga mbeu mpaka nthawi yoyenera. Mukamasankha zodzala, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti tubers tatsala pang'ono kuzimiririka: Zizindikiro zilizonse zakuyamba, kukula kwa minofu kapena kuwoneka kwa mphukira zosafunikira. Kugulidwa kwa mizu yomwe yadzuka kumatsogolera kuti mbewu sizipulumuka kubzala, sizingatheke chifukwa chakufooka.
Maluwa a dahlia.
Kusintha nyengo isanayambe kumera dahlia
Monga mbewu iliyonse yobzala nthawi yachisanu osati m'nthaka, koma m'nyumba, ndi dahlias, kusintha kulikonse mwadzidzidzi pazikhalidwe ndi kusiyana kuyenera kupewedwa. Monga mankhwala a cadre, dahlias amafunika "malo okhala" pang'ono - nthawi yoti azolowere kusintha - kusintha kumera kusanayambe. Zowona, masabata angapo sakhala funso: masiku ochepa akukwanira kuti athe kusintha pang'onopang'ono.
Mukasamutsira ma peizomes a dahlias kuti akhale otentha ndi opepuka, mbewu ziyenera kusiyidwa kwa masiku 2-3 pa kutentha kwapakati. Izi ndizokwanira kuteteza dontho lakuthwa pang'ono komanso kuchepetsa ngozi.
Kusintha kwa kusintha kwa zinthu ndikofunikira pokhapokha ngati kusiyana pakati pa kutentha kosungirako ndi kuwuka kwa kasupe kuli kofanana kapena kupitirira madigiri 10.
Kuyendera pambuyo yozizira komanso kupewa
Pambuyo pakupuma kwathunthu kumatha, kusanachitike kuchotsera kwa ma rhizomes ndi kukondoweza, ndikofunikira kusamalira njira za ukhondo, pendani bwino mbeu zanu ndikuletsa kufalikira kwa zowola kapena matenda. Uwu ndi mtundu wowunikira komaliza kubzala zinthu - kuwunika kokwanira, kofanana ndi zomwe zimayenera kuchitika nthawi yonse yachisanu.
Chinthu chachikulu pa chithandizo cha dahlia rhizomes pambuyo pa nthawi yozizira ndikuwunika mozama ndikuchotsa zonse zowonongeka, zakufa, zouma, malo okayikitsa komanso mizu yopanda zipatso (yolekanitsidwa, yolumikizana ndi mainchesi akuluakulu okha ndi mizu yopyapyala ya tubers popanda masamba ophukira). Kuyeretsa kuyenera kuchitidwa kwathunthu momwe kungathekere.
Ngati njira zaukhondo sizinachitike mu kugwa, ndiye kuti muyang'anire mizu ya dahlia, kuti muwone kuwonongeka kochepa, ndibwino kuti muzitsuka zonse zobzala.
Gwiritsani ntchito zida zakuthwa kuti muchepetse zowuma kapena zowonongeka. Kunena za mababu, kudulira kumachitika osati kwa minofu yathanzi, koma pang'ono pang'ono ndikutenga gawo la magawo abwinobwino.
Malizitsani kukonza ndi kukonza njira mwa prophylactic etching mu njira yopha. Kwa dahlias, njira yosavuta ya potaziyamu permanganate yokhala ndi 1% ndiyabwino. Rhizomes amalowerera chilichonse kwathunthu (kwa theka la ola).
Ngati mukufuna kufalitsa dahlias, ayikitsheni, kuwonjezera maluwa mu tchire zakale, kenako mutatha kupha tizilombo toononga, ma rhizomes amasiyanitsidwa. Manja kapena mpeni womwe umagawanika ndi impso ziwiri, komwe zimayambira. Magawo onse amathandizidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni ndikuuma.
Werengani nkhani zathu zatsatanetsatane: Momwe mungagawire moyenera ma dahlia ma rhizomes?
Kumera kwa tubers dahlia.
Kumera Dahlia
Omwe amalima dahlias m'magawo okhala ndi nyengo yofunda safunikira kumera kapena kudzutsa mbewu (ma rhizomes) musanabzale. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, mbewuzo zimayikidwa m'mabokosi akuluakulu "opumira" ndikusungidwa m'mundamo mpaka kubzala masana, kuwalola kuti azolowere kutentha ndikuziteteza kuti asazizire usiku mwachangu ndikulowetsa m'chipindacho. Kupukutira kwakanthawi kochepa, komwe kumalepheretsa mbewu kuti ziume, ndizofunikira zonse za rhizomes.
Kudzuka kwa dahlia rhizomes kwa zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yozizira sindiyo njira yovuta kwambiri, koma zimatenga nthawi komanso kuleza mtima. Kumera kumera kumathandizira kuti dahlias iyambe kukula mwachangu, kuumitsa ndi kulimbitsa, osataya nthawi pakuyamba kuzolowera. Koma chachikulu ndichakuti chimafupikitsa nyengo yakukula mwa "kusinthanitsa" gawo lake loyambirira (kumera koyambira) kwa nthawi ngakhale musanabzale m'nthaka.
Njira yosavuta yopangira kumera ndikudzaza mabokosi kapena zotengera zokhala ndi gawo lochepera la gawo lonse, ndikuyanambitsa ndikufalitsa ma dahlia pamwamba kotero kuti pakhale chilolezo chokwanira pakati pawo, kenako ndikumwaza masamba pamtunda ndi dothi lowuma, peat kapena gawo lina lililonse loyera, kuti liziteteza.
Mutha kuchita zinthu zosavuta - yambani kuyika ma dahlia ma rhizomes mumizere ndi muzu wamkhosi, kenako ndikudzaza dothi pakati pawo. Peat, utuchi, mchenga kapena gawo lapansi lopukutira pambuyo podzaza. Choyambacho chimayenera kuchoka pamwamba pa gawo lapansi kapena utuchi ndi khosi la mizu, ndi masamba ophukira, ndi gawo la nthambizo.
Wopukutidwa, masamba owuma a dahlia amawazidwa kwathunthu ndikukhala chinyezi chokwanira kuti akwaniritse chomera chonse ndikubwezeretsa tuber turgor m'malo achinyontho. Mizu yamaluwa ndibzalidwe bwino mumchenga kapena utuchi. Mizu youma kwambiri imatha kunyowa m'madzi kwa maola 10-12 musanawabzalire kumera.
Dahlias odzaza m'mabokosi amasungidwa kutentha pa madigiri 20. Kuunikira kwabwino kudzafunika kwa dahlias pamera pokhapokha ngati zikumera ziyamba kuwonekera. Nthawi zonse musanabzale m'nthaka, chinyezi chowala chimasungidwa ndi kupopera nthawi zonse, molondola kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Patsiku labwino, mizu ya mizu iyenera kulimbitsidwa m'mundamo, kunyamula mabokosi kapena zotengera kumweya wabwino.
Ngati palibe mwayi woyika mabokosi okhala ndi ma peizomes, ndiye kuti kumera kumachitika mumakumba, ma greenhouse ndi hotbeds, m'matumba oonekera, ndikuthira ndi utuchi kapena mchenga.
Kumera kwa dahlias kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Zomera, muyenera kuthyola masisitimu ena owonjezera, osasiya 3 mphukira zamphamvu pachomera chilichonse. Asanabzike, mphukira zikuyenera kukula 4-5 cm. Kutalika kwakukulu kwamasamba ndi 10 cm.
Ngati pamera kumera, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti muthepo mwa kubzala mwachangu pokhazikika m'malo motaya mbewu zosalimba. Ndikotheka kuti muchepetse kukula kwa mphukira posunthira mumakontena okhala ndi ma rhizomes m'malo ozizira (gawo lovomerezeka ndi 12 degrees Celsius).
Kuwongolera ndiyofunika kumera wonse wamera. Osachepera masiku angapo asanabzalidwe, mbewu zimayenera kutengedwera kumweya wabwino.
Dahlias pabedi la maluwa mutabzala.
Zinsinsi Zobzala Dahlia
Kusankhidwa kwa malo abwino sikulinso kofunikira kuposa kukumana ndi masiku obwera. Dahlias amabzala m'malo otetezedwa, otentha, dzuwa, m'malo omwe simumayenda mphepo, komanso kulibe mphepo zamphamvu. Amawopa kuthilira nthaka ndikuthamanga kwamadzi, osalekerera shading. Dothi liyenera kukhala lathanzi, labwino kwambiri, losalowerera, loamy kapena loya wamchenga lokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira.
Dahlias samadzala malo omwewo zaka ziwiri motsatizana.
Malo obzala dahlia ayenera kukonzekereratu. Kukumba dothi kawiri - mu kugwa ndi masika. Feteleza zachilengedwe, michere yathunthu, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, zowonjezera zina zimachulukira m'nthaka mwina musanabzale kapena isanakwane.
Njira yotsirizirayi ndiyabwino, makamaka ngati dothi latha. Nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti dahlias igwiritse manyowa kapena manyowa, superphosphate, potaziyamu sodium ndi feteleza wathunthu wamafuta. Kuphatikiza kwa phulusa la nkhuni kumapangitsa kuti mbewu zisakhale bwino.
M'dzinja kukumba, feteleza, potashi ndi feteleza wa phosphorous zimawonjezeredwa, kasupe - zovuta kapena nayitrogeni ndi phulusa lamatabwa. Mlingo wa feteleza - 10-15 makilogalamu azinthu zofunikira komanso supuni 1 ya feteleza aliyense wamitundu iliyonse.
Nthawi yodzala dahlia zimatengera nyengo. Zitha kubzalidwe m'nthaka pokhazikika nyengo yofunda ikakhazikitsidwa ndikubwerera patapita nthawi yozizira. Kutentha kwa mpweya masana panthawi yakubzala dahlia kuyenera kusungidwa pokhazikika kwa madigiri a 14-16, ndipo nthaka iyenera kutenthetsa pakuya kwa 25-30 cm.
M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, makamaka yoyenda mkatikati, kuyandikira kumachitika koyambirira kwa Juni. Dahlias ibzalidwe mu Meyi, koma posachedwa posachedwa, mbewu zidzafunika kuperekera kwakanthawi. Ndikofunika kuti mumalize kubzala m'mzaka khumi zoyambirira za Meyi, chifukwa kumapeto kwa dahlias, nthawi yochepa maluwa izikhala. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yofatsa, kubzala kwa dahlia kumayambira zaka khumi zapitazi za Epulo ndipo kumatha May onse.
Lamulo lalikulu lodzala dahlia ndikulondola. Khosi la mizu ndipo limaphukira pamizu ya tubers ndikosavuta kuwonongeka, mbewu zimafuna kukhazikitsidwa mosamala ndi kuwongolera kwa mulingo wamalo. Ndikofunikira kuwunikira momwe ma rhizomes adzaikidwire ndipo osayambitsa kuvulala kosafunikira, osathamangira kulikonse komanso osawonetsa kusasamala.
Palibe chosokoneza pakubzala dahlia:
- Zomera, zimakumba maenje akutsikira, mabowo akuya kwambiri kotero kuti nthangala yake yozama yolimba imayang'anamo popanda kuvulazidwa. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chodzala dahlia, amakumba mabowo okuza pafupifupi masentimita 40. Mtunda wa mbewu zoyandikana ndi pakati pa tchire amawerengedwa kutengera kutalika kwa chitsamba. Mtunda wapakati umayambira 30 mpaka 80 cm.
- Ngati dothi silinakonzedwe pasadakhale, feteleza wachilengedwe ndi michere wosakanikirana ndi dongo umayikidwa pansi pa zitsime (supuni 1 ya feteleza wazinthu zambiri, phulusa laling'ono, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ndowa ya kompositi. Amasakanikirana ndi dothi ndikuyika dzenje lobowola.
- Ngati mitundu yayitali komanso yofalikira yakula, zothandizira garter dahlias zimayikiridwa modalirika. Chithandizocho chitha kukhazikitsidwa pokhapokha musanakwere, choncho ngakhale mutakayikira kufunika kwake, ndibwino kukhazikitsa msomali musanachitike.
- Mabowo akuluakulu amayatsidwa madzi ambiri.
- Mizu yophukira imachotsedwa mosamala m'mabokosi ndikuyikidwa mu dzenje, kuyesa kukhalabe ndi gawo la khosi. Amadzaza dothi, pang'onopang'ono kufinya kuzungulira ma rhizomes, koma osagona pakhosi pamizu. Mtunda kuchokera khosi la mizu kupita kumtunda wa dothi uyenera kukhala kuchokera pa 2-3 cm mpaka 5-6 cm.Dahlias nthawi zonse zimabzalidwa ndikuzama pang'ono, kuwalola kuti athe kulolera kuzizira kwa yophukira ndikukhazikitsa kusiyana kwa kutentha.
- Mutabzala, mbewuzo zimamangidwa ndikuthandizira ndikuthilira kwambiri. Kuti zitheke komanso kugawa bwino chinyezi kuzungulira dzenjelo pangani bowo loyendetsa (mbali).
Kwa dahlias obzalidwa, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chinyezi komanso chinyezi chodera. Zomera ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi kuti zithandizire nyengo yachilala. Dothi likaumbika, limasulidwa mosamala. Kuyambira masabata oyambilira mutabzala, muyenera kuwunika momwe namsongole amatengera ndikukula kwawo.
Kubzala feteleza kumayamba mbewu zikayamba kukhazikika - osati kale kuposa sabata mutabzala. Kutulutsa mphukira zowonjezera, kutsina, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zimayambira kukuthandizani kuti mulime kwambiri. Dahlias amamangidwa pamene akukula, ali ndi mtanda womasuka wa zinthu zofewa.
Kodi mumalima dahlias m'munda wanu? Kodi mumawakonzekeretsa bwanji kuti afike? Gawani zomwe mukukula za dahlia pakukula kwamawu.
