Dzungu losiyanasiyana ili m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi limatchedwa masamba ndi mbale, m'magulu apadziko lonse, komwe squash amatchedwa Cucurbita pepo var. Clypeata, kuyerekeza kwake ndi chipolopolo cha scallop kukhazikika. Squash ili ndi dzina losadziwika konse - Yerusalemu artichoke. Mawu akuti "squash" amachokera ku dzina la keke yatsekedwa yaku France, pate. Chikhalidwe chamasamba ndichofanana ndi mbale iyi mawonekedwe komanso mawonekedwe achilendo kwa banja la dzungu.
Kodi squash amawoneka bwanji, ndipo ndichifukwa chiyani kuyerekeza ndi mbale ndi payi ndizomveka?
Mosiyana ndi maungu, sikwashi samapereka zikwapu. Zukini, monga abale awo apamtima, amakula, ndikupanga chitsamba chachikulu chomwe, pambuyo pa maluwa, phulusa loumbika bwino lomwe limakhala ngati m'mphepete mwake.
Chochititsa chidwi, squash zakutchire sizipezeka mwachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, zoyambira zamtunduwu sizikudziwikiratu. Mokulira, squash ndizotsatira zakukula modabwitsa ndikuyamba kuwonekera kwinakwake ku Central kapena South America, ndikufalikira kumadera ena padziko lapansi. Chikhalidwe chotchuka kwambiri chili ku France ndi United States. Kuphatikiza apo, ku North America bara, squash yoyenera kuti inali ndi pty, yomwe imamasulira ngati mawonekedwe a mkate.
Ku Russia, masamba omwe kale anali odziwika tsopano amayiwalika ndikusinthidwa ndi mitundu ina yofananira, ngakhale kukulira squash ndikuwasamalira sikukhala kovuta ngakhale kwa wamunda wamaluwa.
Kukula squash ndi kusamalira chisamaliro
Mbewu za squash zimawoneka kuti zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mbewu za zukini, zimasinthanso kumera mpaka zaka 8, koma pang'ono pang'ono. Kutentha komwe mbewu zimayamba kumera ndi 12-14 ° C, ndipo squash imamera ndikubereka zipatso pa 15-27 ° C. Mukabzala mbewuyi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti chisanu ndi chobayira mbewu, chifukwa chake, mbeu kapena mbande za squash zimalowa m'malo osapezekapo theka lachiwiri la Meyi.
Maungu opopomoka ali ndi zofuna zawo kuti apangidwe ndi nthaka. Malo abwino kubzala squash ndi malo owala bwino okhala ndi dothi lotayirira lomwe lili ndi michere. Chomera chimakhala bwino pa chernozem chosakanizika ndi utuchi kapena mchenga:
- Mafuta okhala ndi feteleza wa organic ndi oyenera kukula squash, pamlingo wa 4-6 kg pa mita imodzi.
- Mukugwa kwake, magalamu 46 a superphosphate ndi magalamu 12 a mchere wa potaziyamu amawonjezeredwa m'nthaka pa mita iliyonse yamabedi.
- Chapakatikati, pophatikiza manyowa dothi lililonse ndi mita 13 wa urea.
Mukamasankha malo obzala squashi, onani kuti pambuyo pa nkhaka, zukini, squash ndi maungu pawokha, chikhalidwechi sichiyenera kubzalidwe.
Kodi squash amakula bwanji pafupi ndi mbewu zina zam'munda? Popewa kukula kwa matenda omwe amabadwa mwa mitundu yofananira iyi, squash imatha kutenga bedi lomaliza pokhapokha zaka 4-5. Koma zitatha nyemba, kaloti ndi parsley, anyezi ndi kabichi, zokolola za maungu zachilendozi zimakhala zabwino, ndipo tchire lathanzi. Monga momwe maungu omwe amayenda bwino ndi mbatata, squash imatha kulimidwa mu kanjira pakati pa tchire la mbatata. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona momwe squash imamera pamulu wa kompositi. Kutenthetsa kosalekeza kwa dothi komanso kuchuluka kwa zakudya zake zimakhudza bwino chitsamba komanso kuchuluka kwa thumba losunga mazira.
Potseguka, mbewu zimabzalidwa theka lachiwiri la Meyi. Bowo lakuya masentimita atatu mpaka asanu liyenera kukhala mbewu 2-3. Bedi lamtunda limayikidwa kuti pakati pa mbewuyo lisakhale pansi pa 70 cm.Pomwe mbande idzatsegula masamba enieni enieni. Amadulidwa, ndikusiya mphukira imodzi pachitsime chilichonse.
Ngati nyengo yozizira kapena chisanu sichitha, mukamakula squash, mbewu ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi filimu.
Sikwashi ikakula kudzera mbande, kufesa m'miphika ndi mainchesi 8 cm kumachitika mchaka chachitatu chomaliza cha Epulo. Mbande zimasinthidwa m'nthaka patatha masiku 25-35, ngozi ya chisanu ikadutsa. Squash ikhoza kuthandizidwa milungu iwiri kale. Chifukwa cha mizu yamphamvu, chitsamba cha squash chimalandila chakudya kuchokera kwakuya mpaka theka la mita ndi dothi lozama mwake pafupifupi mita 4. Chifukwa chake, kuthirira kocheperako koma kochulukirapo kuphatikiza ndi kuvala pamwamba kumakomera mbewu:
- Mbande zokhala ndi masamba awiri otseguka zimadyetsedwa yankho la 15-20 magalamu a urea ndi theka kuchuluka kwa feteleza ndi phosphorous pa mita imodzi.
- Pa nthawi ya mapangidwe a bud, kuvala kwapamwamba kumabwerezedwa, kuwirikiza kawiri mulingo wamchere wa potaziyamu ndi theka ndi theka - feteleza wa phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni.
- Panthawi ya zipatso zochulukirapo, tchire la squash limayatsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ofanana.
Munthawi yowuma, sikwashi amathiridwe madzi kamodzi pa sabata.
Kuti mupewe kuyatsa bwino ndikuwongolera masamba pamitengo ya maluwa akuluakulu, gawo la masamba limang'ambika, zomwe zingalepheretse mabakiteriya obisika ndi bowa. Pofuna kupewa kuwola kwa chipatso, ndibwino kuti musalole kuti ovary agwere pansi, ndikuchotsanso maluwa omwe anazimiririka.
Kodi mungasunge squash bwanji nthawi yachisanu ndikudya m'chilimwe?
Monga zukini, sikwashi umadyedwa mwana, pomwe msuziwo sunakome, mbewu sizinapangidwe, ndipo zamkati zimasinthasintha. Dzungu likapsa, pamtunda pang'onopang'ono simunaberekeke, mkati mwa chipatso mumasuka, mbewu zimacha. Sungani squash yotereyi nthawi yachisanu si yovuta, koma phindu lawo la zakudya ndizochepa.
Ndizowonjezeranso zovuta kusunga ndikukonzekera squash wosangalatsa wamtsogolo wokhala ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 12, woyenera kukazinga, kudyetsa, kuyika zinthu ndi kuwotcha. Kukolola zipatso zotere kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata, onetsetsani kuti mukusiya phesi pa squash.
Kudula kokhazikika kumakhala kosavuta kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa kuti mazira atsopano apangidwe mpaka kuzizira.
Squash achichepere ndizosatheka kukhala zatsopano kwa mwezi umodzi. Kunyumba, kutentha kwambiri osaposa 4-8 ° C, zipatso zimasungabe mawonekedwe ake ndi kukoma kwawo kwanthawi yayitali. Wovunda squash squash wosungidwa bwino mpaka kasupe. Potere, zipatso zomwe zimatumizidwa ku malo ogulitsira ziyenera kukhala zolimba, osakanda ndi zopaka pakhungu, ndi phesi laling'ono ndikuchotsa maluwa.
Malo osungirako abwino kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa 1-3 ° C, chinyezi chochepa komanso kupezeka kwa mpweya wabwino.
Kodi mungasunge squash bwanji nthawi yachisanu mchipinda? Kuti muchite izi, zipatsozo zimakulungidwa mu pepala ndikuyika malo amdima kuti maungu asakhudze. Monga zukini, sikwashi womwe udawomberedwa kale usanakhwime ungakhale wabwino kwa ma marinade opanga, ma pickles, ndi masamba osangalatsa a masamba.
Kodi mungasunge bwanji squash pafupifupi mwatsopano komanso yowutsa mudyo kwa dzinja? Sikwashi yaying'ono ikhoza kusungidwa mwatsopano ndikuyiyika kuzizira kozizira mwa zipatso zazing'ono zomwe zakonzedwa kuti zitheke, kapena ma cubes ang'onoang'ono omwe amapita ku mphodza, sopo ndi zina zophikira mbale. Mitengo yachisanu yozizira imasungabe thanzi labwino komanso kukoma kwa zipatso zosankhidwa kumene.
