Kumquat, Gold Orange, kapena Kinkan ndi chomera chamkati chokhala ndi zipatso za lalanje. Kumquat kunyumba kumawoneka kosangalatsa, kofanana ndi kamtengo kakang'ono kapena bonsai wokhala ndi korona wobiriwira. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndi kulawa kwa zipatso sikuti ndizotsika kuposa zipatso zodziwika bwino za zipatso. Ngati ndi kotheka, chomeracho chimatha kupangika kuthengo, kutalika kwake kungadalire kukula kwa mphikawo. Kunyumba, mtengo wokongola umasangalatsa ngati utaperekedwa ndi malo oyenera.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Kumquat adayamba kuwonekera ku China, ndipo kenako adakula ku Europe ndi America. Kuthengo, kukula kwa mtengowu kumafikira 4.5 m, munyumba - osapitirira 1.5 m.
Nthambi zovekedwa korona mwamphamvu, nthambi zimakutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono osalala amtundu wobiriwira wakuda. Mukakulitsa kumquat kunyumba, nthawi yamaluwa imayamba mu Epulo kapena kumapeto kwa Meyi ndipo imatenga masiku 50. Maluwa ali ndi fungo labwino, wopaka utoto wokhala ndi pintpi yapinki, amatha kupezeka mu inflorescence, ndipo payekhapayekha.
Masiku 60 mpaka 90 pambuyo pa maluwa, mbewuzo zimayamba kubereka. Kucha zipatso kumayamba kumayambiriro kwa masika. Nthawi imeneyi, mtengowo umawoneka wokongola kwambiri. Zipatsozi ndi zofanana ndi malalanje ang'onoang'ono olemera mpaka 30 g, peel ndi yopyapyala, yokhala ndi utoto wowala wa lalanje. Thupi limakoma wowawasa, ndipo khungu limakhala lokoma, kotero simungathe kuchotsa.
Mitundu ya Kumquat yoyenera nyumba ikukula
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya kinkan yomwe imakula mwachilengedwe imakhalanso yoyenera kulima payokha. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri ndi amateurs ndi mitundu ingapo.
Nagami
Mtundu wofala kwambiri womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga ndi maluwa. Imabweretsa zipatso zokoma zomwe zimafanana ndi azitona kukula kwake ndikusintha. Nagami ali ndi mitundu ingapo:
- Variegatum. Zimasiyanasiyana mikwingwirima yoyambirira pazipatso, mutatha kucha, kukongoletsa kumatha.
- Nordmann. Zomera zopanda mbewu.
Nthawi zambiri Nagami imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu bonsai art.
Marumi
Mitundu yama Japan yakukumquat, ndi chitsamba chaching'ono. Zipatsozo ndizopakika, zopakidwa golide wa lalanje. Amakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino, kokoma. Marumi imalekerera chisanu bwino, choncho kum'mwera imatha kulimidwa mumsewu.
Maeve
Mtundu wocheperako wokhala ndi zokongoletsera zapamwamba. Zipatso zazikulu kwambiri zachikasu za lalanje zimawoneka ngati mandimu, kulawa ndi acidity pang'ono. Zomera ndizochepa, zimakhala ndi masamba owundana ndi korona wandiweyani yemwe amatha kukongoletsa zamkati chilichonse.
Fukushi
Mitundu iyi imadziwika ndi zipatso zazikulu kwambiri komanso zotsekemera zomwe zimakhala ndi khungu loonda. Korona wokongola wonyezimira amakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi malo osungira.
Musanagule mtengo, muyenera kuphunzira kusamalira kumquat. Paulimi wamkati, osati mitundu ya kinkan yokha yomwe ili yoyenera, komanso mitundu ina yophatikiza ndi zipatso zina za malalanje ndi kumquat: ndi mandarin (calamondine), ndimu (lemquat), laimu (limequat) ndi ena.
Kumquat kunyumba: kulima ndi kusamalira
Kukonza mbewu moyenera kumafunika chisamaliro ndi ntchito. Monga zipatso zamtundu uliwonse, zimakumana mwachangu kwambiri pazovuta, chifukwa chake, zimafunikira chisamaliro chowonjezereka ndi chisamaliro chokhazikika. Kinkan ya moody ndi yowoneka bwino ndipo imabala zipatso zambiri. Ngakhale zovuta zonse, kukula pamvat kunyumba ndizovuta komanso zosangalatsa.
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Pokhazikitsa malo oika maluwa, malo osanja kwambiri mu nyumbayo amasankhidwa - zenera sill kumadzulo kapena kumwera chakumwera. Ikaikidwa pafupi ndi zenera kuyang'ana kum'mawa, mtengowo umakhala ndi moyo, koma umakula pang'onopang'ono ndikubala zipatso pang'ono. M'chilimwe, chomera chidzafunika kuwala kosiyanitsidwa ndi kutetezedwa ku kuwala mwachindunji. Mutha kupita nawo kukhonde kapena mumsewu.
Zizindikiro zoyenera kutentha mu chirimwe ndi 25 - 28 madigiri, m'nyengo yozizira +10 - +12. Kutentha kwamphamvu kapena, pambali yake, hypothermia sayenera kuloledwa. Mu nthawi yozizira, mmera uyenera kubweretsa mtendere. Kuti muchite izi, ili m'malo abwino, pomwe kuthirira kumachepa. Izi zikuthandizira kukonza kumquat chomera chakukula kuti chikule, maluwa, ndikupanga mbewu.
Ngati malo odyetsera nyengo yachisanu ndi otentha, mtengowo udzafunikiranso kuwala. Microclimate yofunda yophatikizidwa ndi kuwunikira koyipa ipangitsa masamba kugwa. Zitatha izi, mbewu ndiyovuta kubwezeretsa.
Chinyezi ndi kuthirira
Mtengowu umakonda chinyezi chachikulu, umakula mwachangu ndipo umabala zipatso bwino nthawi yabwino. Ndikokwanira kuyiyika mu thireyi yayikulu ndi dongo lonyowa, ndikuwaza ndi madzi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zonyowetsera zapadera. Ndikofunika kuti mbewu zachikulire zizisamba nthawi ndi nthawi, komanso kupukuta masamba ndi chinkhupule chonyowa.
Kusamalira kumquat kunyumba sikumachita popanda kuthirira kawirikawiri. Madzi ayenera kukhazikitsidwa komanso zofewa. Chinyezi cholimba choyenda chimayenera kukhala chophatikiza ndi 1 mpaka masiku awiri asanamwetsedwe, kuti mchere wonse woyipa ubwere. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira nthaka acidity, yomwe iyenera kukhala yosaloledwa.
Nyengo zimatengera kutsika kochuluka: pakutentha kutentha, mmera nthawi zambiri umafunika chinyontho, nthawi yozizira - nthawi zambiri. Mutha kudziwa za kufunika kuthirira ndi nthaka. Ngati yauma kuposa 4 cm, ndi nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa kapena acidified. Kuzizira pama kutentha mpaka +10 madigiri, nyanjayo imapangidwa nthawi 1 pamwezi.
Mtengowo sulekerera kuchepera komanso chinyezi chambiri. Mizu yokhazikika imayamba kuvunda, nthaka yoswedwa imayambitsa kufa kwa kinkan. Madzi ochulukirapo omwe atulutsiridwira pachikatacho amathiramo pansi theka la ola.
Kudulira ndikunyamula
Mitengo ndi zitsamba zobzalira nthangala nthawi zina zimakhala zazitali komanso zophuka. Kuti apange korona wokongola ndikuwoneka bwino, kumquat amakonzedwa. Njirayi imabwerezedwanso pachaka. Malangizo a mphukira amachotsedwa mosamala kuti koronayo akhale mawonekedwe a semicircle. Kudulira sikumangochitira zokongoletsa zokha, komanso kumayambitsa kukula kwa nthambi zatsopano, zomwe zimathandizira pakupindula.
Kumquat, yomwe imabala zipatso, imafunikira kumuyika kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu. Iyenera kupangidwa usanayambike mphukira zatsopano - kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu kapena kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa masika. Njirayi imakhala ndi kufalikira kwa chomera limodzi ndi dothi, pomwe ndikofunikira kuti tisakhudze mizu yosalimba.
Pambuyo povindikira, maluwa oikidwa m'malo otetezedwa ndi dzuwa. Kumvat amapopera madzi tsiku lililonse.
Ntchito feteleza
Popanda kuphatikiza michere pafupipafupi, mbewuyo singabale zipatso, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuganizira mbali iyi ya chisamaliro. Kutengera zinthu zingapo, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumaululidwa:
- m`badwo ndi mkhalidwe wa kinkan;
- mawonekedwe a nthaka yomwe mtengo umamera;
- kukula kwa mphika.
Ngati mphika ndi wocheperako, ndiye kuti feteleza azigwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Pa siteji yogwira ntchito, feteleza ndi phosphorous zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku 10 aliwonse. M'nyengo yozizira, njirayi imatsitsidwa nthawi imodzi pamwezi.
Feteleza ndizofunikira pakukula kinkan, komanso kutulutsa kokwanira. Kuchuluka kwa lita imodzi yamadzi ndi:
- potaziyamu mankhwala enaake - 1/8 tsp;
- ammonium nitrate - ¼ tsp;
- superphosphate yosavuta - 0,5 tsp.
Omwe alimi ena akulimbana ndi vuto la kukula kwa pamquat kunyumba, onani zabwino atapanga kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa.
Kubzala mbewu
Kufalikira kwa Kumquat kumachitika m'njira zingapo:
- fupa;
- kudula;
- mabande amatumphuka;
- katemera.
Njira ziwiri zomalizazi ndizovuta kuchita, kotero okhawo amene ali ndi luso lamaluwa angachite izi. Oyambira amalangizidwa kuti asamalire njira zina ziwiri. Tiyeni tikambirane chilichonse mwatsatanetsatane.
Kubala mafupa
Imawerengedwa kuti ndi njira yotsika mtengo komanso yotchuka. Kukula kumquat kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba ndi ntchito yofunikira kwambiri, koma mtengowo umakula kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zipatso zoyambirira zimawonekera pokhapokha mchaka cha 10.
Mbewu yatsopano imanyowa kwa masiku angapo mu yankho la muzu, kenako imabzalidwe pakati penipenipo mpaka pakuya masentimita 1.5 - 2. Nthaka yadziko lonse yokhala ndi mchenga ndi dothi lakuda ndiyoyenera kubzala. Mbewuyi imathiriridwa ndimadzi ambiri, zomwe zochulukazo zimatulutsidwa kuchokera poto. Mphika umakutidwa ndi chidutswa cha galasi kapena wokutira pulasitiki, kenako ndikuyika pabwino.
Pakatha miyezi ingapo, mphukira zimawonekera ndi masamba 4 mpaka 5. Zitatha izi, amazika ndikusintha kukhala duwa lokhala ndi maluwa ambiri. Chisamaliro chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa kwa zipatso za kumquat, komanso mitengo ya akulu.
Kudula
Kuti mupeze njirayi, mufunika nthambi ya masentimita 10 ya mtengo wathanzi. Masamba angapo ayenera kuyikidwira; kudulako kumapangidwa kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi motsatira mzere wa oblique. Ndikofunikira kuchita izi mu Epulo, maluwa asanachitike. Kupanda kutero, mmera udzu udzazunzika kwanthawi yayitali.
Pofuna kufalitsa bwino za kumquat ndi zodula, nthambiyo imakutilidwa ndi makulidwe apaderadera. Pamwamba podula m'munsi mumakonkhedwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni, ndiye kuti mapesiwo amawokedwa mchombo choyenera ndi dothi ndikufundidwa ndi chotengera cha galasi. Chovala chamaluwa chimakhala pamalo owala bwino, nthawi zina amalowa pansi ndikuthirira. Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, mbewuyo imakhala yokonzeka kuzika mizu.
Kuyika
Kuti mupeze kuyala ndikamakula kumquat kunyumba, muyenera kusankha mphukira kutalika kwa 20 cm pamtengo wachikulire .. Pakati pa chophukacho, kudula kwamakungwa awiri kumapangidwa motalikirana 1 cm kuchokera pa wina ndi mnzake. Makungwa amachotsedwa mosamala, chifukwa, gawo lozungulira limakhazikitsidwa panthambi. Masamba pansi pa mphete amachotsedwa, ndipo khungwa limayikidwa m'nthaka.
Pakuyika mudzafunika botolo la pulasitiki kapena thumba la pepala. Chidebechi chizidulidwa mbali ziwiri, ndipo dzenje lolingana ndi mulifupi mwa mphukowo lizidulidwa pansi. Nthambi imayikidwa mkati mwa botolo, ndipo mbali zonse ziwiri zimakhazikika ndi tepi. Kusakaniza konyowa kwa peat ndi mchenga kumathiridwa m'chidebe. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dothi siliphwa.
Popita nthawi, mphukira yatsopano idzakhazikika panthambi, ndipo pakatha miyezi ingapo mphukira imatha kudulidwa ndikuchotsa botolo. Kumquat adasinthidwa kukhala maluwa.
Katemera
Mwa njira iyi, mbande zobzala zomwe zafika pamtunda wa masentimita 1. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti katemera wa matquat akhale pamatumba amadziwe kapena mphesa.
Ndondomeko ikuchitika pa gawo la yogwira kukula ndi kuyenda kwa timadziti pa mphukira. Pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5, maso amayamba kuzika, ndipo mphukira zomwe zimakhala pamwamba pa katemera zimadulidwa kuti pakhale korona wathunthu.
Kumquat atakula mwanjira imeneyi amayamba kubala zipatso patapita nthawi, koma kukula kwa mtengo kumathamanga. Zomera zokhazikitsidwa zimatha kugonjera pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zoyipa.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Kumquat amadziwika ndi matenda omwewo monga zipatso zonse za zipatso. Zizindikiro zazikulu za pathological zikuphatikiza:
- mawonekedwe a mawanga pamasamba;
- mkuntho wamchenga;
- kusintha kwa maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a masamba;
- mapangidwe a zophuka;
- kuyanika.
Zomera nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kachilombo ka bacteria kapena fungus, koma ndizotheka kuuchiza. Zipatso zomwe zilipo ndi masamba zimachotsedwa kuti kumquat asataye mphamvu. Zitatha izi, kubwereza chithandizo ndi fungicidal kukonzekera kumachitika. Pa nthawi ya chithandizo, ndikofunikira kupatsa mbewuyi chisamaliro chokwanira komanso chisamaliro, kuti chibwezeretse mphamvu mwachangu.
Ma virus a Trispeza, xyloporosis ndi ena sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Pamaso pa microclimate yoyipa, mtengowo umagwidwa ndi kangaude, aphid, tizilombo tambiri ndi tizirombo tina. Mutha kuthana nawo mothandizidwa ndi zida zapadera.
Kumquat ndi chomera chokongola choyenera kukula pakhomo. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, zidzakondweretsa diso ndikubala zipatso zamtundu wokhala ndi kukoma kopambana.
