Mtundu monga euphorbia (Euphorbia), wa banja la Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), ndi imodzi mwazomera zomera. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu yachilengedwe pafupifupi 2000 yomwe imapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi. Mitundu iyi imayimiriridwa ndi sapulents, zitsamba zapachaka, zitsamba, komanso "cacti." Chifukwa chake, ku Russia mwachilengedwe mutha kukumana ndi mitundu 160 ya mkaka wamkaka. Ndipo palinso mitundu yambiri yomwe imalimidwa yomwe imakula bwino pamabala amunthu.
Chifukwa chake, maudzu ambiri odziwika bwino a udzu (euphorbia cyparissias) ndi amtundu wa milkweed. Imayimiririka ndi masamba ake achabe kwambiri, omwe ali ofanana ndi nthambi za larch. Griffith's Euphorbia kapena yamoto (Euphorbia griffithii) ikupezeka paliponse pakati pa akatswiri olima dimba. Chomera chamuyaya ichi chikuyenda maluwa. Mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana imakulidwa kunyumba. Zomera zonsezi zimalumikizidwa ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana - kukhalapo kwa madzi amkaka (omwe adalimbikitsa mapangidwe a dzinalo). Nthawi zambiri, pokhapokha ngati munthu akudziwa bwino zamasamba azitha kuzindikira euphorbia pamaso pake kapena ayi.
Palinso mawonekedwe ena a oimira onse amtunduwu. Izi zikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a inflorescence. Izi inflorescence ili ndi chikhalidwe chokomera kukula: gawo laling'onoli, lofanana kwambiri ndi duwa, limamera molunjika kuchokera wakale. Iliyonse ya "maluwa" nthawi yomweyo amafanana ndi maluwa achilendo, ophatikizidwa ndi duwa limodzi lodziwika la pistil, komanso ma stamens asanu (osiyidwa kuchokera kumaluwa achikale). Dongosolo labwino kwambiri lazungulirali limazunguliridwa ndi bulangeti la brices, lomwe limatsalira maluwa osapsa.
Pomaliza maluwa, chipatso chimapangidwa ndikucha, lomwe ndi bokosi loyang'ana mbali zitatu, mkati mwake momwe muli mbewu zitatu za mtedza.
Mitundu yayikulu
Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ndipo nthawi zambiri imalimidwa kunyumba.
White-eared Euphorbia (Euphorbia leuconeura)
Amachokera ku Madagascar. Chomera chamtundu wa herbaceous chachilengedwechichi chitha kutalika mamita 1.5. Muzu wapakati umayikiridwa pansi. Tsinde laling'ono limangokhala lokha, ndipo wolimba kwambiri amakhala wopanda mphamvu. Gawo lam'munsi mwa tsinde limapindika. Pamwambapa, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a nthiti zisanu, pomwe zipsera zosasalala zomwe zimatsalira masamba adagwa zikuwonekera bwino pamtunda. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi zikhadabo zofiirira za mawonekedwe owondera pamtambo wakuda bii. Pamwamba pa nthiti pali zokutira zopangidwa ndi fupifupi (pafupifupi 0,4 sentimita). Masamba a petiole amakula mozungulira pa tsinde. Amafa pang'onopang'ono ndikungokhala m'mawu owonekera. Mitundu yoyera imakhala yofiirira. Masamba akhungu kwambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a obovate ndipo amatalika kutalika kwa 15-20 sentimita, ndi m'lifupi mwake masentimita 5-8. Mbali yakutsogolo ya pepalalo ndi utoto wobiriwira ndipo imakhala ndi mitsempha yoyera, mbali yolakwika imakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira. Pazinthu zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono ndizoviyera zoyera, zomwe zimakhala ndi malo okumbika ndipo lathyathyathya, miyendo yotseguka, yomwe ndi mainchesi 8.
Ichi ndi chomera chofulumira chomwe chimakonda kudzilimira. Mbewu zambiri zimagwera pansi pamphika ndipo mbande zazing'ono zimawonekera mwachangu. Zoti mbewuzo zisachotsedwe, mudzaza dothi lonse mumphika.
Euphorbia yodzaza kapena yosenda (Euphorbia lophogona)
Kwawo kwa zitsamba zabwino za ku Mexico. Onse mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa chitsamba, mtunduwu ndi wofanana ndi mkaka woyera wokhala ndi mkaka. Koma mu chomera chotere, ngakhale mitsempha yomwe ili patsamba latsamba imasiyanitsidwa bwino, imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Ndipo zophuka zomwe zilipo pa nthiti za tsinde ndizofanana ndi chiphuphu chakuda. Mtundu wamabakitala ndi pinki yoyera.
Mile Euphorbia (Euphorbia milii)
Umene amatchedwanso mkaka wokongola kapena wopatsa chidwi (Euphorbia splendens) - malo omwe chitsamba chabwino kwambiri, chophukidwa bwino kwambiri ndicho chilumba cha Madagascar. Mwachilengedwe, euphorbia yotere imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 200. Pamwamba pa tsinde ndi lozikika ndipo imakhala yotuwa. Ili ndi singano zambiri zokhala ndi ma spikes osalala, omwe amatha kufikira masentimita atatu kutalika. Timapepala tatifupi tili ndi mawonekedwe a elliptical kapena obovate, okhala ndi mainchesi 15, ndi kutalika masentimita 3.5. Popita nthawi, masamba akumunsi amafa ndipo amangokhala pamwamba pa tsinde. Mawonekedwe a mabreteni ali ofanana ndi mawonekedwe am'mbuyomu, koma ali ndi mainchesi miyendo, omwe ali mamilimita 12. Mtundu wawo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana, mwachitsanzo, wofiirira wofiyira, woyera, lalanje, wachikasu kapena wapinki.
Euphorbia triangular kapena trierals (Euphorbia trigona)
Mwachilengedwe, mutha kukumana ndi madera akuma dera a South West Africa. Chitsamba chanthunzi chabwino ichi chimatha kutalika masentimita 200. Zoyambira zake zimakanikizidwa mwamphamvu motsutsana ndikukula. Zoyambira, zotsekemera-zokhala ndi timiyendo tathutatu, ndipo mainchesi awo ndi mainentimita 6. Pamwamba pa nthitizo pali milu yayikulu-yofiirira yofiirira, yomwe imatha kutalika mamilimita asanu. Mu mphuno zam'mphepete zam'mphepete mwake, masamba ang'onoang'ono amasungidwa, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, omwe amafikira masentimita atatu mpaka asanu.
Olemba ena ali ndi chidziwitso chakuti mtunduwu kulibe, ndipo kubereka kumachitika mwa kusiya kudula.
Wodziwika kwambiri pakati pa olima maluwa ndi mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi mphukira za mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, ndi masamba ofiira.
Wokongola wa euphorbia kapena poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)
Dziko lakwawo ndi Central America ndi Mexico yotentha. Mtunduwu umadziwika kuti ndi umodzi wokongola kwambiri pabanja lonse la mkaka ndipo umatchedwanso "Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi". Izi ndichifukwa choti phokoso lotereli limamasula mu Disembala. Mtengowo ndi wamtali (mpaka mita 4), chitsamba chanthete kwambiri chofowoka, ngati kuti chimasweka, chimayambira. Timasamba tatifupi tili ndi mawonekedwe owongoka kapena otambalala kwambiri okhala ndi m'mphepete lalikulu. Pamaso pake pamakhala masamba achikopa ndipo mitsempha imatuluka. Kutalika kwa pepala lamapulogalamu kukufika masentimita 16, ndipo m'lifupi ndikofika masentimita 7. Phiri loterolo limayamikira mawonekedwe ake ochititsa chidwi chifukwa cha mabulangete ake owala kwambiri, omwe ali ochulukirapo. Kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake ali ofanana kwambiri ndi masamba. Pankhani imeneyi, anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mbewu iyi ili ndi masamba okongola kwambiri. Mitundu yoyambirira imakhala ndi ma broker ofiira. Nthawi yomweyo, pamakhala mitundu yambiri, mabulangete ake opakidwa lalanje, oyera oyera, achikaso, pinki kapena amtundu wina.
Euphorbia "Mutu wa Medusa" (Euphorbia caput-medusae)
Malo omwe mbewu zoterezi zimachokera ku South Africa, dera la Cape Town. Mtengo wotchedwa herbaceous wolimba kwambiri pamunsi ndiwosatha. Amatulutsa mphukira zambiri zokutira. Patsamba lawo lamtundu wobiriwira pamakhala timiyala tambiri tambiri, tomwe maulalo oterowo amafanana kwambiri ndi njoka zambiri zomwe zimakulungidwa kukhala mpira. Masamba ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi masamba ochepa amapangika pamwamba pa mphukira. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera akutuluka, osayimira kukongoletsa.
Muno wokhala ndi mkaka umapangika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pamakhala zipsera zambiri pamtunda.
Chiyeso chaku Euphorbia (Euphorbia obesa)
Koyambira kuchokera ku South Africa, kuchokera kudera la Caspian. Izi zokoma, zomwe ndizosatha, zikufanana kwambiri ndi kactus. Pesi la octagonal silikhala nthambi. Choyerekeza chachicheperechi chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo ndi ukalamba, tsinde limatambalala ndipo limakhala ngati baseball. Kutalika kwake, kumafika masentimita 20 mpaka 30, komanso mainchesi osiyanasiyana - kuchokera pa 9 mpaka 10 cm. Pamutu pa nthiti zotsika pali ma tubercles ambiri okhala ndi mabala amtundu wama brown omwe amatsalira kuchokera ku inflorescence kale. Mitengo yaying'ono yofiyira yofanana ndi masamba ophukira kapena masamba ang'onoang'ono obiriwira, ndipo imasiyana pokhapokha pestles zazikulu.
Euphorbia enopla (Euphorbia enopla)
Komanso ochokera ku South Africa. Chimawoneka kwambiri ngati nkhwangwa. Zokomazi pamunsi ndizopanda nthambi zambiri, ndipo kutalika kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa sentimita 30 mpaka 100. Mphukira zamitundu yobiriwira zamtundu wobiriwira zimakhala kuchokera ku 6 mpaka 8 nthiti zakuthwa ndi mainchesi ofanana 3 cm. Pamwamba pa nthiti pali gawo lalikulu la ma spikes olimba, ofiira ofiira ngati kaso, kutalika kwake komwe kumasiyana kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 6 sentimita. Pamwamba pa mphukira, inflorescence imapangidwa. Maluwa achichepere amaoneka ofanana kwambiri ndi minga yomwe ili pafupi, koma patapita nthawi, mapiri awo amawulula kapu yaying'ono (5 mm) yazovala zofiira.
Kusamalira mkaka kunyumba
Popeza pali mitundu yambiri yamkaka ndipo ambiri a iwo amasiyana mu chisamaliro cha chisamaliro, palibe malamulo wamba. Pansipa tikambirana za mayendedwe achikulire a mkaka, chifukwa ndiwo nthawi zambiri amakulira kunyumba.
Kuwala
Zomera zoterezi pachaka chonse zimafunikira kuunikira kwambiri ndi kuwongoleredwa ndi dzuwa. Mawindo abwino kwambiri ali kumwera chakumadzulo, kumwera, komanso kuyang'ana kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Ngati kuwunikira ndikusowa, ndiye kuti euphorbia ikula, kukula kwatsopano kumakhala kowawa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina izi zingayambitse kufa kwa mbewu yonse. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma phytolamp kuunikira, kwinaku mukukumbukira kuti kutalika kwa kuwala chaka chonse kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi maola 10.
Mitundu yotentha
M'chilimwe, mmera umakhala bwino pamtunda wa madigiri 20 mpaka 25. Mitundu yonse yamaluwa imakhala ndi nyengo yovunda, yomwe imawonedwa nthawi yozizira ndipo imafuna kuti ikhale yozizira. Ndizonse, chifukwa kuyika kwamaluwa kumayambira pa kutentha kwa madigiri 14.
Kutsokomola koteroko sikumakhala kotheka kusintha kwa kutentha, koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti salola kusanja. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyatsa chipinda mosamala.
Momwe mungamwere
Pali lamulo limodzi - laling'onoting'ono ngati mbewu limafanana ndi nkhwangwa, nthawi zambiri imafunika kuthiriridwa. Muyeneranso kuyang'ana momwe dothi lilili. Kuthirira kwambiri kumachitika pokhapokha nthaka ikadzala mwakuya ndi ¼ mbali. Madzi sayenera kuloledwa kuyendetsedwa mu gawo lapansi, komanso acidization. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mkaka wokhala ndi tsinde lakuya lomwe limatha kuvunda mwachangu. Koma musaiwale kuti mitundu ina imadana kwambiri ndikumauma kwa dothi, mwachitsanzo, Milk euphorbia. Amatha kuyankha poponya masamba.
M'nyengo yozizira, ikakhala yozizira, muyenera kuthirira zochepa, chifukwa nthawi imeneyi pamakhala chiwopsezo chambiri chowola pamizu ndi khosi mizu.
Chinyezi
Chinyezi chotsika kwambiri cha nyumba zamatauni ndizoyenera.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Dothi loyenera liyenera kukhala lotayirira, losaloledwa komanso loti mpweya uzilowa. Pakubzala, mutha kugula chosakanizika ndi dothi chopangira cha cacti kapena muyeseni nokha. Kuti muchite izi, phatikizani pepala, sod ndi peat land, tchipisi ta njerwa ndi mchenga wowuma, womwe uyenera kutengedwa chimodzimodzi.
Pansi pamphika, musaiwale kupanga zabwino zotungira dongo lokakulitsidwa.
Feteleza
Zomera zotere, monga lamulo, zimamera panthaka zosauka, chifukwa chake siziyenera kukumana nthawi zambiri. Izi zimachitika kamodzi pa sabata. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wa cacti ndipo imwani mlingo womwe umasonyezedwa phukusi. Ngati nthawi yozizira imakhala nthawi yopumira, ndiye feteleza safunika kuthira nthaka.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Euphorbia imasinthidwa pokhapokha ngati mizu yake itasiya kulowa mumphika.
Kudulira
Ma piritsi ooneka ngati ma Cactus komanso euphorbia yoyera komanso yokhota sifunikira kudina komanso kudulira. Mitundu yomwe imatulutsa mwamphamvu mwachilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, Mkaka Euphorbia) iyenera kutsina nsonga za tsinde. Izi zimathandizira kupatsa chidwi korona, komanso zimathandizira kuti tchire lisakule kwambiri.
Njira zolerera
Euphorbia - "cacti" kunyumba, monga lamulo, lofalitsidwa ndi ana. Mwakutero, mitundu yamasamba imatha kufalitsidwa ndi kudulidwa ndi mbewu.
Asanadzalemo mapesi odula, ayenera kutsukidwa kuchokera ku madzi amkaka, kenako ndikawasiyira poti owuma. Kuti mizu ikule mwachangu, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonza nsonga ya tsinde ndi Kornevin. Zodulidwa zakonzedwa zimafunika kubzalidwe mumchenga wonyowa kapena peat gawo lapansi. Kuti muzu, mufunika wowonjezera kutentha pang'ono, momwe muyenera kukhalira chinyezi. Mpweya wabwino mwanjira yofunika.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Amagwira makamaka matenda ndi tizirombo. Koma amatha kudwala chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino.
- Kupaka masamba ambiri pachikongolero chilimwe ndi kusanja kapena kusokosera kwa madzi m'nthaka.
- Kupaka masamba osachepera kwambiri m'chilimwe ndi njira yachilengedwe.
- Mukugwa, chikasu cha masamba ambiri ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino yamitundu yachilengedwe yokonzekera nyengo yachisanu.
- Malo amodzi akali mabuluu kumaso kwa mphukira - kuwotcha kwatsalira ndi dzuwa.
- Pali malo a bulauni ambiri pa tsinde ndipo ali ndi miyeso yosiyanasiyana - uku akuwola chifukwa cha kusayenda kwamadzi munthaka.
Yang'anani! Chomera ichi ndi chakupha. Chifukwa chake, ngati madzi amkaka afika pakhungu, amayambitsa vuto, ndipo ngati ali m'mimba - poyizoni.
Euphorbia kapena cactus?
Wofesa mbewu wopanda nzeru amatha kusokoneza euphorbia ndi cactus. Koma amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, mkaka wamkaka, mosiyana ndi nkhwangwa, uli ndi madzi amkaka. Cactus spikes amakula mu pubescent areoles, pomwe mikanda yamkaka imamera pamalo osalala. Amasiyananso ndi maluwa.
