Latania nthawi zambiri amatchedwa imodzi mwazipatso zokongola za kanjedza. Chachikulu, pafupifupi chozungulira, chodabwitsa-cirrus amehlo ndichabwino kwambiri. Ndipo m'mphepete mwake pamankhwala opangira masamba adawoneka dzina lodziwika bwino la mbewuyo - kanjedza ka velvet. Posafuna nyengo yozizira, kuzikongoletsa, ndiye m'modzi mwa oimira banja kwambiri. Zimafunikira kutetezedwa kuti tisakonzekerere, kusamalidwa mosamala ndipo sizingadzitame chifukwa chodana ndi tizirombo. Koma kukongola kwa kamangidwe kameneka, mgwalangwa wokongola amatha kuyika mawonekedwe apadera mkati, ndikuwonetsa kukhudzika pakati pa oimira ena a zimphona zamkati.
Palm Latania. © Forest & Kim StarrVelvet ndi zosavuta
Musanadziwane bwino ndi zigamba, ndikofunikira kumveka pofotokoza chisokonezo chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ofanana a mitengo ya kanjedza. Ngakhale kuti mitengo yamanjazi ndi mitundu yoyimilira payokha ya mbewu, nthawi zambiri imasokonezeka ndi mitengo ina ya kanjedza - livistones (kapena m'malo mwake, ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya livistones), ndipo nthawi zina mitengo ya kanjedza imatchedwa mtundu umodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mayina awa monga ma syony. Koma kuyitanitsa kumatula Livistons ndi cholakwika chachikulu. Ndipo koposa apo - yesani kukulitsa iwo molingana ndi mfundo imodzi. Osati molingana ndi magulu amakono onse a botanical, komanso kuchokera pakuwoneka bwino kwa mbewuyo, zodabwitsa za kulima kwake, mitengo ya kanjedza iyi ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Liviston amafunikira nthawi yozizira, koma pambali pa izi imawonedwa ngati yopanda pake, yokhala ndi chinyezi chochepa. Koma kulumikizana ndikovuta kwambiri mchikhalidwe chake ndipo kumakhala koopsa, kumafunikira nyengo yozizira, koma ndiosasamala kwambiri. Ndipo ngakhale mitengo yonse iwiri ya kanjedza ndiyopanga mawonekedwe ndipo imapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira masamba, kunja kwake kusiyana pakati pawo kumawonekerabe. Poika, masamba ambiri ali ngati nthenga za peacock, ali ngati bwalo loyipa kwambiri lomwe lili ndi chowongolera chowotchera, pomwe mu livistona mawonekedwe ake ali ngati mapiri osakira masamba, ma lobes amapanga semicircle kapena semicircle.
Ku West, latania imadziwika pansi pa dzina lokongola kwambiri la kanjedza ka velvet. Zowonadi, ma pubescence odulidwa ndi mitsempha pamasamba, mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri ofiira, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a mafani ozungulira amafanana ndi velvet yapamwamba ndi mawonekedwe awo. Zimapezeka kum'mawa kwa Africa kokha komanso zilumba zina.
Latania (Latania) ndi mtundu wawung'ono wa mitengo yayikulu yazipatso ya banja la a Kaprov. Mitundu yokhomera ikuphatikiza mitundu itatu yokha ya mbewu, yomwe ndi mtundu umodzi wokha womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachikhalidwe m'chipinda - Latania Loddiguez (Latania loddigesii) Mwachilengedwe, imakula mpaka 10 m, ndikupanga mitengo yamphamvu yamkati, yopyapyala, komanso zophuka zokongola kwambiri zotsalira pambuyo poti agwera. Pazikhalidwe zamkati, kukoka sikumapanga thunthu, ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala kokwanira kupitirira 2-3 m, ngakhale kukoka kumakhalabe kanjedza kamtunda kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma kumbali ina, kulumikizana sikumasunga mawonekedwe abwino achibale - kutulutsa mapepala ochepa pachaka, ndipo nthawi zina pepala limodzi. Masamba owoneka ngati fan omwe amaphatikizidwa mumuluwu wachomera ichi ndi velvet, yapamwamba, yoyandikana palimodzi mozungulira. Mosiyana ndi mitengo ina ya kanjedza yowoneka ngati fan, masamba ake ali ngati nthenga za peacock, ochulukirapo. Utoto wamasamba amtunduwu nthawi zonse umakhala wobiriwira, amtunduwu ndiwosalala, monga lamulo, amapaka utoto wofiirira. Pozungulira, ndi owoneka bwino komanso olimba kwambiri, amafunikira kusamaliridwa mosamala: milongoyi m'mphepete mwake imakhala yosaoneka, koma imatha kuvulaza kwambiri. Ma plates a masamba samatulutsa masamba okha. Tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta masamba, monga lamulo, timawongoka bwino komanso pafupifupi zipatso. Dongosolo lamasamba silimafikira 1.5 m, lodziwika bwino ngati mitengo yamkati, koma pazipatso zakale zamkati limatha kuyandikira 1 mita.Zosatheka kuwona kutulutsa kwamaluwa ngakhale m'malo otentha, komanso osati m'chipinda chokha. Zomera zimangokhala ngati zachilengedwe, ndipo zimapanga zipatso zokongola modabwitsa zamaluwa otsekemera, m'malo mwake pomwe chipatso chimamangidwa ndi zipatso zakuda, buluu.
Mitundu ina iwiri - Kukutenga kwa Lantaroid (Latania lontaroides) ndi Lathania Verhaffelta (Latania verschaffeltii- - amatengedwa kuti ndi zikhalidwe zomwe sizingafanane bwino ndi chipinda komanso zomwe sizachilendo mkati, ngakhale kunja kwake kulibe kanthu chifukwa cholembedwa ndi Loddigez. Chofunikira kwambiri pamitundu iwiriyi yolumikizira ndi malo ocheperako pang'ono komanso mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mtundu wa masamba. Poika Loddigez, masamba amakhala ndi amtambo wonyezimira kwambiri, pomwe akunyamula Lantaroid masamba amakhala ofiira, ndipo masamba a Vershaffelt amawonekera ndi masamba ake achikasu ndi mitsempha.
Latania Loddigesa (Latania loddigesii). © tharea Kusamalira Panyumba
Sizodabwitsa kuti mawonekedwe okongola a kanjedza a kanjedza amatchedwa m'modzi mwa oimira bwino kwambiri pabanja la kanjedza. Chomerachi sichili chovuta kukula, koma chovuta kwambiri. Latania imangomva bwino pokhapokha malo otentha omwe amakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri ndi kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, chinyezi chokhazikika sichofunikira osati kokha mwa mawonekedwe a mpweya wamkati, komanso pafupipafupi madzi othirira. Kufunika kokwanira kuchita njira zowonjezerapo ndikuwunika momwe mbewuyo imayang'anira, kuyang'anira momwe ikukula, komanso kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa kanjedza mosamala kwambiri pozisintha, kumapangitsa kuthyola mtengo wa mgwalangwa, womwe kulimidwa kwake kungakhale kotheka kwa alimi odziwa zambiri. Muyenera kugula mbewuzi pazaka 1 mpaka 2, popeza mbewu zambiri zachikulire sizitha kuzolowera zatsopano.
Kuunikira
Monga mbewu zambiri za ku Africa, kutulutsa ndi chomera chachikulu. Ngakhale kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji kumatha kusiya matenthedwe pamasamba, chidwi choterechi chimadziwika ngati chomera mpaka masana, ndipo kuwala kwadzuwa kwa maola awiri mpaka atatu kwa mtengo wa kanjedza ndizovomerezeka. Malo abwino okongola kwambiri awa ndi malo omwe amafanana ndi mawonekedwe akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwawindo.
Kutalika kwa nyengo ya mbewuyi kumayamba mosaganizira, chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa kwa kuunikira ndi chinyezi chochepa cha mpweya. Ngati kuwotchera kungathenso kukhala malo okhazikika ngakhale nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira m'malo obisalamo amatha kupitiliza masamba owoneka bwino. Kunena zowona, nyengo yozizira yokhazikika imasunga mbewu mu gawo la changu chaka chonse.
Mukamasankha malo oti adzaikidwe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti masamba akuluakulu a mbewu iyi amapanga korona woboola kwambiri. Kwa mtengo wa kanjedza uwu, ndikofunikira kupereka malo aulere, ndizoyenera zipinda zazikulu zokha ndi dera lalikulu. Kufunika kwa malo okwanira kuti azikoka kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuti popanda kuwongolera mpweya wabwinobwino, ngakhale mwayi wopeza mpweya wabwino, mtengo wa kanjedza umadwaladwala. Zomera sizitha kuyikidwa mwachindunji pamakoma, makamaka kuti ma shiti apumule pamalo aliwonse, komanso kukhazikitsidwa pafupi ndi zida zamagetsi kapena zowonjezera mpweya.
Kutentha kosangalatsa
Latania ndi ya mitengo ya kanjedza yokonda kutentha ndipo safuna kuzizira nthawi yozizira. Mu nthawi ya masika kapena chilimwe imatha kupirira nthawi zotentha, nthawi yozizira imayenera kuchepetsa kutentha, komabe zongotsitsa "chipinda" chokha. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kugweranso pansi pa digrii 18, koma nthawi yomweyo kuyenera kutsitsidwa poyerekeza ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito.
Pakatikati pa chilimwe ndi chilimwe, mtengo wa kanjedza uwu, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa 20 digiri Celsius. Latania imalekerera kutentha bwino, koma pakukonza ndikofunikira kupewa kutentha kulikonse mwadzidzidzi, kusintha kwa zinthu ngakhale madigiri 5.
Latania silivomereza kulembera kuzizira ndipo nthawi yozizira imayenera kutetezedwa mwanjira iliyonse pakapumira mpweya. Koma nthawi imodzimodzi, mpweya wabwino ndiofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa popanda mwayi wopeza mpweya wabwino, masamba amavutika ndi kuyanika kwapang'onopang'ono. Ngakhale kuti sanakonde zojambulajambula, kanjedza ili mchilimwe limatha kusunthidwa pansi pa thambo, m'munda, kupita ku tunda kapena khonde. Chachikulu ndikupeza malo abwino otetezedwa ndikuwunika pang'ono pang'ono.
Latania lantaroid (Latania lontaroides). © B.navezKuthirira ndi chinyezi
Latania imafunikira kuthirira mokwanira panthawi yogwira ntchito, makamaka ngati chomera chimatulutsa masamba achichepere. Nthawi zambiri, kuthirira kumachitika mukangomaliza gawo loyambirira la gawo lapansi m'miyeso. Makulidwe azomwe zimachitika pakadali pano ndi pafupifupi 3 kuthirira pa sabata kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira. Palm siyiyankha bwino pakuuma kwathunthu kwa dothi louma, komanso pakukweza kwake. M'nyengo yozizira, chinyezi chimachepetsedwa, kulola gawo lapansi kuti liume pang'ono komanso pakati.
Matiwuni amathiriridwa ndi madzi okhazikika, kutentha kwake komwe kumakweza pang'ono kuposa mpweya m'chipindacho ndi chomera. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, kuthirira firiji yochepa ndi osafunika. Kuthirira ndi madzi ofunda kumakwaniritsa kufunika kosunthira m'nthaka yofunda komanso yonyowa nthawi zonse.
Ngati ngalande yamphamvu yokwanira yakhomera mbewu, ndiye kuti mutha kuyesanso kubwereza komwe nyumba zobiriwira momwe amazikulira zimayalidwa ndikuyika potoyo ndi chidebe chachikulu mumadzi, pomwe mbewuyo "imakoka" chinyezi chofunikira. Mtengo wa mgwalangwayu umakonda miphika yothirira moto.
Latania ikhoza kukhala pakati pa mitengo yazipatso yomwe imafunidwa kwambiri chinyezi. Ngati mukufuna kuchita bwino kukula ndi kusataya masamba ochulukirapo kuposa momwe chomera chimatha kupanga, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamalira kuti mupange malo otentha kwambiri. Mitengo yochepetsetsa ya mtengo wa kanjedza iyi ndi 60%. Chinyezi kwambiri chimakhudza kuthamanga kwa masamba ndi kukongola kwa masamba.
Njira yodziwika yowonjezera chinyezi cha patching ndiyo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. M'chilimwe, ndikofunikira kuchita njirayi pafupifupi 2 pa tsiku. Njira zina zochitira manyazi mpweya wa mtengo wa mgwalangwawu siziwathandiza. Makamaka, kulumikizana kumakonda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ngakhale kukhazikitsa zida zanyontho. Pochita njirayi, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti madzi omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa samayima kokha, komanso otentha.
Kuphatikiza pa njira zenizeni zokulitsira chinyezi, kukoka sikungakane kukoka masamba pafupipafupi. Silimangokhala ntchito ya muyezo polimbana ndi kufalikira ndi fumbi komanso ziwopsezo, komanso limagwira ntchito yofunika kupewa kupewa tizirombo. Ngati kanjedza ndi yaying'ono, ndiye m'malo mongokoka masamba, mutha kumiza kumadzi moboola m'madzi.
Kudyetsa kwamtundu
Pazigawo za velvet, njira yodabwitsidwira ku regimen yofunikira ndiyofunikira. Feteleza za chomera ichi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chonse, komabe, panthawi yopumula, kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kukhala kochepa kwambiri. Koma munthawi yogwira ntchito, kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kukhala kotakataka, komanso pafupipafupi nthawi 1 m'masiku 10-14. Latanias amalambira feteleza wachilengedwe, ngakhale zosakaniza mwanjira zina ndizoyenera. Kuchokera pazophatikiza zama mineral-organic ndikwabwino kusankha feteleza wapadera wa mitengo ya kanjedza.
Mtengo wa kanjedza Latania (Latania). © Claus WillichKudulira
Masamba a kanjedza amatha pang'onopang'ono, kuwuma, kusowa kudulira. Koma mutadula tsamba losasamba lisanakhalepo, mudzayamba kugwetsa mopitilira, masamba a kanjedza adzauma. Kudula kwa chigamba chomata kumatheka pokhapokha tsamba lonse litakhala louma ndikusiya tsamba lowuma lokhalokha la 3-4 mm.
Thirani ndi gawo lapansi
Patching, ndikofunikira kusankha zosakaniza zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zopatsa thanzi padziko lapansi. Moyenera pazomera izi, magawo ogulidwa apadera a mitengo ya kanjedza ndioyenera, koma mutha kupanga dothi lanulo. Poikoka, gawo lapansi nthawi zambiri limakonzedwa chifukwa cha dothi ndi mchenga, koma kusakaniza kwa dothi komwe kumakhala kofanana ndi pepalalo ndi dothi komanso theka la mchenga kumakhala koyenera kwambiri. Gawo laling'ono liyenera kukhala ndi acidic kapena kusachita nawo pang'ono (mfundo zovomerezeka za pH kuyambira 5.0 mpaka 7.0).
Njira yolumikizira imakhala yovuta osati kokha chifukwa cha kukula kwa mbewu, mawonekedwe amafalikira a masamba kapena prickly petioles, koma chifukwa choopa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwamakina ndi rhizome volizous and rhizome. Chomerachi chimadzaikidwa ngati pakufunika, pokhapokha mizu itamwa bwino gawo lapansi lomwe lilipo. Kubzala pachaka mtsogolo kudzafunikira pokhapokha patali, mbewu zachikale zimasungidwa nthawi zambiri, pafupipafupi kwa zaka ziwiri mpaka zisanu. Nthawi yoyenera yosinthira kasupe, ngakhale mutha kuchita njirayi nthawi iliyonse pachaka, kupatula nyengo yachisanu.
Panthawi ya ndondomekoyi, ndikofunikira kuti muyike gawo lalitali pansi pa chidebe. Mizu yaulere iyi, yomwe imatuluka mumabowo ndipo mulibe dothi, imayikiridwa pansi pazipeto, koma palibe ntchito yomwe imagwiritsidwa mozungulira dothi lalikulu, samachotsa dothi laulere, kuyesera kuchotsa mosanjikiza pamwamba pokhapokha pazoyala. Mlingo wolowetsa ma patch ukayenera kusungidwa chimodzimodzi ndi poto wam'mbuyomu. Kuzama kwa khosi lomwe limazungulira pakubwezeretsa kumatha kubweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu cha kufa kwa kanjedza. Mukangodzala, kutsetsereka kumachitika ndikuthirira kwambiri, ndipo njirazi zimayambiridwanso pokhapokha mbewu zitazolowera zinthu zatsopano. Chimfine kwa masabata awiri mutabadwa ndikuyenera kuyikika pamalo opangika kuti azithandizira kuti azizolowera komanso kuti azipopera zinthu zambiri.
Pofuna kupatsa mbewuyo malo ochulukirapo komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mitengoyi, miphika iyenera kukulirakulira kuposa mitengo yonse ya kanjedza, osachepera 7-10 cm. Mawonekedwe a chidebe chake azikhala achikale, kutalika kwake kupitilira mainchesi.
Mbewu za kanjedza Latania Loddighez.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta latania
Latania sikuti ndi kanjedza kamene kamayambitsa matenda. Ngati pali kuphwanya kwa chisamaliro ndikusochera kuchoka pamikhalidwe yomwe ikukula, ma mebubu, nthata za akangaude, ndi tizilombo tambiri timakhazikika pamalowo. Ndi madzi osasunthika a gawo lapansi, chomeracho chikuwopsezedwa ndikuvunda kwa mizu, ndipo chitha kuphatikizidwa kokha ndikuwumitsa kaye dothi (chodulira chamwadzidzidzi cha mtengo wa mgwalangwawu sichili chovomerezeka ndipo nthawi zonse chimatsogolera pakufa kwa mbewu). Tizilombo timayendetsedwa bwino ndi tizirombo.
Mavuto wamba pakukula latania:
- kuwoneka kwa mawanga pam masamba owuma, kutentha kwa malo, kusanja kapena kuthirira kosakwanira;
- kuyanika kwa msipu, kuyanika masamba angapo limodzi ndi linzake ndikudulira masamba owuma;
- maonekedwe a nsonga zofiirira pamasamba okhala ndi mpweya wouma kapena kutsika kwamadzi kwa gawo lapansi.
Kubwezeretsa zigamba
Chingwechi chitha kungofesedwa ndi mbewu, ngakhale ndizovuta kupeza. Nthawi zina mitengo ina ya kanjedza imagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la latania, ndipo kuti mugule mbewu ya kanjedza, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa dzina la Chilatini chomera. Pulitsani mbeu za kanjedza kameneka m'mipanda yopanda michere.Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri amayenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kosachepera 25 digiri (kutentha kwakukulu kutentha pafupifupi kutentha kwa 28-30), pansi pa kanema komanso mpweya wabwino tsiku lililonse. Nthawi zina, nyemba zimamera pakatha masiku 60.
Njira zofalitsira zamasamba a kanjedza iyi ndizosavomerezeka.
