Mtengo wabwino komanso wotchukaawu ungakonde kukhala ndi olima dimba ambiri pazinthu zawo. Vuto ndilakuti si aliyense amene angadziwe kulima mtedza kuti athe kukolola kwa zaka zambiri. Ngati mumvetsetsa zomwe zimachitika munjira imeneyi, zikuwonekeratu kuti iyi si ntchito yosatheka.
Njira zazikulu za kubereka
Walnut ndi chomera chosazirala, choteteza kuzizira chomwe chimakula bwino mu nyengo yofunda komanso nyengo yofatsa. Mtengowo umatha kudzikonzanso, chifukwa chake, mmalo mwa mphukira zomwe zinafa mu nyengo yozizira, zatsopano zimakonda kukula.
Kuti mudziwe momwe mungabzalire mtedza, muyenera kudziwa njira zazikulu zomwe zimathandizira. Mutha kufalitsa chikhalidwe ichi:
- mbewu;
- mbande;
- njira yamasamba.
Mukabzala mmera, ndizovuta kudziwa zamtsogolo zomwe zidzabwere m'tsogolo, komanso ngati zidzalandiridwa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukula kuchokera ku mbewu, pomwe pafupifupi 80% ya zilembo zamtunduwu ndizotsimikizika kuti zimasulidwa. Muyenera kusankha mtedza kuti mubzale pamitengo yomwe imakula m'dera lanu.
Ngati mbewu ya mayi yasankhidwa bwino, kukulira mtedza m'njira yamasamba kumathandizanso kudziwika bwino wa ana obwera ndi mtengo wa mayi. Njira yothandiza kubereka kotereyi imadziwika kuti ikukula patchire.
Kukula walnuts kwa mbewu
Kubzala walnuts ndi njere kumadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwanjira zosavuta kwambiri zolerera. Ndikotheka kuchita njirayi osati mchaka chokha, komanso m'dzinja.
Zipatso zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ziyenera kukhala zazikulu komanso zakupsa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira komanso wonyezimira pang'ono wachikasu komanso chipolopolo cholimba.
Mtedza wofunika kubzala umakololedwa bwino kwambiri kumapeto kwa mtengowo, pomwe mtengowo umabala bwino zipatso ndikutaya zipatso zake zokha. Chizindikiro chodalirika cha mtedza wakupsa ndi kusweka kwa pericarp kapena masamba ake kuchokera ku chipolopolo.
Kodi kubzala mtedza kwa mbewu? Choyambirira, ndikofunikira kuti zilowerere nyemba zosankhidwa m'madzi ofunda kwa masiku awiri, zitatha, zimasanjidwa kwa miyezi iwiri. Kuti tichite izi, zimayikidwa mu dothi lonyowa kapena mchenga wokhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 2-5. Pamapeto pa nthawi yopatulira, mbewu zimabweretsedwa m'chipinda chofunda momwe zimamera. Pazifukwa izi, zimayikidwa muzopanda zodzadza ndi mchenga wamchenga kapena wonyowa, ndikusungidwa ndi kutentha kwa madigiri a 5-7.
Zowunikira zikuwonetsa kuti mbewu zoyesedwa za pericarp zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kumera bwino kwambiri.
Kubzala kwa Autumn kumachitika kumapeto kwa Okutobala, ngati nyengo ilola, - mbewu zimayikidwa poyera. Zochita zikuwonetsa kuti podzala yophukira, mbande zothandiza zitha kupezekanso. Kubzala kwa walnut kumapeto kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa Meyi.
Mbewu zadzalidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti zikukula, ziyenera kuganiziridweratu. Derali liyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo komanso kuyatsidwa bwino. Kuzama kwa kuyika kwa mbeu ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20, ndikuwakhomera mu dzenje ndi msoko.
Kubzala Mbande za Walnut
Kulima mtengo wogwira mothandizidwa ndi mbande kumatheka chifukwa chotsatira luso lililonse laukadaulo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti mtedza ukule bwino, kupezeka kwa zinthu zotere kudzafunikira:
- nthaka yabwino;
- kuyatsa kokwanira;
- kuchuluka kwa chinyezi;
- ofunda.
Nthawi zambiri dzenje lobzala limakhala ndi masentimita 70x70, koma ngati izi sizikwanira muzu, zimachulukitsidwa kotero kuti mizu ya mtengo wamtsogolo ikhoza kukhala yolunjika. Magawo ofanana, dzenjelo limadzaza dziko lapansi ndi humus.
Podzala, mbande zokhala ndi thunthu lokwanira 1 cm zimasankhidwa, kutalika kwake kulibe kanthu.
Momwe mungabzalire mtedza bwino? M'mbuyomu, mizu yawo imalimbikitsidwa kuti ichiritsidwe ndi zopatsa mphamvu. Kenako mizu imawongoledwa, ndikuikidwa mu dzenje ndikuphimbidwa ndi lapansi, pomwe imapangidwa mopepuka.
Khosi la mmera nthawi yobzala liyenera kuyikidwa pa dothi.
Pambuyo pa njirayi, mitengo yamtsogolo imathiriridwa ndi madzi, pomwe mmera uliwonse, zidebe zitatu za madzi zimafunikira. Zigawo za thunthu zimayikiridwa ndi masamba kapena utuchi.
Njira yofalitsira masamba
Kufalikira kwa odulidwa kumavomerezedwanso ndi wamaluwa ambiri. Njira yamasamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zilipo kale.
Zodulidwa zofunikira kumata kuti ndizomata zimadulidwa ku mphukira za chaka chino, zomwe zili kum'mwera kwa thunthu pamtunda wa osachepera mamita 5. Asanadule, mtengowo umafunikira kuthiriridwa bwino ndikuthira pansi pake.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuthwa, mabala angapo akuthwa amapangidwa mozungulira chigwacho, kenako amachichotsa palimodzi ndi chishango cha 3x2 cm, pakati pake pakhale chopindika.
Kuti tisunge chinyezi, malo omwe adzalandire katemera akuyenera kuwakutidwa ndi filimu. Pakatha milungu iwiri, chishango chokhala ndi impso chimangodulira makungwa a mtengo watsopano ndipo chimakhazikika ndi tepi yamagetsi. Amachichotsa pakatha milungu itatu, pomwe nthawi pomwe chonyowa ndi chitsa chimatha kukula limodzi.
Kulima ndi chisamaliro
M'madera osiyanasiyana a nyengo zosiyanasiyana, mbande zoyenerera zimasankhidwa zomwe zimakhala ndi zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa walnuts m'matawuni kumafunikira mitundu monga Sadko, Ideal, Moscow, yomwe imatha kulekerera kutentha pang'ono osafunikira pogona nyengo yachisanu.
Ngakhale alimi ena achi Belarusi amawona kulima walnuts pamtunda wa dziko lino ngati ntchito yopanda phindu, othandizira awo akubzala bwino mitundu pano monga:
- kukumbukira Minov;
- Samokhvalovichsky;
- Pinsky.
Kulima bwino kwa mtedza ku Belarus kumakhazikitsidwa pakusankha koyenera kwa mitundu yoyenera yomwe ingathe kulolera nyengo. Izi zikuonetsa kuti mtengowo ukhoza kumera pafupifupi panthaka iliyonse, koma uyenera kukhala wopasuka, wothiridwa komanso chonde.
Mulimonse mmera wobzalidwa, umamera pang'onopang'ono. Kukula walnuts kumafuna chisamaliro ndi chipiriro. Mtengowu umafunikira kudyetsedwa kosalekeza, kudulira nthambi, ndipo kutentha kwambiri kumafunika kuthirira kwambiri.
