Fern Asplenium Home Care Kukula kuchokera ku Spores

Asplenium ndi mtundu wosazungulira, wokongoletsa wamtundu wa fern wamunda m'munda. Kuthengo, imapezeka pafupifupi m'malo onse amtunda komanso nyengo. Chifukwa chake, mitundu 11 ya fern iyi imamera ku Russia. Kutengera ndi nyengo yakutali, mawonekedwe amitundu ya asplenium adzasiyana. M'malo otentha, izi ndizomera zazikulu zokhala ndi masamba athunthu kapena owerengeka a cirrus, ofanana ndi akasupe obiriwira. M'malo otentha, kutalika kwa mbewu kumakhala kocheperako, masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe kapena nthenga, ma rhizomes ndi okwawa kapena ofupika.

Ngati mukufuna kukulitsa thumba m'munda mwanu dothi lotseguka, muyenera kusankha mitundu yomwe imamera m'malo otentha. Amamera pamiyala, m'mapiri a m'mapiri, amasinthika bwino ndi mapiri otsetsereka, osunga makhoma, mabedi amiyala, ngati amakula mumthunzi ndikuthirira madzi nthawi zonse. Ponena za mitundu yotentha ya asplenium, imakhala njira yabwino yothetsera ulimi wamkati.

Kufotokozera kwamasamba

Chithunzi cha Fern asplenium kunyumba yosamalira ana

Asplenium (Asplenium) kapena Kostenets ndi mtundu wa fern kuchokera ku banja la Asplenius, womwe umakhala ndi mitundu 500 ya mbewu zosatha za moyo wa epiphytic. Amakhala ndi tizilonda tatifupi tating'ono, tomwe nthawi zina timatha kukhala tokhazikika kapena kutulutsa. Masamba amakhala athunthu, nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa mosamala, osavuta, osapindika. M'munsi mwa tsamba la tsamba pali sporangia m'dera la mafupa opanda mafoloko. Petiole, pomwe tsamba limalumikizidwa ndi rhizome, ndi wandiweyani.

Asplenium imatha kupezeka padziko lonse lapansi, kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa hemispheres. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kotentha, mitundu yozizira, yolimba, yosagonjetseka, yamtundu wamitundu ina ndi mbewu zina zosiyana m'mikhalidwe imasiyana.

Ma splenium otukuka amakhalanso ndi kusiyana kwakunja kwamphamvu. Koma ngati tikulankhula zam'nyanja zamkati, ndiye kuti onse ndi nthumwi zobiriwira zamalo otentha.

Mitundu yotchuka ya asplenium mu floriculture wam'nyumba

Asplenium South Asia Asplenium australasicum

Asplenium South Asia (Asplenium australasicum)

Mtengowo ndi wobadwa ku Polynesia ndi Eastern Australia. Epiphyte ali ndi tsamba lalitali mikono 1.5 ndi mainchesi 20, omwe amapanga kutulutsa kokhotakhota kwa mtundu wopyapyala ngati mawonekedwe. Mpweya wa fupa ndiwotakata kwambiri, mtundu wolunjika. Imakulungidwa mamba ndi zofewa zambiri, komanso mizu yambiri yolimbirana, yomwe imamangiriridwa wina ndi mnzake, imachoka kwa iwo.

Masamba a mtundu wonse kapena odulidwa molakwika, tsamba limasinthanso. Kutalika kwake kwa pepalali kumawonedwa m'chigawo chapakati, pambuyo pake kumagwera pansi mpaka pansi. Zodwala zokhala ndi sporangia ndi zamtundu wofanana. Zili ndi pepala la pepala la pulasitiki kupita kumtsempha wa masamba apakati.

Chisa cha Asplenium (Asplenium nidus)

Asplenium nesting nyumba zomera Asplenium nidus

Mtengowo ndi wobadwa ku malo achinyezi a ku Africa, Polynesia ndi Asia. Kuthengo, imamera ngati epiphyte yomwe imakhala pamitengo ndi zina zomera zazikulu. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi chikanga chachikulu, komanso masamba a xiphoid okhazikika, omwe ali ndi zokutira zachikopa ndi zazikulu zazikulu. Masamba onsewa limodzi amapanga rosette wandiweyani wotuluka muzoza.

Pakati pa masamba pali mtsempha wa utoto wakuda. Chiphuphu chachikulu chokhala ndi masikelo, mizu yoluka ndi masamba chimawoneka ngati chisa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma fossic nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chisa cha mbalame cha fern. Nesting asplenium ndiosavuta kukula ndikufalitsa ngati chomera. Silimakula mumphika, koma limawoneka bwino.

Asplenium scolopendrium (Asplenium scolopendrium)

Asplenium scolopendra Asplenium scolopendrium

Chomera chofanana ndi asplenium ngati katundu. Amatchedwanso tsamba la scolopendra (lat. Phyllitis scolopendrium), ndipo dzina lake lotchuka ndi "lilime la deer". Malo okhala zachilengedwe za fern ndi nkhalango za Germany ndi England, pomwe zimamera kuthengo. Ndipo mitundu yake yosakanizidwa imatha kupezeka m'malo ambiri obiriwira.

Masamba a Fern amakhala ndi lamba, lotambasulira m'mwamba, kenako ndikupinda mu arc pansi pa kulemera kwawo. M'mphepete, tsamba la masamba limakhala lavy, ndipo m'mitundu ina (crispum ndi undulatum) imapindika. Mtunduwu wa asplenium udzakhala yankho labwino pokongoletsa minda yachisanu, nyumba zamaofesi komanso nyumba zogona.

Asplenium bulbiferous (Asplenium bulbiferum)

Asplenium bulbous Asplenium bulbiferum

Fern udzu wokhala ndi udzu, wobadwira ku Australia, New Zealand, India. Kutalika kwa masamba obiri-atatu-atatu a cirrus ndi 30-60 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 20-30 cm. Fernyo imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, malekezero ake masamba amaterera pansi, petioles ndi lolunjika, lakuda, kutalika kwa 30 cm. tsamba lamasamba, lomwe lili pa chilichonse. Pamwamba pa tsamba mungathe kuwona ana, omwe amatumphukira kumbuyo kwa mayi. Aspenium bulbous imalimidwa mwachangu ngati chomera, wowonjezera kutentha, amakonda kukula pamalo otentha.

Asplenium viviparous (Asplenium viviparum)

Asplenium viviparous Asplenium viviparum

Mtengowu, wochokera ku mafupa akulu kwambiri ku Africa kuno ku Madagascar, umapezekanso kuzilumba za Makaren. Imakula pansi, ndikupanga rosette ya zaka zingapo. Masamba amapezeka pa petioles lalifupi, osati lathunthu, koma pawiri-nthawi zina (nthawi zina gawoli limalowa m'malo ochulukirapo). Kutalika kwa masamba ndi 40-60 cm, m'lifupi ndi 15-20 cm, iwo amapindika ndi arc.

Ponena za zigawozo, zimakhala ndi mulifupi pang'ono, mpaka 1 mm, ndi kutalika kwa 1 cm. M'mphepete mwa masamba ang'ono awa pali matsenga okhala ndi sporangia. Pamwamba pa masamba achimaso, masamba ophukira omwe adayamwa amatha kuwoneka. Zikagwa pansi, njira yodzula mizu imayamba.

Momwe mungasamalire asplenium yachipinda: mawonekedwe, maupangiri, mayeso

Fern asplenium viviparous chisamaliro chakunyumba

Malangizo otsatirawa okhulisa mafupa ndi awa:

1. Mitundu yotentha: Fern Asplenium salephera kulima pamalo ozizira kwambiri. Kutentha kokwanira kudzakhala 20-25 ° C, ndipo nthawi yozizira - 18 ° C. Zojambula ziyenera kupewedwa, chifukwa zimapha kwambiri mafupa.
2. Kuwala: Asplenium imakonda zipinda zowala, koma kuwala kowala kwambiri kwamphamvu kumayambitsa chomera. Chifukwa chake, akakula pazenera lakumwera, amadzazidwa, koma samayikiratu feriyo pamalo amdima, chifukwa sipadzakhala bwino pamenepo.
3. Kuthirira: Thirani mbewuyo nthawi yayikulu mukukula - kumapeto kwa chilimwe, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Koma nthawi yozizira, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepetsedwa. Kusintha kwina sikungakhale kuthirira kwachikale, koma kukakamira miphika yomwe ili ndi mabowo amadzimadzi (otchedwa akuwuka). Madzi a asplenium sioyenera aliyense. Sipayenera kukhala ndi chlorine, madzi ovuta amakhala akupha. Chifukwa chake, imatetezedwa kwa tsiku limodzi.
4. Mavalidwe apamwamba: Feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati manyowa pakadutsa milungu inayi iliyonse pakukula. Pofuna kuti asatenthe fupa, mulingo woyenera umadulidwa. Zomera za ficuses kapena ma philodendrons zidzakhala zabwino.
5. Mphepo yamkati: Asplenium ndi chomera cham'malo otentha, chifukwa chake, chimakonda kumera pamalo achinyezi (chinyezi chimayenera kukhala osachepera 60%), apo ayi masamba adzauma. Chifukwa chake, mutha kupanga pallet yayikulu ndi miyala kapena miyala yofukulidwa, pomwe fupa lidzayima. Ma Vapage oterewa amatha kunyowetsa mpweya pafupi ndi puloteni. Ngati pali batire pansi pazenera, thaulo lonyowa liyikidwa pamenepo.
6. Thirani: Asplenium ikulimbikitsidwa kuti izikagulidwa chaka chilichonse, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera mphamvu. Kuchuluka kwakuthwa mumtsuko sikuli ngati mbewu iyi. Dothi limasankhidwa lotayirira, pang'ono acidic. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe abwino amakhala osakanizika ndi pepala, peat ndi humus land, komanso mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 2: 4: 1: 2, motsatana.
7. Kuswana: Chomera sichimasiyanasiyana motere kuchokera ku ferns zina. Zatsopano zimatha kupezeka ndi kufalitsa kwa spore kapena kugawa chitsamba.

Kukula fern asplenium kunyumba

Zomera za Asplenium Indoor

Asplenium amakonda kukula m'malo oyatsa. Ngati kuwala kwadzuwa kambiri, masamba amasintha mtundu wake kukhala wodera ndikugwa. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kukula fern pazenera zakumpoto kapena zakummawa.

Kutentha kwambiri kwa nkhosazo ndi 22 ° C, ndipo ngati chinyezi chikutsitsidwa, ndiye kuti kutentha pamwamba pa 25 ° C kudzakhala kodetsa thupi kwa asplenium. Fernint nyengo pa 15-20 ° C, ndipo ngati kutentha kumatsika kwambiri, mbewuyo imatha kufa. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito pakukula m'malo okhala ndi zokonzekera pafupipafupi, m'malo amfumbi komanso ozizira.

M'chilimwe, kuthirira asplenium kumachitika nthawi zambiri, kotero kuti gawo lapansi mumphika limakhala lonyowa pang'ono. Kuthothoka kwamadzi kapena kusowa chinyontho mu chidebe kumabweretsa chomera. Ndikofunika kuthirira fupa ndi njira yovundira mpaka nthaka itayala pamwamba pamadzi. Kenako chidebe chomwe chili ndi asplenium chimachotsedwa m'madzi, ndikuloledwa kukhetsa, kenako mbewuyo nkubwezera pawindo. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumatsitsidwa, popeza kutentha ndi chinyezi ndizochepa.

Kupangitsa kuti malo okhala ndi asplenium m'chipindacho azioneka ngati akukhala m'malo otentha, amapopera madzi nthawi zonse

Masamba omwe auma amazidulira nthawi yomweyo. Ngati mupopera mbewu pachaka, masamba atsopano amakula msanga. Pokulirapo chinyezi, pangani chiwiya chokulirapo pang'ono ndi chonyowa, momwe amachiyikidwa ndi prolenium, kapena kukhazikitsa pa pallet ndi miyala, momwe mumapezeka madzi. M'nyengo yozizira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikutha. Chitani tsiku lililonse pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda. Koma ndi kuzizira kwamphamvu mchipindamo, kuchuluka kwa kupopera kumacheperachepera, apo ayi nkhungu idzawoneka.

M'chilimwe, mwezi uliwonse, feteleza ndi organic kapena mchere wamafuta feteleza amachitika mu theka la mlingo woyenera.

Kudulira masamba akale komanso owonongeka bwino, kudulira kumachitika. Mwachitsanzo, pomwe msipu wa fern umawuma pazifukwa zina, iwo umadulidwa, ndipo gawo lamoyo la fupa limathiriridwa mokwanira ndikuwazidwa kawiri pa tsiku. Izi zikuthandizani kudikirira amadyera atsopano posachedwa. Chifukwa chopopera pafupipafupi, fern imakhala yowoneka bwino komanso yofewa. Ndipo simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse kuwalitsa masamba.

Dothi la asplenium

Zomera zaku Aspenium zimaphatikizidwa mu kasupe, pomwe mphika wakale umakhala wocheperako kuti ukhale fern wokula. Ngati mwala wofupika udalidwa, gawo laling'ono la peat, mchenga, tsamba, humus ndi dothi la peat limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza 2: 1: 2: 2: 2. Ngati mbeu za achikulire zibzulidwa, ndiye kuti gawo lake ndi motere: turf, peat, tsamba, humus nthaka ndi mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 2: 3: 3: 1: 1. Kubweretsa gawo lapansi m'malo achilengedwe ochulukirachulukira, ma cell a makala, shards, zotupa za sphagnum moss zimawonjezedwanso kwa icho.

Pakusintha fupa, ziwalo zake zonse zimachotsedwa, ndipo amoyo amayesetsa kuti asawonongeke, popeza mbewuyo sikukula mwachangu. Nthaka sayenera kupunthwa, monga fern imakonda gawo lapansi lotayirira. Mbewuyo ikangodzalidwa, imathiriridwa ndi madzi ambiri, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika. Asplenium amakonda kukula m'miphika yayikulu.

Kubwezeretsa kwa Asplenia

Asplenium kubereka ndi njira yobereka (spores), masamba a ana ndi kugawikana kwa mpweya.

Kugawanitsa zopangidwa muzomera zomwe zimasulidwa mchaka. Kuti muchite izi, tengani thupi ndikulekanitsa ndi manja anu, kutengera kuchuluka kwa kukula. Simungathe kugawanitsa chitsamba ngati malo okula ali ochepa kwambiri, apo ayi onse a Delenki adzafa. Pambuyo pakugawanika, ma Kostenets kwa nthawi yayitali samatulutsa masamba atsopano, omwe amayeneranso kukumbukiridwa.

Momwe mungagawanitsire asplenium

Viviparous aspleniums pamitsempha ali ndi ma tubercles otchedwa ma meristematic tubercles, omwe anaphukira ana. Amapereka moyo kwa mwana wamkazi wa ferns, yemwe wapulula masamba pa petioles lalifupi. Kenako njirazi zimasiyanitsidwa palokha kapena mwakapangidwe, kenako zibzalidwe payokha.

Njira yovuta kwambiri ndikufalitsa kwa asplenium ndi spores yomwe ili pansi pa tsamba

Kulima kwa aspenium fern ndi zithunzi za spores

Njira imeneyi imakhudzidwa ndi masika. Konzekerani nazale, yomwe yatenthedwa kuchokera pansi, kupereka kutentha kwa 22 ° C.

• Pezani tsamba la fern, pomwe mumakhala mikangano yambiri. Amachotsedwa pamalowo, amaikidwa papepala.
• Nazale imakutidwa ndi dongo lokwanira, kenako ndi osakaniza ndi dothi kuti kumere. Ndiwothira bwino, kenako spores imagawananso pamwamba. Galasi imayikidwa pamwamba pa nazale, pambuyo pake kumera kumachitika mumdima, koma ndikutentha.
• Kamodzi patsiku, galasi limachotsedwa kwakanthawi kuti liziwongolera. Tiyenera kusamala kuti dziko lapansi lisakhale louma konse.
• Zikamera mumdima, mbande zoyambirira zimawonekera kwa milungu 4 mpaka 12, kenako zimayika mafupawo ndikuwachotsa galasi.
• Zikamera zikangokulira, zimadulidwa, ndikuchotsa mbande zonse, kupatula zokulirapo, nthawi yomwe izikhala yosachepera 2,5 cm.
• Mbewu zazing'ono zikakhala zazikulu, zimasinthidwa mumiphika yokhala ndi dothi labwino komanso peat.

Matenda a Asplenium ndi Tizilombo

Indoor Flower Asplenium

Nthawi zambiri, fupa limawonetsedwa ndi bacteriosis ya masamba, imvi zowola. Matendawa amachititsa kuti amadyera aume. Kuti mupewe izi, muchepetse kuthirira. Ngati mawanga ndi ochokera ku fungal, makamaka, chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa kwa taffin ndi phyllostic, asplenium imathandizidwa ndi fungicides, yomwe imaphatikizapo cineb ndi maneb. Koma nthawi zina masamba amawuma chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wopambanitsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yovulaza mafupa, mwachitsanzo, zamchere kwambiri.

Mawonekedwe a bulauni pamasamba amawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa fern ndi nematode. Ngati ndi choncho, amachotsa chamoyo chobiriwiracho, chifukwa pafupifupi chimatha kugonjetsa tiziromboti. Ngati masamba awonongeka m'mphepete, muyenera kuthana ndi mavuto a chisamaliro. Ndipo izi zitha kukhala chinyezi chochepa, kuthirira kosayenera ndi zifukwa zina.