Nchai yokoma (udindo) - chomera osatha, chimakula pafupifupi m'mikhalidwe iri yonse, chosasamala mu chisamaliro. P maluwa, nandolo limakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri ndipo limakhudza mithunzi yosiyanasiyana. Zomera zimatulutsa kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo zimakondwera ndi kukongola kwake mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (kuyambira Juni mpaka Novembala).
Nthenga zokoma: Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Nandolo zokoma zimakongoletsedwa ndi zipilala, mipanda, makonde, komwe mbewu imapatsa kukongola kwapadera ndi kuphatikizika. Potere, duwa silifunikira malo alionse apadera kuti abzalidwe ndikukula.
Nandolo zabwino - chomera cholimbana ndi kuzizirawokhoza kusamutsa chisanu ku -5 ° Celsius.
Ngakhale kuti obereketsa, kuphatikiza nandandaya osabereka, afotokozera mitundu yambiri ya anthu osinthika, wamaluwa akadakonda woyamba. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi:
- palibe kubzala chaka ndi chaka ndikufunika kwa mbewu;
- duwa lidzakondweretsa diso kwa zaka zingapo popanda kufunikira kofananira.
Chofunikira pano ndikupanga kubzala mbewu moyenera mchaka choyamba.
Mitundu ya Maluwa a Pea Yosangalatsa
Pali mitundu ndi mitundu ya mitundu, mitengo yomwe imakongoletsa minda ya Eurasia, gombe la Mediterranean, mapiri a ku Africa ndi South America. Odziwika kwambiri ndi Mitundu yotsatira ya nandolo wokoma:
masanjidwe akulu;- kuchuluka kununkhira;
- kuchuluka kwa nkhalango;
- masent nomad;
- gulu la tubal
- gulu la Gmelin.
masanjidwe akulu;Kukula nandolo zabwino za njere
Zipangizo zokulira nandolo zabwino za nyemba ziyenera kukonzedwa kumayambiriro kwamasika (Marichi-Epulo). Musanadzafese mbewuyi muyenera kunyowa ndi yankho la mankhwala "Bud" (1-2gr / 1l.), Pomwe madzi azikhala ndi kutentha kwa + 50 ° C.
Mbewu zopota ziyenera kuchotsedwa popeza sizoyenera kubzala. Zina ziyenera kuyikidwa m'malo otentha kuti kumere. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito nsalu ndi mchenga waiwisi, womwe umayenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse m'malo onyowa.
Kuti mulime mbande zotsekemera, ndibwino kugula dothi la maluwa "Senpolia" kapena "Rose". Koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi losakaniza. Kuthira dothi, ayenera choyamba kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la manganese.
Patulani nthangala zamphukira mchidebe kapena chidebe china. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapoto, mapepala kapena makapu apulasitiki, ndi zina zambiri.
Malo ogulitsira apadera tsopano amapereka mitundu yambiri ya miphika, muli ndi mapikidwe a maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu, kuti mutha kusankha mosavuta mbewuyo, kutengera mtundu ndi mtundu wake.
Kuzama kwa kutsitsidwa - 2-3 cm. Chomera chimayenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, komanso kumamupatsa kutentha ndi kuwala kokwanira.
Pambuyo pa masiku 10 mpaka 14, kumera kwa nandolo wokoma kumayamba. Masamba atatu owona atawonekera, muyenera kutsina pamwamba. Izi zikuthandizira kukula kwamphukira. Kuonetsetsa kuti nyemba zamera mwachangu pamtunda wotsika, ndikofunikira kuphimba chidebe ndi chidutswa cha galasi kapena filimu. Kutsirira kumachitika kamodzi masiku 7.
Zofunika! Mbande zimabzalidwa pansi zikafika pamtunda wa masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Kotero kuti nandolo wokoma uzika mizu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitha kumera mbewuyo limodzi ndi chotumphukira chomwe chiripo. Pewani oxidation wa dothi, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kuzola kwa mizu.
Chisamaliro cha Pea
Nandolo zachikale, malinga ndi malamulo owasamalira mchaka choyamba mutabzala, zimakusangalatsani ndi maluwa choyera-matalala, lalanje komanso kuwala kwa rasipiberi theka la mita kutalika.
Kuthirira mbewu munyengo yamvula kumachitika nthawi 1 m'masiku 7, koma kwambiri. Pa 1 m2 ya landings, 30-30 malita a madzi adzafunika.
Nthawi yonse yakukula kwa udindo pansipa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita mavalidwe atatu otsatirawa:
- Kumayambiriro kwa mmera kukula. Urea ndi nitrophosphate (1 tbsp. L) kuchepetsedwa m'madzi (malita 10).
- Nthawi yamaluwa. Mankhwala "Agricola" ndi potaziyamu sulfate (1 tbsp) pa 10 malita a madzi.
- Nthawi yamaluwa. "Agricola yopanga maluwa" ndi "Ross" (supuni 1 iliyonse) pa malita 10 amadzi. Kumwa - malita atatu a yankho / 1 m2 m'deralo.
Pa kusintha mbewu imafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse.
Nandolo wokoma, ngakhale umatha kulekerera kuzizira, umafunikirabe kutentha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ngati musanadzale mbande kumeretsa dothi ndi feteleza wa mchere - mudzapeza maonekedwe abwino a maluwa.
Ngakhale kuti zimayambira sizitali kwambiri, ziyenera kumangidwa bwino.
Kodi ndifunika kuyesa nandolo zabwino?
Popeza chikhalidwe cha mbewuyo palokha ndichopanda momwemo ndipo chimangoluma chokha, kwinaku ikulimbana ndi garters, kudulira sikofunikira kwenikweni. Ndikofunika kungoyang'anira maonekedwe a nandolo ndikuwachotsera nthawi zina ma inflorescence. Chifukwa cha njirayi, maluwa atsopano amakhala opusa, owala komanso akulu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchotsedwa kwakanthawi kwa inflorescence yakale kumathandizira kuti pakhale maluwa nthawi yayitali (pafupifupi miyezi 6).
Ngati maluwa okhazikika ndi inu sagwirizana ndi omwe apakidwa phukusi - musathamangire kukalipira wopanga: ndizotheka kwa iwo nthaka sikokwanira ndipo chaka chamawa akuyenera kuziika.
Pakumapeto kwa nyengo yotentha, nthambi za mbewu zimafunika kudula pansi ndikuzaza mizu ndi utuchi. Ngati thunthu la nandolo wotsekemera limachepa kwambiri, mutha kuwonjezera feteleza wa potashi kapena phosphorous. Izi zikuthandizira kulimbikitsidwa kwa nyengo yotsatira.
Nthochi yokoma - kulima mbewu
Aliyense wosamalira dimba khalani ndi zinsinsi zanu zomwe zikukula mbewu zina, kuphatikizapo nandolo wokoma.
Nayi ena a iwo:
- zilowerere ndikumera mbewuzo zikhale mumalimwe (Epulo-Meyi);
- mbande zimabzalidwa bwino mu wowonjezera kutentha, chifukwa muzipinda zake, chifukwa chosowa magetsi, mbande zimatambasulidwa ndipo zimatha kuthyoka pakubzala pansi;
- nandolo zibzalidwe m'miphika ya peat. Izi zipulumutsa mbande kuti zisawonongedwe ndi unyinji wobiriwira komanso mizu mtsogolo;
- Asanabzale, mbewu zaudindo ziyenera kunyowa, chifukwa chipolopolo chakuthwa chimasokoneza kumera.
Kukonzekera kwa pea Chofunikira kwa mitundu yokhala ndi bulauni ndi bulauni inflorescences.
Mbeu zamtunduwo, zomwe zimakhala ndi kirimu kapena mtundu wowala, zimafesedwa m'nthaka popanda kumayambira komanso kukonzekera koyambirira.
- Masamba owona ngati 2-5 atapangidwa pa mbande, amafunika kukonzera tchire, kuthandizira kapena garter, pomwe amapangira malangizo. Ngati izi sizichitika munthawi yake, mapesi ake amaphatikizana ndipo zimakhala zovuta kudzipatula;
- nthenga zokoma za peyala zimatulutsa mokongola komanso mochuluka pambali dzuwa;
- nthaka yodzala maudindo izikhala yosalowerera ndowe. 2 kawiri pamwezi, feteleza ayenera kuyikiridwa;
- Kupangidwe kwa amadyera okongola ndi maluwa atsopano kumatengera kutsalira kwatsiku ndi tsiku.
Ndikofunikira. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha (masana / usiku), komanso kusowa, komanso, chinyezi chambiri zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa maluwa ndi masamba.
- dothi musanabzala sayenera kukumana ndi manyowa;
- nandolo sizimera panthaka yamafuta;
- Zinthu zofunikira kubzala ndibwino kuzitenga kuchokera kuzomera zobzala mbande.
Kukula nandolo wotsekemera, ngakhale kuti kumafuna chisamaliro, koma nkoyenera. Kupatula apo, ndizosangalatsa bwanji kukhala mu gazebo madzulo, kupumira mu maluwa onunkhira bwino kapena kusilira hedge lanthunzi lobiriwira ndi inflorescence yowala ...
Kutsatira malangizo osavuta ndi upangiri wamaluwa waluso, mutha kulipirira.
