Pamba - Denim

Ma jeans athu onse omwe timakonda amapangidwa ndi nsalu za thonje. Kuchokera pa nsalu yomweyo, koma yopyapyala, T-sheti ndi pepala lamabedi zimasokedwa. Ndipo ulusi womwe nsalu iyi idakulungidwa adabadwira m'bokosi laling'ono lamkati, mkati mwa chipatso chamtengo wokonda kutentha - thonje.

Minda yobiriwira ya thonje, yophukira nthawi yotentha ndi maluwa oyera, zonona kapena pinki yazomera imatha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi - ku Egypt, kumwera kwa Europe ndi USA, ku India ndi Uzbekistan. Mbale zikagwa, duwa limasanduka chipatso - bokosi lobiriwira lokhala ndi njere.

Pang'onopang'ono bokosilo limachulukana kukula, kuwuma ndikusintha mtundu. Nthawi yonseyi, mbewu za thonje zimakhazikika mmenemo, atakulungidwa mu ubweya wofewa, wosalala (ulusi). Tsitsi lofiiralo litapendekeka, limakankhira timapepalapo ndi kutulutsa - mbewuzo zimakutidwa mwadzidzidzi ndi ubweya wa thonje loyera. Mbewuyo imafunikira tsitsi ili kuti mphepo izitola nthangala ndikuziyala.

Chomera cha thonje (Gossypium- - mitundu ya mbewu ya banja Malvaceae (Malvaceae), kuphatikiza pafupifupi mitundu 50 yazomera. Mitundu yopangidwa ndi thonje imakulidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Thonje ndimtundu wa ulusi wazomera zomwe zimagulitsa nsalu - thonje.

Kufotokozera Pamba

Zomera za mtundu wa Pamba - wazomera wazaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri wazomera wa herbaceous mpaka 1-2 m wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri. Mizu yake ndi yofunika kwambiri, muzu umalowera munthaka mpaka 30 cm, mitundu ina imafikira mamita atatu.

Masamba a thonje ndi osiyana, okhala ndi petioles zazitali, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zozungulira 3-5.

Maluwa a thonje ndi osakwatiwa, angapo, osiyanasiyana mitundu. Duwa limakhala ndi corolla yokhala ndi miyala itatu kapena isanu yopingasa komanso yopindika komanso yosalala ya masamba asanu yozungulira yozunguliridwa ndi khola la masamba atatu, lomwe limakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa calyx. Ma stamens ambiri amaphatikizira chubu.

Chipatso cha thonje ndi bokosi, nthawi zina mozungulirazungulira, nthawi zina mozungulira, kugawanika kwa 3-5, kumaluka pamavalo, ndi njere zambiri zakuda zakuda mkati mwake, zokutidwa pansi ndi tsitsi lopotana - thonje.

Mitundu iwiri ya ubweya wa thonje imasiyanitsidwa. Amatha kukhala aatali komanso opepuka kapena ofupika komanso otuluka - otchedwa opaka, thonje fluff. Kutengera mitundu ndi kakulidwe kazinthu, mitundu yonse ya tsitsi imatha kukhala pa mbewu, ndi yayitali yokha. Mitundu yamtchire ilibe tsitsi lalitali. Mbewu ya thonje, yokutidwa ndi peel wandiweyani, imakhala ndi nyongolosi yokhala ndi muzu ndi malo awiri okhala.

Kututa kwa Pamba ndi Kukonza

Wokolola thonje mu kugwa. Amayeretsa pamanja kapena mothandizidwa ndi osankha akotoni apadera. Ngakhale thonje losoka m'manja limawonedwa ngati labwino, kugwiritsa ntchito makina a thonje ndiwotsika mtengo kwambiri kwa alimi a thonje. Wotchera thonje yemwe akudutsa pamunda amayamba kukulunga ulusi wokutira ndipo kenako nkuwayika mu hopper yapadera. Thonje lomwe lakutidwa limasakanikirana ndi mbewu za mbewu - imatchedwa pamba yaiwisi.

Kuyeretsa ulusi wa thonje kuchokera pambewu zopangidwa mu ginneries. Kenako thonje limatsukidwa ngati fumbi, ndikumalongedza mabiloni ndikutumizidwa ku mphero, komwe ulusi (ulusi) umapangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi. Tsopano, nsalu zosiyanasiyana zimatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zovala imatha kusoka kuchokera ku nsalu. Zovala zopangidwa ndi nsalu za thonje ndizotsika mtengo, zamphamvu, zolimba komanso zotsukidwa bwino. Ndipo koposa zonse - ndizosangalatsa kuvala, chifukwa amalola khungu lathu kupuma.

Mbewu za thonje zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri. Mafuta a thonje amapezeka kwa iwo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga margarine, zakudya zamzitini ndi zinthu zina, ndipo mkate wotsalawo umaperekedwa kwa chiweto. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani ena.

Thonje ikukula kunyumba

M'makola, thonje la pachaka limakulidwa nthawi zambiri.

Kusamalira Cotton

Kotoni imakonda malo otentha, dzuwa ndi osanja otetezedwa. Amalekerera kutentha kwa chilimwe bwino, koma kumatha kufa ndi kutentha kotsika: kukonzekera kapena chisanu.

Kuthirira thonje, monga mbewu zina zambiri, kumatsata ngati dothi louma mumphika. Thonje imatha kudyetsedwa kangapo pamwezi ndi feteleza wamba wa maluwa.

Kufalikira kwa thonje kunyumba

Pamba umafalitsidwa ndi njere. Zofesedwa kumayambiriro, pafupifupi mu Januware kapena Febere, pomwe mukukumba mbewuzo m'nthaka pafupifupi 1 cm. Zitatha izi, ndikofunikira kuti mbande izipanga greenhouse, kapena kuphimba ndi galasi. Poteni imamera pamalo owala pamtunda wa + 22 ° C mpaka + 24 ° C.

Nthamba zoyamba za thonje zimawonekera m'masiku ochepa. Munthawi imeneyi, amafunika kupereka chinyezi chokwanira, koma kuyesera kuti asawononge chinyengo cha mbande.

Zomera zikadzadzaza, zimafunikira kukakhomeredwa mu thanki yayikulu. Zikafika pamtunda wa 10 masentimita, mbewu zimabzalidwa mumiphika ndi mulifupi wa masentimita 15. M'miphika iyi, amakhalabe mpaka nthawi yophukira.

Cotton limamasula nthawi zambiri patatha masabata 8 zitamera.