Nkhaka zokhala ndi mungu ndi zigawo za parthenocarpic sizipikisano; amathandizana wina ndi mnzake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngakhale kuti mapangidwe obiriwira m'malo ophatikizidwa ndi njuchi, njira yopukutira pakama imafunikira, nkhaka zopukutidwa ndi njuchi zimakhala ndi zabwino zingapo. Choyamba, Zelentsy njuchi kupukutira hybrids ndizothandiza, chifukwa zimapangika chifukwa cha nthangala zomwe zimapanga zambiri za zinthu zofunikira, mavitamini ndi chakudya. Kachiwiri, ndi njuchi zopukutidwa ndi njuchi zomwe zimapereka zida zabwino kwambiri zamchere zikhalidwe, kuti zithetse nkhaka yakale yaku Russia yomwe yatchuka. Kuphatikiza apo, zitsanzo zapadera zidapangidwa zomwe zimaphatikiza kukoma kwa mitundu yakale yolimbana ndi matenda, kukana kuzizira, kulolerana kwa mthunzi, superbeam ndi zina zambiri zofunika.
Njuchi zamakono zatulutsidwa mungu wachilimwe wosankhidwa ndi Agrofirm "Manul" - mtundu wamkati wamaluwa (hybrids zotere ndizopatsa zipatso kwambiri); chifukwa cha kupukutira kwapamwamba, 10-15% ya pollinator amaberetsedwa kwa iwo. Pachifukwa ichi, kampani yopanga ndi kusungitsa "Manul" yapanga mapangidwe apadera ophatikizira mungu: ma spiked oyera F1 Nectar komanso ofiira F1 Bumblebeeyodziwika ndi nthawi yayitali ya maluwa achimuna. Nkhaka hybrids F1 Nectar ndi F1 Bumblebee samangopereka mungu wabwino wapamwamba kwambiri ndi maluwa ambiri achikazi, koma iwo amatulutsa zipatso zamatchu okhala ndi mikhalidwe yapamwamba kwambiri. Kuphatikiza Zophatikiza F1 Nectar ndi F1 Bumblebee adathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola za nkhaka zowongoleredwa ndi njuchi ndikuwonjezera chidwi chawo.
Nkhaka zokhala ndi mungu mungu malinga ndi zovuta zachilengedwe komanso zachuma zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu.
Bee mungu wochokera pachilimwe hybrids wa nkhaka wokhala ndimakonzedwe a mazira m'mimba: F1 Alphabet, F1 Anzanu okhulupirika, F1 Acorn, F1 Kaputeni, F1 Compass, F1 Teremok, F1 Saltan.
Gululi limaphatikizira njuchi zazikazi zokhala ndi mungu. Zomera ndi zamphamvu, zopangidwa kuchokera ku chofooka (F1 Anzanu Enieni) yogwira ntchito (F1 Saltan - wosakanizidwa wokhala ndi gawo la parthenocarpy).
Mitundu yopanga njuchi yozizira pachilimwe imasiyana ndi ena mu kuchuluka kwa thumba losunga mazira, kukula kwake kwakukulu, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wokuta thumba losunga mazira ngati timapota tating'ono topopera mitsuko ing'onoing'ono. Mu mulingo uliwonse, kuchokera ku mazira awiri mpaka 2-3 mpaka 6 mpaka 6 amapangidwa. Zelentsy 8-12 cm, kutalika-kozungulira, chakuda- kapena choyera-kukongola, pafupipafupi makonzedwe a ma tubercles ndi avareji ("Russia mtundu wa pubescence"). F1 Kaputeni ndi F1 Acorn khalani ndi chatsopano chofunikira - kuyendetsa zipatso pang'onopang'ono, kupewa kuchuluka kwawo ndi zokolola zachilendo. Izi ndizofunikira kumadera omwe amagulitsa zamalonda, komanso kwa olima m'minda omwe amabwera kudzapeza minda kumapeto kwa sabata. Awa ndi ma hybrids apamwamba kwambiri omwe amapangidwira kutulutsa kwachilengedwe (masamba amizeremizere) ndi kumalongeza (masamba a muyezo komanso kukula kosavuta).
F1 ABC
Nyuchi mungu wochokera kucha mtengo wokoma wosakanizidwa wachimaso wamaluwa wotuwa lotseguka ndi lotetezedwa. Imalowa zipatso tsiku la 39-42 kuchokera kumera. Nthambi ndi avareji kapena ochepera. Osakhazikika, kuchokera ku 2-4 mpaka 6-10 m'mimba mwake mumapangidwa mazira. Zelentsy tuberous (pafupipafupi makonzedwe a ma tubercles ndi avareji), amtundu-wakuda, ozungulira-osalimba maonekedwe, kutalika kwa 8-11 cm, mainchesi 3,3,5,5 masentimita, kulemera kwa 90-115 g. Kapangidwe kogwiritsa mbiya, komanso kukalongeza nkhaka mini m'mbale. Osalolera kufalikira kwa maolivi, wamba nkhaka zithunzi virus, powdery mildew, ololera kuti downy mildew. 10-15% ya pollinator yofesedwera mtundu wosakanizidwa.Kubzala kachulukidwe pamalo otseguka ndi mbewu za 3-5 / m2, m'malo obiriwira omwe ali ndi mitengo ya 2-3-3 / m2.
F1 Anzanu Enieni
Njuchi yodziwika bwino kwambiri yoyambirira yam'madzi yokhala ngati maluwa. Imabala zipatso patsiku la 37 mpaka 39 kumera. M'malo osakanikirana, kuchokera ku 2-3 mpaka 5-8 kapena thumba losunga mazira limapangidwa. Zosavomerezeka. Nthambi ndi yofooka, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri chisamaliro cha mbewu. Amadziwika ndi zipatso zambiri pamitundu iliyonse yomwe akukula. Zelentsy tuberous, wakuda-spiked, oval-cylindrical mawonekedwe, kutalika kwa 8-10 cm. Ozizira osagwira, osagwirizana ndi blotch ya azitona, wamba nkhaka yamtundu wamtchire, wololera ku powdery hlobo ndi downy mildew.
F1 Acorn
Wokolola dothi lopukutidwa ndi njuchi kuti likhale lotseguka komanso lotetezedwa. Imatchulidwa kuti mitundu yowuma ya crispy yapamwamba kwambiri. Zomera ndi zamtundu wa maluwa, nthambi ndizochepa (ofananira nawo ndi kufupikitsa, mtundu wokhazikika). Osakhazikika, kuchokera ku mazira awiri mpaka 2-3 mpaka 12. F1 Acorn - Wophatikiza ndi chipatso pang'onopang'ono, chomwe chifukwa cha izi chofooka sichikula ndi zokolola zochepa. Kapangidwe kogwiritsa mbiya, komanso kukalongeza nkhaka mini m'mbale. Zelentsy ndi opera, oyera-spiky, wobiriwira kwambiri utoto, 8-11 cm; kuchuluka kwa ma tubercles kuli pafupifupi. Osalolera kufalikira kwa maolivi, wamba nkhaka zithunzi, kulolerana ndi powdery mildew, downy mildew.
F1 Teremok
Mtengo wodziyimira wabwino kwambiri wotetezedwa ndi njuchi wabwino kwambiri. Zachikazi maluwa, nthambi zapakatikati kapena wotsika kuposa pafupifupi. Zelentsy imakhala yotupa kwambiri, yopanda matanga, kutalika kwa 8-12 masentimita, kutalika kwambiri komanso kuthekeka. Osakhazikika, mawonekedwe a mazira 3-4 mpaka 6-9. Kapangidwe kogwiritsa mbiya, komanso kukalongeza nkhaka mini m'mbale. Osalolera kufalikira kwa maolivi, wamba nkhaka zithunzi virus, powdery mildew, ololera kuti downy mildew.
Nyuchi mungu wamphepo yachilimwe ndikukhuthulira kwa nthawi imodzi pamaluwa obiriwira pachomera: F1 Mlimi, F1 Lord, F1 Maisky.
Awa ndi mitundu yophatikizidwa yotsekera njuchi kuti dothi lotseguka komanso lotetezedwa. Chifukwa cha mizu yamphamvu, kuzizira kozizira, kukula kwabwino kwa mphukira yotsatira, amabala zipatso mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Zelentsy amakhala ndi zipatso zambiri komanso kukoma. Awa ndi mahybrids achikazi kapena mtundu wa maluwa ambiri, kotero 10-15% ya pollinator amawonjezeredwa.
F1 Mlimi
Mtundu wosiyanasiyana wa maluwa a njuchi wachikazi kapena wamkati wamaluwa. Amapangira malo otseguka, malo obiriwira a masika, ngalande. Nthambi ndi yapakatikati kapena kuposa avareji. Osakhazikika, mazira 1-2 amapangidwa. Zelentsy ndi coarse, oyera-spiky, 10-12 masentimita kutalika, wandiweyani, crunchy; Makhalidwe okoka ndi kuwotchera ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Kukula kwamphamvu kwa chomera, mizu yolimba, kukula kwa kufalikira kwa mphukira, kuphatikizidwa ndi kuzizira komanso kukana kwathunthu matenda, kumapangitsa nthawi yayitali kubereka kufikira nthawi yophukira. Mtundu wosakanizidwa umagwirizana ndi ufa wa mpunga, maolivi, ma virus a nkhaka wamba, wololera mpaka thonje.
F1 Ambuye
Yokolola pakatikati mwa nyengo yapamwamba njuchi-mungu wophatikizidwa wosakanizidwa wa makamaka wamkazi kapena wamkazi maluwa. Wakula bwino mu kasupe-chilimwe kutulutsa poyera ndi malo achitetezo. Nthambi ndi yapakatikati kapena kuposa avareji. Chizindikiro cha haibridi ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa kubzala komanso kutuluka msanga kwa mbali zam'mphepete, ndi kukula komwe kumadza ndi kuchuluka kwa zipatso zomwe zimatenga nthawi yayitali. Kukaniza kwazizira ndi kukana kwa chomera matenda a phyto-zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zipatso zambiri kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - Seputembala - m'malo opanda mavuto ambiri mitundu. Osakhazikika, mazira 1-2 amapangidwa. Zelentsy wokongola wobiriwira wonyezimira, wowoneka bwino yoyera, wamtali 10 cm; kukoka, kulumitsa ndi kulawa kwambiri. Mtundu wosakanizidwa umagwirizana ndi ufa wa mpunga, maolivi, ma virus a nkhaka wamba, wololera mpaka thonje.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya saladi yopangira mawonekedwe obiriwira nyengo yachisanu-masika a mtundu wa Relay mtundu wa Fay: F1 Relay, Olimpiki za F1, F1 Manul, F1 Marathon, F1 Ladoga, F1 North Light.
Awa ndi nkhaka ndi kukoma kosaneneka ndi fungo, zomwe zilibe fanizo mdziko lapansi. Zophatikiza ndi mtundu wamba wa Russian saladi nkhaka. Kutalika kwa zelenets ndi 15-22 masentimita, kumtunda ndi kozungulira-kotukuka, kosalala kapena pang'ono-matte, pafupipafupi makonzedwe a timachubu ndi apakatikati, khungu limakhala loonda (mtundu wa saladi), mnofu ndi wowuma, wofunda. Zomera zimakhala zolimba, zamphamvu, zopatsa mthunzi, zokhala ndi nthambi zolimba, nthawi yotentha zimabala zipatso mwachidziwikire m'malo obiriwira komanso panthaka. Pukutira bwino, ma hybrids amabzalidwa ndi 10% ya pollinator (F1 Nectar, F1 Bumblebee). Zaka zaposachedwa, F1 Relay, F1 Olimpiki, F1 Manul adadziwika kwambiri pakati pa olima ndi alimi.
Ngakhale mbewu za hybrids za Relay formotype kumayambiriro kwa maluwa zimatha kukhala ndi maluwa ambiri amuna, sizingakhale zokwanira kutsimikizira kupukutika kwakutali. Maluwa aamuna amapangika makamaka pa tsinde lalikulu, ndipo pofika nthawi ya maluwa ambiri akuwonekera m'mbali mwa nthambi zapakati komanso kumtunda kwa mbewuzo amakhala "achikazi". Ngati mukukula mbande kapena mutabzala, nyengoyo inali yabwino, mawonekedwe achikazi mu mbewu amakula. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kubzala pollinator ku hybrids.
F1 Kuperekera
Kukolola pakati pa nyengo njuchi kupukutira wosakanizidwa wa makamaka maluwa akazi. Nthambi pachilimwe ndi yolimba. Zelentsy 15-20 masentimita, tubidy, oyera-spiked, chokoma kwambiri. Ikulitsa kulolerana kwa mthunzi, kutalika kwambiri kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. The wosakanizidwa kugonjetsedwa wamba wamba nkhaka zithunzi HIV, ndi - mizu zowola.
F1 Olimpiki
Wopanga zipatso, wamtali wamkati mwa nyengo yopendekera yamtundu wolimba. Zelentsy zotuwa zoyera kwambiri, zonunkhira ndi fungo labwino, 16 cm cm; pubescence ndi sing'anga, ma tubercles ndi akulu. F1 Olimpiki ali ndi kuchuluka kwachilengedwe, amakana wamba kachilomboka kachilombo, kulekerera kuti muzu zowola.
F1 Ladoga
Kukolola pakati pa nyengo njuchi kupukutira wosakanizidwa wa makamaka maluwa akazi. Amadziwika ndi kukula kwambiri, ali ndi kuthekera kokulira kwambiri. Zelentsy tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tokhala m'mizere italiitali, masentimita 168, mtundu wobiriwira wowala wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yayitali, kukoma kwake ndi kununkhira kwake. Ma tubercles ndi akulu, pafupipafupi makonzedwe a ma tubercles ndi ambiri. Yapakatikati mpaka yolimba. Zophatikiza ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri wamavuto, osagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a maolivi ndi wamba kachilombo ka nkhaka.
F1 Kuwala Kumpoto
Wokolola njuchi-mungu wosakanizidwa ndi msipu wokoma. Zomera ndizachangu, komanso nthambi yabwino. Zelentsy ndi yoyera-spiky yoyera, kutalika kwa 16-19 cm. Ma tubercles ndi akulu, pafupipafupi makonzedwe a ma tubercles ndi osowa. Zipatso za mtundu wowoneka bwino wobiriwira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yayitali. Zophatikiza ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri wamavuto, osagwirizana ndi maolivi, ma virus a nkhaka wamba.
Zomera za nkhaka zimatha kupanga maluwa atatu: maluwa achikazi, maluwa achimuna, maluwa a hermaphroditic.
Maluwa azimayi - nthawi zonse ndi ovary (nkhaka yaying'ono), kuti athe kusiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa amphongo asanafike maluwa. Mwa mitundu ya parthenocarpic, tchire limakula kukhala msipu popanda kupukutira (i.e., njuchi ndi tizilombo tina, kapena kupukutira koyenerera sikofunikira kuti tipeze mbewu). Mu nkhaka zokhala ndi mungu mungu, kukula kwa thumba losunga mazira (ndipo chifukwa chake, mapangidwe a zipatso) kumafunikira kupukutidwa kwa maluwa achikazi ndi mungu kuchokera kumaluwa achimuna. Chiwerengero cha maluwa achimayi mu mfundo chitha kukhala 1, 2 (yopanga zipatso zazitali) ndi zina - mpaka 10-12 (kwa nkhaka zam'manda).
Maluwa a amuna - wopanda ovary, kunja ndi maluwa achikasu pamatayala ochepera. Tanthauzo la kubereka kwa maluwa achimuna ndi kupukutidwa kwa maluwa achikazi (onse njuchi mungu ndi ma genotypes apakati) kuti apeze mbewu. Mu mitundu ya parthenocarpic, greenbacks fomu yopanda mungu, koma alibe mbewu; kuti tipeze mbewu mu zipatso za parthenocarpic, maluwa achikazi amayenera kupukutidwa.
Maluwa aamuna amapangidwa m'malo amodzi a tsinde ndi ofanana ndi mphukira, monga lamulo, m'magulu - angapo.
Mungu wamaluwa amphongo ndi omata, olemerera, samagona mokwanira, i.e. Kupukutidwa ndi mphepo sikuchitika m'nkhaka, koma kumachitika ndi tizilombo.
Kapangidwe ka maluwa a nkhaka
Maluwa aimuna amakhala ndi calyx, petolla petals, stamens. Zoyeserera zisanu, chilichonse chimatha ndi mungu - winanso, pomwe pamapezeka mungu (mungu).
M'maluwa achikazi, m'malo mwa stamens, pamakhala pistle yopanda manyazi, mzati ndi ovary. Potsika m'munsi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala masentimita atatu, pomwe pamakhala mizere ingapo ya mavuuvu.
Kulowetsa nkhaka
Uchi wa nkhaka umamera pachimake pa duwa lachikazi nthawi yomweyo, ndipo m mawonekedwe a mungu umalowera kudutsa gawo la pestle kulowa mu mavuvu okhala ndi mazira. Pambuyo popukutira mazira mu nkhaka zowongoleredwa, njuchi zimayamba kukula. Mu nkhaka za parthenocarpic, thumba losunga mazira limakula popanda mungu.
Maluwa aamuna ndi aakazi a nkhaka nyengo yabwino amatsegula m'mawa - kutuluka kwa dzuwa. Ngati tsiku loti lisanazizire (pafupifupi + 15 ... + 17 ° С) ndi mitambo, maluwa amatseguka bwino ndipo amatha kutsegulidwa pang'ono.
Mu maluwa achimuna, mungu umakhwima masiku 1-2 asanatsegule. Ma Anthers amatseguka patsiku la maluwa, koma ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala pansi +16 ... + 17 ° C, ma anther amatha kutsegula tsiku lotsatira (chifukwa chake, mungu suyenera kupukutidwa patsiku lomwe maluwa amphongo atseguka).
Mungu umagwira kwambiri kuyambira maluwa atatseguka mpaka maola 11 mpaka 12 patsiku, ndiye kuti kuphukira kwa mungu kumachepa, ndipo m'mawa wotsatira ukhoza kutayika kwathunthu. Kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya pa mungu ndi +20 ... + 30 ° C. Kutentha kochepa (+ 14 ... + 16 ° С) ndi kutentha kwakukulu (pamwamba + 40 ° С), kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya mungu kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Maluwa amakula okha masiku 1-2, pambuyo pake amatha.
Kutulutsa kwamaluwa achikazi kumatenga pafupifupi masiku awiri. Ngati saipukutira mungu, amasunganso mawonekedwe ake atsopano kwa masiku angapo, pomwe mitundu ya maluwa imayamba kuwala. Pukuwala, makamaka maluwa achikazi ndi achimuna okha ndi omwe amatulutsa maluwa. Amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa ena omwe atulutsa maluwa tsiku limodzi kapena kuposerapo, kutengera mtundu wachikaso wowala wa miyala ya corolla. Mtundu wina (wocheperako) wazipatso umapangidwanso pakupukutika kwa maluwa achikazi tsiku lotseguka.
Momwe mungalandire zipatso zambiri za nkhaka zowongoleredwa ndi njuchi
Ngati njuchi yolumikizidwa ndi njuchi ndi yamtundu wa maluwa (mwachitsanzo, pali maluwa okhaokha pazomera), kapena mtundu wa maluwa ambiri (mbewuzo makamaka ndi maluwa achikazi, pamakhala maluwa ochepa achimuna), ndikofunikira kubzala 10-15% ya pollinator kuti atenge mbewu (pazomera 9-10 zazikulu za wosakanizidwa, 1 chomera cha pollinator). Ma Pollinators ndi mitundu kapena hybrids a mtundu wamtundu wa maluwa, amapanga maluwa ambiri achimuna pachimake chachikulu ndi mphukira zina.
Kulowa ndi nkhaka kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo: njuchi, njuchi, ntchentche, komanso nyerere. Pofuna kuti tizilomboti touluka tizitha kulowa m'nyumba zobiriwira, masana (m'mawa) masamba azitseko ndi zitseko za nyumba zobiriwira siziyenera kutalika.Pofuna kukopa tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayendetsa mungu pamalo otetimira, nthawi yomwe maluwa amatuluka amapaka pafupifupi 1-2 sabata limodzi ndi yankho la uchi kapena supu ya granated (supuni 1 pa lita imodzi yamadzi). Madontho ochepa amafuta onunkhira amatha kuwonjezeredwa ku yankho. Nthawi zina mbewu za uchi wokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu lamtunduwu zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha: alissum, colza. Potseguka, monga lamulo, tizilombo toyambitsa mungu tambiri.
Zambiri pazatsoka ndi masanjidwe ambewu zamasamba za kusankhidwa kwa mbewu ya Agrofirm "Manul", zomwe zimapezeka mu ukadaulo wa zaulimi zimapezeka pa webusayiti: Mbewu zamtundu wa mbewu zamasamba
