Hirita

Chirita ndi duwa losakhwima komanso losakhwima lomwe ndi la banja la a Gesneriev. Dera lokhazikika motere, mitundu yomwe imatha kukhala yophuka komanso zakale, ndi madera otentha ku Asia. Zomera zimakonda dothi lamiyala ndipo zimakonda kukhazikika m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri komanso m'matanthwe.

Chirita ali ndi mitundu yambiri, yosiyana ndi kukhalapo kwa tsinde kapena rosette, chiwerengero ndi mawonekedwe a masamba. Masamba amayambira kuzungulira mpaka lmentolate, yambiri pubescent, koma pali mbewu zosalala. Chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino kwambiri cha ma chiritis onse ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa ndi owongola pang'ono. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maluwa amtundu wa buluu, koma amatha kutupa achikasu kapena oyera komanso pharynx wosiyanako. Ziphuphu zimachokera ku tsamba limalakwika ndipo zimatha kupanga chimodzi, koma masamba atatu kapena anayi. Zipatso zomwe zimapangika pambuyo pa maluwa ndi mabokosi ang'onoang'ono odzazidwa ndi njere zazing'ono.

Kusamalira Panyumba

Malo ndi kuyatsa

Muyenera kukula chomera mu kuwala kowoneka bwino kwamawindo akumadzulo kapena kum'mawa. Duwa silimavomereza kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma limatha kumva bwino pansi paunikiro. Kuti apange gawo loyimira, hirita nthawi ndi nthawi imazunguliridwa kuzungulira axis.

Kutentha

Ulamuliro wabwino kwambiri wamtundu wamaluwa umachokera ku 18 mpaka 24 madigiri. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewuyo ndi yokwanira ndi madigiri 15. Chirita ndi mbewu yokhala ndi nthawi yopumira: ikakhala yozizira, ntchito yake yofunika imachepetsa, ikafunda, imakula ndipo imaphuka nthawi yonse yozizira. Sakufunika kuti apange nyengo yozizira.

Chinyezi cha mpweya

Pofuna kukhala ndi chinyezi chochulukirapo pamalo ozungulira, duwa litha kuyikidwa pa pallet pomwe dongo kapena dothi lonyowa limathiridwa. Kuwaza masamba owuma a hirita sikofunikira, ayamba kupweteka.

Kuthirira

Ndikofunika kuthirira kukongola kwa mkati pokhapokha mpira wapamwamba ukawuma. Maluwa samalekerera kutulutsa kwamadzi - mizu yake imavunda ndikuwonongeka, koma "chilala" pang'ono sichitha kufikira chilala. Izi zimapatsa mbewu zake zamasamba olimba. Mulingo woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira kwapang'onopang'ono - madziwo sadzagwa masamba. Ngati hirita imasungidwa nthawi yachisanu, imathiriridwa madzi ambiri.

Dothi

Dothi la hirit ndi malo osakanizika ndi malo okhala ndi mchenga malinga ndi 2: 1: 0,5, kapena osakaniza a sod, tsamba, humus nthaka ndi mchenga - 3: 2: 1: 1. M'nthaka, komanso m'ngalande, palibe vuto kuwonjezera makala, omwe amachotsa chinyezi chosafunikira chomera. Mutha kutenga mankhwala opangidwa ndi senpolia.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Chonde chomera mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe ndikupanga maluwa, pomwe pali phosphorous ndi potaziyamu yambiri.

Thirani

Chaka chilichonse, hiti sayenera kuikiridwa. Kutalika koyenera kumakhala kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Pobowoleka pamphika amatengedwa kuti masamba omwe amatulutsa masamba awonekere kupitilira konse.

Kufalikira kwa maluwa a Hirita

Chirita amaberekanso zonse mothandizidwa ndi njere komanso zipatso.

Kufalitsa mbewu

Zolemba zimamera bwino kwambiri kuchokera ku mbewu. Zofesedwa mu gawo lonyowa mu theka lachiwiri la February popanda kumatira mu dothi ndikumwaza ndi dothi, chifukwa kumera kumachitika pamtunda. Galasi imayikidwa pamwamba kuti isawonongeke ndikupanga malo onyowa. Mbeu zabwino kwambiri zimatenthedwa pa kutentha kwa madigiri 24-26. Munjira imeneyi, mbande zimatha kuwoneka kale masiku 12-14. Ngati matenthedwe achepetsa, nthawi zambiri matendawa amatha kwa mwezi umodzi ndipo akhoza kukhala osagwirizana.

Nthaka kumene njere zake zimafunikira kuti zizinyowa m'mene zimira. Mbande zomwe zikutuluka zimawunikira bwino kwa maola 12, ndipo gawo lapansi limasungunuka ndi syringe kapena syringe. Izi zimalepheretsa kupindika kwa madzi pamapepala a chirite ndi kuvunda kwawo.

Mbewu zikaoneka masamba cotyledonous, zimatha kulekerera pang'onopang'ono. Ngati kuchuluka kwazomera kuli kochepa, mutha kuziuthira ndikatha tsamba lenileni. Kutola kumachitika mosamala, popeza mizimu yanthete imakhala yosalimba ndipo imasweka mosavuta. Pakaphulika, timasamba timachotsedwa, ndi malo ake ndikuwazidwa makala ndi makala (mumatha kuphwanya piritsi yamakala).

Kufalikira ndi kudula

Mizimu yosatha, kuwonjezera pa kufalitsa mbewu, imakulanso ndi njira yamasamba, mwachitsanzo, kudula masamba.

Kuti muchite izi, tsamba lathanzi, lopangidwa bwino, koma osati lakale lomwe limadulidwa ndi tsamba kuchokera potulutsa, louma, mankhwalawa fungicidal amachitika ndikubzala m'chidebe chaching'ono palokha kapena kudula pamwamba kuti aletse kukula kwa tsamba lokha. Amayikidwa pamoto, wokutidwa ndi pulasitiki. Ngati zadulidwa zingapo zayang'aniridwa, onetsetsani kuwunikira kwathunthu kwa chilichonse. Kwina mwa mwezi ndi theka, mphukira zazing'ono zimatuluka. Akakula, amakwiriridwa mumaphika osiyana.

Chirita akhoza kufalitsa ndi chidutswa cha tsamba. Imakulungidwa ndi mbali yakumunsi, yoyikidwa pa bolodi ndikuyidula ndi mizere ya sentimita isanu m'mphakati - imakhala ngati phesi.

Zinthu zake zimakuzika ndi maziko a chogwirizira m'miyangoying'ono yaying'ono madigiri 45, ndikupanga mtunda wa 3 cm ndikuyika dothi pang'ono mozungulira. Zokhala ndi mbewu zamtsogolo ndizothandizidwanso ndi fungicide ndikuzisamutsira kumalo otentha (madigiri 20 ndi pamwamba) ndikuphimbidwa ndi polyethylene. Wowonjezera kutentha akuyenera kulengeza tsiku lililonse. Kutsirira patsogolo kudzera poto. Pakatha milungu isanu kapena isanu ndi itatu, mphukira zimatuluka. Magawo apamwamba komanso apansi a tsamba lothandizira kufalitsa chiritis sagwiritsidwa ntchito.