Zachidziwikire, anthu ambiri mdziko lathu amadziwa bwino chomera chobiriwira chomwe chimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse: m'nkhalango zowala, m'mphepete, pamtunda wakutali. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamitundu yambiri ya wort ya St. John - hypericum perforatum (Hypericum perforatum).
Hypericum perforatum (Hypericum perforatum)Kodi zidatheka bwanji kuti a John Wort wofatsa adapeza chikondi osati pakati pa anthu, komanso pakati pa asayansi, makamaka madokotala? Ubwino wazomera sungawerenge. Muli vitamini C, carotene, mafuta ofunikira ndi ma tannins, zinthu zotchedwa tarry. Kukonzekera komwe kumapangidwa kuchokera ku wort ya St. John kumakhala ndi zinthu zakuthambo, ma hentaticatic komanso antimicrobial, amatha kuyambitsa kusinthika kwa minofu. Chifukwa cha ichi amutcha anthu ”mankhwala a matenda 99“.
Kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala a Hypericum perforatum, onani nkhani ya St. John Wort - "ochiritsa mabala"
Komabe, mbewu yomwe timalemekezedwa ndi ifeyo, yasanduka udzu woipa m'mabusa a North America, Australia, New Zealand. Kodi nchifukwa ninji alimi akumayiko awa ali ndi nkhawa? Likukhalira kuti kulimbana kwa nyama kumayambitsa matenda oopsa a ziweto. Akavalo ndi nkhosa zimamunyadira. Chabwino, mwina ndi pomwe dzinalo limachokerako "Wort wa St.“.
Mitundu ya wort ya St. John imatha kupezeka mwachilengedwe m'malo osiyanasiyana, ngakhale ku savannah aku Africa. Mapiri, kumapiri, kwa mapiri, sichachilendo kwa iwo. Chifukwa chake, wort waku Kenya St John imapezeka ngakhale pamalo okwera mamita 4300 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Mwachilengedwe, mawonekedwe a mbewu izi ndi zosiyana. Amatha kukhala udzu wochepa kwambiri, zitsamba, momwe mlengalenga umamwalira nthawi yozizira, pafupifupi timiyala tating'ono, tating'onoting'ono kapena kowongoka kosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale mitengo yotsika ndiyotchuka. Koma mitundu yambiri ya wort ya St. John imamera, pachimake ndipo siziwundana bwino kokha m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Chifukwa chake, kuti tiwakhazikitse patsamba lawo, munthu ayenera kudziwa ngati mitundu yosankhidwa ndioyenera nyengo yathu.
Ndiyenera kunena nthawi yomweyo kuti pakati pa mitundu ya herbaceous pali ena ochulukirapo kuposa nyengo yozizira, koma ndi okongoletsa pang'ono kuposa ena a nkhadze.
Hypericum calyxinum (Hypericum calycinum)Kodi ndi hypericum iti yomwe imakhazikitsidwa pakati pa Russia? Kusankha kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsa kwambiri, Akasipentala. L. adawagawa mu hard Hard yozizira m'magulu atatu. Zomera zoyambirira zimatha kulekerera kutentha pang'ono kwa -29 ° С, chachiwiri - mpaka -24 ° С, ndipo chachitatu - mpaka -17 ° С. Ndiwo mtundu wochokera pagulu loyamba lomwe ndi lodalirika kwambiri kapena locheperako pakati lamba wa Russia. Mwachitsanzo Wort wa St. (H. densiflorum) ndi Kalma (N. kalmianum). Loyamba lili kum'mawa, lachiwiri m'chigawo chapakati cha North America. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kutalika kwa chitsamba. Ngati wort wa St. John ukhoza kufika mpaka 3 m, ndiye kuti worma wa St. John sapitilira mita 1. Mitundu yonseyi imakhala ndi masamba ofewa, masamba obiriwira amdima okhala ndi buluu. Maluwa awo achikasu achikasu achikasu, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa m'makola amiyala a corymbose, amawonekera mkati mwa chilimwe ndikupitilira kutseguka mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Mitundu ya gulu lachiwiri, ngakhale ili yokhazikika, iyenera kubzalidwa m'malo otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira, ndipo nthawi yozizira imalaza mizu ndi masamba kapena nthambi za spruce. Nthawi yomweyo pangani malo kuti kutentha kwa -25zaNdi izi, adzatsimikizira kukhala osakwanira, mbewu zimatha kukhala okondwa kapena kufa. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuwatulira kumwera kwa Moscow. Mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri ya gululi imatha kutchedwa Olimpiki ya Olimpiki (H. olimpicum). Dziko lakwawo ndi Bulgaria ndi Turkey. Ichi ndi chocheperako, ngati nthambi zobowola, kapena chitsamba chowuluka chopepuka, chotalika mpaka 4 masentimita a buluu wamphamvu kwambiri, osalala, masamba owonda. Chikasu chake chachikasu kapena chikasu chowala, nthawi zina chokhala ndi utoto wofiirira, maluwa owoneka ngati nyenyezi, omwe atisonkhanitsidwa m'magulu, amawonekera kumapeto kwa kuthamangira mu Julayi. Wort wa St. John ali ndi mitundu "Citrinum" ("Citrinum") wokhala ndi maluwa akulu mpaka 3,5 cm.
Wort wa St. (N. androsaemum) ochokera ku Caucasus. Imakhala ndi maluwa obiriwira ataliatali ochokera ku maluwa achikuda achikuda. Chinanso chokongola ndi zipatso zake, zopyapyala kwambiri, migolo ya makungwa, zikacha zimasanduka zakuda. Mwachilengedwe, pali mawonekedwe okhala ndi masamba oyera-apinki, omwe adapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yokhala ndi masamba ofiirira amtundu wakuda ndi masamba achikaso chachikaso.
Gululi limaphatikizaponso calyx yovekedwa ndi nyenyezi (H. calycinum), kukula ku Crimea ndi Transcaucasia. Ichi ndi chophuka chokhazikika nthawi zonse, chomwe chimakula kwambiri, chosapitirira 0,2-0.6 m, koma chachikulu, mpaka 8 cm, maluwa, achikasu amtundu umodzi wamkati ndi maluwa achikuda, zobiriwira, zonyezimira masamba. Maluwa mochedwa komanso otalika, kuyambira mwezi wa Julayi mpaka Seputembala, amathandizira kwambiri mawonekedwe okongoletsera.
Pomaliza, gulu lachitatu limaphatikizapo zambiri zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo, Hypericum yovala kwambiri. Makhalidwe awo okongoletsa amawonetsedwa kwathunthu kumwera. Mwachitsanzo, ichi ndi chitsamba chamtali, chotseguka komanso chobiriwira nthawi zonse Wort wa St. zachikopa (N. coris). Kutalika kwake sikupita masentimita 45. Masamba ang'onoang'ono amtundu wamtambo wobiriwira. Mbale zagolide zachikasu m'mphepete zimakhala ndi ubweya wofiirira. Ndibwino kuti mwapangidwe ndi miyala yosanja ndi yolimba. M'zaka za zana la XIX, mtundu wosakanizidwa unapezeka - wamanyazi Moser (N. x moserianum) - shrub 0,3-0,5 m wamtali wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati drooping wofiyira ndi masamba obiriwira. Kukula kwa maluwa kumafika masentimita 7. Makamaka okongola ndi awo ofiira kapena apinki stamens. Gawo lake "Tricolor " ("Tricolor") Ndizokoma kuti pachomera chimodzi nthawi imodzi pali masamba osiyanasiyana: kirimu, pinki ndi wobiriwira.
St. John Wort (Hypericum coris)Kukula
Ndi zikhalidwe ziti zomwe zimayenera kupangidwa kwa wort wa St. John kuti ukhale ndi moyo wabwino? Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti zimatha kumera zonse pamiyeso komanso pamchenga, chonyowa koma dothi lopanda madzi. Malo ofikira amafunika kukhala otentha, otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira, kumpoto. M'nyengo yozizira, mizu imakutidwa ndi masamba owuma, lapnik, ndipo masika, mphukira zakufa zimadulidwa. Musaope kuchita izi, chifukwa maluwa a wort a St. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zitsamba izi sizolimba kwambiri, choncho m'njira yapakatikati, ngakhale ndi chisamaliro chabwino, ziyenera kukonzedwa pambuyo pa zaka 8-10. Koma monga akunenera, masewerawa ndi oyenera kandulo!
St. John Wort (Hypericum x moserianum) 'Tricolor'Kusankha kwa Hypericum
Wort wa St. John ndi chuma chambiri kwa obereketsa. Nzosadabwitsa kuti pachiwonetsero cha Florida-2002 ku Holland kudawonetsedwa zinthu zambiri zomwe sizidziwika koma zodabwitsa za St. Zinthu zatsopano zomwe zikuwoneka Kumadzulo ndizodziwika bwino ndi maluwa akuluakulu agolide, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yowala, yonyezimira, ngati zipatso zokongoletsera kapena zipatso zozungulira, nthambi zowala, masamba obiriwira amdima kapena masamba. Komabe, kupitilira mitundu yamitundu yonse yokongoletsera, sikukugwirizana ndi nyengo yachisanu ya Russia. Kukongola kwa mbewuzi kudzakopa chidwi cha wamaluwa. Tsoka ilo, palibe chochitika pakukula izi hybrids m'dziko lathu.
Chida Chambiri:
- Plotnikova. L. Zitsamba zamaluwa owala ndi dzuwa / Mdziko la Zomera, Na.7, 2006. - p. 12-15.
