Iris (Kasatiki, Roosters) ndi mbewu yamuyaya ya genizome genus. Irises amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi dimba lililonse, dimba ndi paki. Pali mitundu yoposa 700, yomwe imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Pachifukwa ichi, anthu adatcha utawaleza wamaluwa. Zakhala zikunena kuti kuyambira kalekale, iris adatchulidwa mulungu wamkazi wa utawaleza Iris. Kunja, maluwa a iris ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ma orchid ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana amitundu.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Chomera iris adakhala wotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa tsitsi la shaggy pamiyala. Mtundu wamtunduwu wa iris ukhoza kukhala wamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana (wamtali, wamtali, chipinda chodyera ndi ena).
Mfundo yofunika mukamakula ndikuti muyenera kubzala mtundu wa iris pamchenga. Kuti muchite izi, mchenga umathiridwa pansi pa dzenje lokonzedwa (yaying'ono) ndikuyika, ndikugawa njerewayo mosamala. Tambalala sayenera kuzama.
Siberia iris Imakula mpaka 80 cm, pomwe imakhala ndi maluwa mpaka 10 cm, amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wachilengedwe wamtunduwu uli ndi mithunzi yambiri kuchokera pabuluu mpaka utoto wofiirira.
Koma zamitundu ina yophatikiza, pali:
- zoyera (Mfumukazi yachisanu),
- pinki (Impal opal),
- chikasu ndi oyera oyera (Mabati ndi Suga).
Ndi kusiyanasiyana konseku, pali zofunika kwambiri zamtunduwu - fungo palibe.
Iris japanese (dzina lake lina xiphoid) ali ndi maluwa akuluakulu (pafupifupi 25 masentimita), omwe ali ofanana kwambiri ndi maluwa a orchid.
Iris evansia - imodzi mwazitini zazikulu kwambiri (pafupifupi mita imodzi kutalika), chilala komanso chisanu. Maluwa ndi malalanje, ali ndi malo achikasu owoneka bwino komanso malire oyera (ofiirira, amtambo wamtambo ndi ena).
Iris Swamp kusiyana kosiyana ndi mitundu ina ndikuti iris iyi imamera m'dothi lonyowa. Pazifukwa izi, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa maiwe.
Zokongoletsa iris - imangofika 15 cm kutalika, imakhala ndi masamba ambiri ndi maluwa achikasu kapena ofiirira.
Chi Dutch Dutch (xyphylum- - wosakanizidwa wosiyanasiyana, woyamba kubadwa ku Netherlands. Amakula mpaka kutalika kwa osaposa 50-60 cm.Maluwa amakhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana: yoyera, yachikasu, lalanje, yamtambo ndi yamtambo.
Zosakhazikika nthawi yozizira, koma nyengo yozizira imafunikira pobisalira. Nthawi zambiri mtundu uwu wa iris umagwiritsidwa ntchito podula, kupanga maluwa.
Iris spuria - Duwa losangalatsa kwambiri, lomwe limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Latin kuti "spuria" limatanthawuza "zabodza". Ili ndi dzina lofananira kwakunja ndi ma irises achi Dutch.
Ubwino waukulu ndikuti nthawi yamaluwa ndi yayitali (masabata angapo). Nthawi ya "moyo" wa duwa limodzi ndi sabata.
Kubzala Iris ndi kusamalira poyera
Irises ndi mbewu zomwe zimakonda kuwala, kotero chinsinsi cha maluwa ataliatali komanso owoneka bwino ndi malo omwe ali ndi magetsi.
Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti irises amatha kusuntha. Chifukwa chake mchaka chimodzi amatha kutalikirana ndi malo oyamba ndi masentimita angapo. Chifukwa chake, kubzala kumachitika osati molingana (mzere), koma ndi fan la masamba motsatira mzere. Zobzala mitengo yamtundu uliwonse ndizosiyana.
Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, miyala yokhala ndi ndevu iyenera kubzalidwa pamalo amenewo pomwe theka la tsiku limawunikiridwa bwino, ndibwino ngati kuli malo otsetsereka kapena okwera (chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa madzi osungunuka) ndi kukhalapo kwa ngalande. amakonda nthaka kuti ikhale yonyowa nthawi zonse.
Koma nthawi yomweyo, mitundu yonse imakonda dothi lolemera, chifukwa chake, ngati kuli kotheka, kasupe, musanabzale, kompositi imawonjezeredwa (osagwiritsa ntchito manyowa) ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu-phosphorous. Ngati dothi ndi acidic, mutha kuwonjezera choko kapena phulusa lamatabwa. Ndipo nthawi zonse, musanabzale, ndikofunikira kuchiza malowa ndi herbicides ndikunyowa ndi fungicide (chifukwa cha kupha tizilombo).
Kuthirira irises
Ndikofunika kuthirira mbewu pokhapokha dothi litapukutiratu kuthengo. Ngati zikuwoneka kuti pansi pamadzi padutse pafupi ndi kumtunda, ndiye kuti ndiyenera kusamalira ngalande pasadakhale.
Kutsirira koyamba kumachitika mutabzala, ndipo kotsatira - osati kale kuposa masiku atatu pambuyo pake.
Kudyetsa irises mu kasupe
Pokhala maluwa opusa komanso kukula kwabwino, maluwa ngati maluwa onse, amafunika kuphatikiza manyowa ndi feteleza. Komabe, simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa, chifukwa kuchokera pamenepo imayamba kupweteka.
Pazovala zapamwamba, feteleza wophatikizira wa mchere wokhala ndi phosphorous, nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Muyenera kuwaza iwo mozungulira tchire nthawi yophukira pambuyo poti irises imayamba kukula. Pambuyo pa izi, dziko lapansi liyenera kuthiriridwa kuti lipititse patsogolo kufalikira kwa mphesa.
Komanso, musaiwale kuti kuchulukitsa kwa feteleza kumavulaza kwambiri mbewu, komanso kusowa kwawo, ndibwino kuti musadyetse pang'ono, monganso kuthirira, kuposa kumamwa. Ena mwa alimi anganene kuti: bwanji kudyetsa ndi kusilira ndi maluwa, chifukwa adzaphuka popanda iwo. Koma mutha kutsutsana ndi izi.
Kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu za kukula kwa irises, pakhala pali nthawi pomwe kuvala kwapamwamba sikunachitike konse kwa zaka zitatu motsatizana - ndipo kusiyana kwake kunali kowonekera kwambiri. Ngati feteleza agwiritsidwa ntchito, maluwa amadzaza kwambiri komanso mopatsa chidwi, maluwa ake amakhala owoneka bwino komanso ochulukirapo, masamba amakhala athanzi komanso gloss, ndipo matayala amakhala olimba kwambiri kuti ngakhale ali ndi chimphepo champhamvu samasweka, omwe safunika kumangika konse.
Koma chinthu chachikulu nthawi imodzi - kukula kwa tchireli kumathamanga. Pazifukwa izi, yankho ku funso lodyetsa kapena ayi, ndilosiyana - kudyetsa, koma nthawi yomweyo mwanzeru komanso modekha. Ndakhazikitsa kale pulogalamu yazodyetsa komanso zovuta zazing'ono ndi zazikulu zazikulu kamodzi nthawi isanayambike nyengo yamaluwa. Mu malingaliro anga, ndazindikira kuti amawakonda, amakula msanga ndipo amatulutsa bwino.
Kukonzekera irises yozizira
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a irises, okhala ndi chifukwa chakuti mizu yawo imakulika mozungulira, nthawi zina mizu yawo imawululidwa pamwamba, kotero kuti nthawi yozizira amafunika kukonkhedwa ndi dziko lapansi ndi peat, apo ayi amasula. Chapakatikati, dothi ili limatsukidwa bwino.
Irises mwapadera siliyenera masamba, udzu, mapesi a chimanga monga chophimba kapena zinthu zina zilizonse zomwe irises zingasungunuke. Pogona, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka. Thirani dothi lambiri m'manja mkati mwa chitsamba kuti mudzitsekere.
Matalala akadzagwera, amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pobisalira, kuwathira pamiyala. Ndipo nthawi yamasika, nthaka ikamera, nthaka yopanda malire iyenera kugawidwa mozungulira patchire. Ndipo, pankhani yanthawi yakusungirako irises yozizira, ndizosatheka kupereka malangizo mosiyanasiyana kwa onse wamaluwa.
Popeza, mukamakula irises kum'mwera zigawo, mutha kuchita zonse popanda malo achitetezo, koma kummawa ndi kumpoto kwa Russia, mitundu ina imangofunika pogona.
Kubwezeretsanso irises
Pali njira zitatu zofalitsira irises - mbewu, zikumera kapena rhizome.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa njirazi ndikuti maluwa akutuluka kuchokera ku mbewu amayenera kuyembekezeka mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu, ndipo maluwa omwe adakula kuchokera ku ma rhizomes adzaphuka mchaka choyamba.
Kubwezeretsanso irises pogawa chitsamba
Mukagawa tchire, zitsamba zathanzi kwambiri ndizomwe zimasankhidwa. Popeza kuti mwakumba dzinthu zonse pansi, muyenera kugwedeza nthaka yonse kuti muone muzu uliwonse, kenako kudula m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, kuti gawo lililonse likhale ndi tsamba limodzi. Masamba amadulidwa pakati.
Pambuyo pake, ndikofunikira kupha tizilombo ta yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (tsitsani mizu mu njira yothetsera mphindi 10-15), ndikuuma padzuwa. Bzalani mumabowo ang'onoang'ono, osakuya kupitirira 3-4 masentimita komanso mtunda wosayandikira theka la mita.
Kufalitsa kwamasamba a iris
Pofalitsa maudzu, ndikofunikira kudikira chomera chimodzi chokha, mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira zazing'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, ayenera kudulidwa masamba asanawonekere.
Mizu imachitika podzala m'nthaka m'malo mokhazikika, ndikupanga wowonjezera kutentha. Ngati ndi kotheka, utsi wambiri. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, kuzika kwamizu kumatha kuonedwa.
Kulima mbewu za Iris
Pambuyo maluwa, sonkhanitsani mazira owuma. Zitha kusungidwa m'mabokosi m'malo amdima ndi owuma. Mu nthawi yophukira, mbewu zakonzedwa zimabzalidwa mumiphika ndi gawo lamchenga komanso yokutidwa ndi galasi kapena polyethylene (pangani wowonjezera kutentha). Pafupifupi kuphukira, mbande zimera, ziyenera kudulidwa.
Kukula pang'ono kumabzalidwe pokhapokha kukakwanira kuti kubereka bwino. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mwanjira imeneyi mitundu yokhayo yomwe imatha kufalitsidwa, koma ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pamakhala zovuta kukhalabe ndi machitidwe a amayi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
- Ngati duwa lakhudzidwa ndi mtundu uliwonse wa zowola (i.e. Fusarium), ndiye kuti cholingacho chikachotsedwa pamalopo, bowo pomwe lidapezedwa ndi 2% yankho la baseazole. Mankhwala omwewo amatha kuthandizidwa ndi rhizome komanso musanabzale, ngati njira yothandizira.
- Tizilombo tating'ono tomwe timayambitsa iris scoopsamene amadya maziko a zovala, chifukwa choti amatembenukira chikaso ndikufa.
- Wina mwa majeremusi ndi kuponya. Amakhala mumasamba, amasokoneza photosynthesis (khalani ofunda ndi owuma,, ndipo masamba ndi opunduka ndipo amataya kuwunika kwamitunduyo. Izi zitha kuchitika nthawi yotentha, chifukwa chosowa chinyezi. Njira zowongolera ndi kalbofos.
- Iris akudabwitsanso aulesi. Njira yosavuta yothanirana nawo ndikufalitsa ziguduli kapena masamba onyowa mozungulira tchire, kudikirira kuti awononge (amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati pobisalira), kenako kuwatenga ndikuwawononga.
Bacteriosis kapena zofewa zowola za iris rhizomes
Chimodzi mwa matenda owopsa omwe amakhudza irises ndizofewa, bakiteriya, zowola za rhizome. Zomera zimafa ndimatenda olimba.
Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi kuwola kwa masamba m'munsi mwa nthambizo, pomwe masamba ake amakhalabe obiriwira ndikungotuluka ndi mafani athunthu. Ma rhizomes enieniwo amasinthidwa kukhala madzi a fetid. Tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa liyenera kukumbidwa kwathunthu, malo onse owonongeka kudulidwa, kufikira minofu yathanzi, chida chodulira chizikhala chotetemera nthawi iliyonse.
Tchire zimagawika, ndikuwazidwa ndi malasha osweka m'malo mwake, kenako zimayikidwa padzuwa mpaka kumtunda ndi ma rhizomes kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, kuti pakhale kutentha. Osawopa kuti irises iwuma. Njira zotere ndi njira yopulumutsira zomera zodwala. Pambuyo pake, Delenki yomwe idaphwa ndikuwotha, imasungidwa kumalo atsopano, ndikuthirira.
Dziko lapansi lomwe lili ndi kachilombo limatetezedwa ndi njira yothetsera potaziyamu, ndipo zinthu zoyambukirazi zimawotchedwa. Ndi kupaka pang'ono kwa ma rhizomes panthawi yamatendawa, ndikotheka kupulumutsa mendulo mu milandu pafupifupi zana limodzi.
Iris amabweretsa dzimbiri
Chapakatikati ndi chilimwe, maluwa amaoneka ngati masamba amadzimadzidzimbiri, yomwe imakula pakapita nthawi, ndikupangitsa kuyanika masamba masamba. Makamaka kufalikira msanga kwa masamba amenewa kumachitika chinyontho chachikulu.
Popewa kuwonekera masamba, ma irises amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicides kuchilimwe kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa mbewu yolimba, ndikuyenera kubwereza pambuyo pa masiku khumi ndi khumi ndi anayi kuphatikiza zotsatira.
Ndipo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yamaluwa, kuwongolera kukonza kumachitika. Dziwani kuti mayankho amakonzekererawa pamapepala sagwira bwino, chifukwa chake zomata zapadera ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa.
