Ukadaulo waulimi wa Beetroot

Gawo 1. Beets - zofunikira katundu, mitundu, mitundu
Gawo 2. Ukadaulo waulimi pakukula kwa beets

Alimi ambiri omwe akuchita zamaluwa amadandaula kuti ma beets si okoma, mnofu umakhala wolimba ndipo samapeza zifukwa zosinthira. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimachitika makamaka ndi mbewu zosakhala bwino, kugula zakudya zam'madzi m'malo mwa canteens, kuphwanya teknoloji yaulimi ndi mikhalidwe yomwe ikukula. Chifukwa chake, tisanapite ku ukadaulo wamaulimi a beets a tebulo, tiyeni tidziwe zofunikira zake pakukula.

Beet zofunikira pakukula

Njira yotentha

Beetroot ndi m'gulu la mbewu zomwe zimakonda kutentha, koma ndizosagwira. Kuzibzala panthaka kumayambira ndikukhazikitsa kwa dothi lotentha mosachedwa ndi 10 cm masentimita osatsika kuposa + 8 ... + 10 ° С. Ndi kufesa koyambirira ndikubweza nyengo yozizira, beets mutamera kumera imatha kulowa muvi ndipo osapanga mbewu yapamwamba. Zomera zokhala zazing'ono zimakhala ndi nsalu yolimba yamtondo, yopanda pake kapena yokhala ndi fungo. Potulutsa mbande, kutentha kozungulira kwa + 4 ... + 6 ° C ndikokwanira. Mbande zoyambirira zimatha kupirira kwa nthawi yayifupi mpaka 2 ° C, koma mbewu zazu ndizochepa. Osathamangira kubzala beets kapena kubzala zingapo m'njira yotalikirana ya masiku 7-16 mpaka 15. Chimodzi mwazomera chimagwera bwino ndikupanga mbeu yabwino yomwe mukufuna.

Beetroot. ©

Makina opepuka a beetroot

Kuti mupeze zokolola zapamwamba zapamwamba za mbewu iliyonse (osati ma beets okha), muyenera kudziwa sayansi yake, kuphatikizapo ubale wake ndi boma la kuunika. Beets ndimtundu wamba wa tsiku lalitali. Mbewu za Beet pamlingo wamaumbidwe obadwa nawo zidakhazikitsa izi, ndipo zokolola zochuluka zimapangidwa mukalimidwa ndi nthawi yayitali ya maola 13-16. Kusintha kwa kutalika kwa nthawi ya maola 2-3 makamaka kumayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mlengalenga, ndipo kukula kwa mizu kumacheperachepera.

Kumbukirani! Kufupika pakukhwima kwa mbewu, ma beets ochepera amayankha kusintha kwa masana.

Mitundu yakale, yokhazikika ya beet ndiyolimba kuposa ang'ono omwe amamangiriridwa ndi kuwala ndikuwongolera kusintha kwa kutalika kwa kuwala. Kuti mupeze mbewu zapamwamba, ndikofunikira kugula mbewu zamakono zophika zomwe zimasinthidwa kutalika kwa nthawi ya kuwala ndikuyankha pang'ono pakuwala. Kuphatikiza apo, obereketsa pakadali pano amaweta mitundu ndi ma hybrids omwe sangakhale ogwirizana ndi kuyatsa kwakutali. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kugula zamitundu yamakono ndi ma hybrids (F-1) a beets.

Chiwerengero cha beets chinyezi

Beets ndizokwanira kukwanitsa kudzilimira zokha. Koma mvula yosakwanira, imafunika kuthirira. Mitengo yothirira iyenera kukhala yochepa, chifukwa chinyezi chambiri panthawi yachilendo yopanga mbewu imakhala yayikulu mizu, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ming'alu.

Bedi lokhala ndi beets. © Olli Wilkman

Zofunikira zadothi zokhala ndi beets

Beetroot ndi dothi losaloledwa. Pa dothi lokhala ndi acidified, mbewuyo imapangidwa yopanda tanthauzo ndi zipatso zotsika za muzu. Chikhalidwe chimakonda dothi lamvula, kusefukira kwamwala, miyala yamkuntho. Simalola kuti dothi lolemera, lamiyala, lamchere lokhala ndi madzi okwanira.

Chofunikira cha beets kwa otsogola

Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi zokolola zoyambirira zomwe zimapangidwa kale, kuphatikizapo nkhaka, zukini, kabichi yoyambirira, mbatata zoyambirira, mitundu yoyambirira ya biringanya ndi tsabola wokoma, tomato woyamba. Chofunika kwambiri ndi nthawi yokolola yomwe idakhazikitsidwa nthawi yozizira kufesa beets. Nthaka iyenera kukonzekereratu.

Zambiri za beetroot agrotechnics

Kusankhidwa kwa nthangala za chinangwa

Monga mbewu ya botanical, beets ndi njira yosangalatsa yopangira zipatso. Chipatso cha chikumbu ndi nthochi imodzi. Mbewu zikacha, ma cunguwo amakula limodzi ndi perianth ndikupanga chipatso chosalala, chomwe chimakhalanso ndi dzina lachiwiri "mbewu ya beet." Aliyense glomerulus muli zipatso 2 mpaka 6 ndi mbewu. Chifukwa chake, pakumera, zikumera zingapo zodziimira zimamera. Mukabzala mbande, mbande za Beet zimafunika kupatulira. Kulandila kumachitika nthawi zambiri pamanja, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito, motero, mitengo yapamwamba ikapangidwa mukamakhala m'mafamu akuluakulu apadera.

Zoweta ziŵeto amodzi-amodzi (mbande imodzi) beet mitundu. Malinga ndi machitidwe awo azachuma, samasiyana ndi mitundu yomwe imapanga zipatso za seminal. Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndikupanga chipatso chimodzi, chomwe chimachotsa kupatulira mukachoka. Chonde chinyumba kunyumba musanafese, kuzikika ndi mchenga. Pakupera, chonde chimagawidwa padera.

Mwa mitundu yokhala ndi ma beets omwe ali amodzi, omwe ndi odziwika kwambiri komanso ogwiritsiridwa ntchito kulima nyumba ndi G-1, Bordeaux, mbewu yokhayo, Virovsky, mbande imodzi, Russia yokhala ndi nthangala imodzi, Timiryazevsky. Mitundu yamtundu wamtunduwu ndi yam'mwaka wotentha, yodzipereka. Guwa la ndiwo zamasamba zamizere ndiwofewa, yowutsa mudyo. Amasiyanitsidwa ndikusunga bwino, kusunga kwakutali. Ntchito mwatsopano komanso nthawi yokolola yozizira.

Beetroot imamera. © joolie

Ndiwosavuta kugula nthangala za chinangwa pakubzala m'misika yamakampani yomwe ikulitsa mbewu. Pankhaniyi, palibe chifukwa chokonzekera kufesa (kuvala, barrage, kuphika poto, ndi zina). Mukamagula nthangala za beet, onetsetsani kuti mwawerengera phukusi. Nthawi zina njere zoyesedwa sizifunika kuti zizinyowa. Zofesedwa mwachindunji mu dothi lonyowa. Nthawi zina, mbewu zimamera m'mapiko onyowa, zomwe zimathandizira mbande.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Mukakolola, wotsogola akuyenera kupangitsa kuti mbande zanyundo zikhale kuthirira ndi chiwonongeko chotsatira. Ngati malowa atsirizika mu organic, ndiye kuti humus kapena ma 2-5 kg pa mita imodzi aliwonse amabalalika. m. malo a malowa. Kuti achepetse nthaka yosakanizidwayo ipangire laimu fluff 0,5-1.0 makilogalamu pa lalikulu. m ndi feteleza wa mchere - nitroammofosku 50-60 g pa 1 lalikulu. m. M'malo mwa nitroammofoski, mutha kukonza osakaniza a mchere. Ammonium sulfate, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu mankhwala enaake, 30, 40 ndi 15 g / sq. m. kusakaniza, kumwazikana kuzungulira malowo ndikukumba masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Mukuphukira, dothi limasulidwa ndi masentimita 7 mpaka 15, pansi ndikang'ambika ndikugudubuza pang'ono. Kupitilira ndikofunikira pakubzala mofanira.

Kubzala nthawi ya beetroot

Beets yofesedwa mchilimwe pomwe dothi limawentunda ndi masentimita 10 mpaka 10 mpaka C. Pofesa pafupi madera ofunda ndi North Caucasus, omwe adachitika pambuyo pa Epulo 15. Kudera la Volga, madera ena osakhala a chernozemic komanso apakati, ku Kazakhstan - beets amafesedwa malo otseguka theka loyambirira la Meyi. Ku Far East - m'zaka khumi zapitazi za Meyi-oyambira khumi a Juni. Madeti obzala pamwambawa ndi oyenera kwambiri kwa mitundu yoyambirira ya beet. Mitundu ya pakatikati ndi mochedwa imabzalidwa m'malo otentha kumapeto kwa Meyi. Gawo la mbewuyi limasungidwa kuti lisungidwe yozizira.

Ku Urals ndi ku Northern dera, beets mochedwa nthawi zambiri simafesedwa panja. Pakati pakatikati pa Russia, chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha, ndikotheka kukula mitundu yonse ya zipatso za beetroot - kuyambira oyambira omwe ali ndi mbewu yolimba muukada mwaukadaulo mkati mwa Julayi mpaka mitundu yamakono yokolola mu Seputembala ndi theka loyamba la Okutobala. M'magawo awa aku Russia, kuphatikiza osakhala chernozem, kubzala zipatso za nthawi yozizira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri (kumapeto kwa Okutobala-koyambirira kwa Novembara, Novembala-Disembala) ndi mitundu yolephera yozizira yomwe imagwirizana ndi mphukira. Ndi kufesa kwa dzinja, beets amatenga zipatso zoyambirira kumapeto kwa June.

Beetroot mbande. © Andrew Quickcrop

Tekinoloji yophukira kwa masika a beetroot

Kufesa nthangala za kasupe mu nthawi ya masika kutha kuchitika ndi njere zowuma komanso zowoneka bwino. Mbewu zofesedwa mizere pamtunda. Mbeu zamera zimafesedwa munthaka yonyowa. Pafupifupi masamba onse amafa panthaka youma.

Mizere imadulidwa mu 15-30 masentimita. Kubzala pa dothi lolemera kumachitika mpaka masentimita awiri, pamiyala yowala - 4 cm. Mtunda m'mizere ndi 2-3 masentimita, omwe, pakuonda, amawonjezeredwa mpaka masentimita 7, omwe amathandizira kupanga mbewu yokhazikitsidwa ndi mizu (10 cm). Pazomera zokhala ndi mbewa imodzi, kupatulira kumaphatikizidwa ndi kukolola mtengo, ndipo mukafesa ndi zipatso za zipatso, kupatulira 2 kumachitika.

Teknoloji yodzala beets mbande

Mbande za Beetroot nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa nthawi yachilimwe, kuphatikiza kukula koyambirira mu greenhouse ndi greenhouse ndikupititsa patsogolo kosavuta. Beets imatha kulimidwa m'malo otentha, kuphimba zigawo za spandbond kuyambira nthawi yozizira. Mbewu yofesedwa m'malo obisalamo kapena wowonjezera kutentha m'nthaka yokonzekedwa kwa masiku 10 mpaka 10 - 10 isanayambike nthawi yobzala. Kubzala wamba. Kuti mupeze mbande zambiri, kufesa kumachitika mu glomeruli. Mtunda womwe uli mzerewo ndi 12-20 cm, kutengera masentimita, mpaka masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Mu gawo la masamba 4-5 (kutalika pafupifupi 8 cm), chosankha chimachitika, ndikusiya mbewu ziwiri mu chisa. Zomera zoyenda pansi zimabzalidwa munthaka kapena mosiyana ndi peat-humus ndi zotengera zina kuti zikule, ngati nyengo sinakhazikitsidwe. Poika beets, ndikofunikira kuchitira msana wapakati mosamala momwe mungathere. Kuwonongeka kwake kumachedwetsa kukula kwa mbewu yofesedwa. Pakakhala nyengo yofunda, mbuto zazing'ono zimabzyala panthaka. Humus peat imabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo pansi ndi mbewu. Ngati miphika ndiyosinthika, kupatsirana kumachitika ndi njira yofalikira. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, mbewu zochepa zokha zosakhala muyezo (zopunduka) zimapezeka. Poika mbewu, sungani malamulo awa:

kuziika beet mbande zonse zosaposa 8 cm. Mbewu zachikulire, zomwe sizikhala muyezo mu mbewu,
popewa kuwombera mfuti, ndizosatheka kuzama mbande zachikazi ndikamaika,
siyani mtunda wa mzere wa masentimita 12-15, ndi pakati pa mizere kuti muchepetse shading, mpaka 25-30-40 cm.

Tizilombo ta masamba. © Karen Jackson

Tekinoloje yofesa nyengo yachisanu

Pofesa nthawi yozizira, njira yodzala ndiyabwino kwambiri. Imakhala yotentha bwino kwambiri m'nthaka, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kupeza mbewu yabwino kwambiri yoyambira ndi mizu yoyambirira. Kubzala kachilomboka yozizira kumachitika mu Okutobala-Novembala, kapena m'malo mwake, pamene kuziziritsa kwakhazikika kukhazikitsidwa, osabweza masiku otentha. Pamwamba pa zitunda, njere zimabzalidwa mizere mpaka akuya masentimita 4-6, kuti isungidwe chisanu mwadzidzidzi. Mbewu mu mizere yowazidwa pa 1-2 masentimita ndi dothi la humus, lopendekeka pang'ono ndikuwonjezerapo pamwamba ndikuwonjezerapo ndi masentimita atatu kwa kutchingira.

Wophatikizidwa ndi beet mbewu

Ngati mundawo ndi wocheperako, koma mukufuna kukhala ndi mndandanda waukulu wazomera zamasamba, ndiye kuti beets itha kulimidwa pamabedi okhala ndi masamba, ndiye kuti, phatikizani mbewu zingapo pabedi limodzi. Njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri kum'mwera, komwe nthawi yayitali mungatenge mbewu zitatu zamitundu yoyambira bedi limodzi. Zomera zam'madzi za kasupe zitha kuphatikizidwa pabedi lomwelo ndi kaloti, anyezi, amadyera, radara, radishes, sipinachi, saladi, kuphatikizapo kabichi, tsamba, watercress. Mukakolola beets koyambirira khumi mwezi wa Julayi, mutha kukhala malo osungirako malo mobwerezabwereza kufesa kwa anyezi pa amadyera, radish, letesi, katsabola. Mukakolola masamba, mutha kubzala nandolo kapena mbewu zina ngati manyowa obiriwira.

Beetroot. © rachael gander

Kusamalira Beet

Kusamalira chikumbu ndi:

kukonza malowo kuti akhale oyera ngati namsongole, makamaka nthawi yoyambirira isanatuluke (mpaka kuwonekera kwa masamba awiri oyamba). Pakadali pano, beets imayamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo osalekerera kubera;
kukonza kukonza kwa ma mzere popanda kutumphuka dothi, kuonetsetsa kusinthana kwaulere kwa mpweya;
kudya kwa panthawi yake;
kukhalabe chinyezi cholondola kwambiri.

Beets imayamba kumera pa kutentha kwa + 8 ... + 10 ° C ndi + 5 ... + 7 ° C m'malo okhala. Komabe, mphukira pamatenthedwe amawoneka mochedwa komanso osagwirizana kwambiri. Kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya kumaonedwa kuti ndi + 19 ... + 22 ° С. Kuwombera kumawonekera pa tsiku la 5-8 ndipo pofika tsiku la 126 chikhalidwe chimalowa gawo la mphanda. Mu masiku 10 otsatira pali chitukuko champhamvu cha mlengalenga (zida za masamba), kenako kukula kwa muzu mbewu kumayamba.

Kuchepetsa nthaka

Kumasuka koyambirira kumachitika patatha masiku 4-5 mutamera kumera. Kutsegulira kumachitika mosamala, pang'onopang'ono kukulitsa wosanjikiza kuchokera ku 2-4 mpaka masentimita 6-8. Masulani dothi mu ma kanjira, kumapeto kwa mzere, mbali za zitunda mutatha kuthirira ndi mvula. Kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwa maudzu achichepere kumavulaza mbewu za beet ndikuwapatsa mbewu zabwino zomwe zikukula ndikukula. Kutseguka kumayimitsidwa masamba atatsekedwa.

Bedi lokhala ndi beets. © aaron_01m

Beets zokutira

Kuchepetsa kumachitika pofesa beets patebulo ndi chonde (glomeruli). Kuyambira mbande kukhala 3-5 mbande. Mitundu yokhala ndi mbewu imodzi, monga lamulo, safunika kupatulira, pokhapokha kukolola mu bun ikaperekedwa. Kuchepetsa kumachitidwa m'mitambo nyengo ikathirira koyamba. Ndikosavuta kukoka mbewuyo m'nthaka yopanda kuwononga oyandikana nayo. Kuchepetsa beets kumachitika kawiri.

Nthawi yoyamba yopambana ikuchitika ndikukula kwa masamba 1-2, kuchotsa mbewu zofooka komanso zophatikizika. Nyengo ya masentimita atatu yatsala pakati pazomera. Mukamachepetsa mbewu zamitundu yambiri, mbande ziwiri zatsala. Pankhaniyi, kupatulira kumachitika mu gawo la masamba 2-3. Zomera zodula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbande, kubzala mbewu m'mphepete kapena m'mbali mwa zitunda zazitali.

Kuchepetsa kwachiwiri kumachitika, ndikupanga masamba 4-5. Gawo lino, beets apanga kale mizu ya 3-5 cm. Pakachepa kwachiwiri, mbewu zazitali kwambiri, zophuka zimachotsedwa. Amafika pachakudya chamagulu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, dziko la mbewu limayang'aniridwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo matenda omwe ali ndi matenda komanso okuthwa amachotsedwa. Mtunda woloza mzere kutalika kwamizu ndi 6-10 cm.

Beet pamwamba kuvala

Mukukula kwa nyengo, mitundu iwiri yapamwamba ya zovala zapakati komanso mochedwa zimachitika. Beets zoyambilira, zomwe zimavala bwino nthawi yophukira ndi feteleza, nthawi zambiri sizidyetsedwa. Ndizovuta kwa wamaluwa, makamaka oyamba kumene, kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza. Chikhalidwe nthawi zambiri chimaphwanyidwa, ndipo chimatha kudziunjikira nitrites, omwe amachititsa kudziwa zachikhalidwe ndi nitrate.

Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika pambuyo pa kupatulira koyamba kapena kuzika kwa mbande. Mutha kudyetsa nitroammophos - 30 g lalikulu. m kapena osakaniza a tuks a mineral pa mlingo wa 5-7 g / sq. m motero sodium nitrate, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu mankhwala ena.

Pa dothi lodzala, ndikwabwino kuchita chovala chapamwamba choyamba pogwiritsa ntchito mullein kapena ndowe za mbalame mu chiyerekezo cha gawo limodzi la mullein mpaka magawo 10, ndikugwetsera mbalame mpaka magawo 12 a madzi. 5 g wa urea akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku yankho. Pangani yankho motalikirana ndi 6-10 masentimita kuchokera pamizere yama beets mu mzere wa 3-4 cm. Gwiritsani ntchito ndowa yodzaza mita 10. Kutsirira kumachitika kuchokera kuthirira kungayandikire dothi, kuti masamba asatenthe. Pambuyo pakupanga yankho, imakutidwa ndi dothi, yothiriridwa ndi mulched.Kudyetsa ndi madzi organics kumachitika kokha koyamba nthawi ya beets. Pambuyo pake, popanda kukhala ndi nthawi yosinthira ma mineral form kukhala organic, mbewu zimadziunjikira nitrate muzu za mbewu. Chizindikiro choyamba cha kudzikundikira kwa ma nitrate ndi ma nitrites mu muzu wa mbeu pakutha mopambanitsa ndi nayitrogeni ndikuwoneka kwa voids muzu.

Chovala chachiwirachi chapamwamba chimachitika m'masiku 15-20 kapena pambuyo pang'onopang'ono kupatulira. Pakudyetsa, superphosphate ndi kalimagnesia kapena potaziyamu mankhwala enaake amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo wa 8-10 g / sq. m (supuni 1 yapamwamba). Mafuta amchere amatha m'malo ndi phulusa la nkhuni, ndikugwiritsa ntchito 200 g pa lalikulu. m malo, kenako kutsanulidwa ndi dothi la masentimita 5-8.

Mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba

Ma feteleza a micronutrient boron, mkuwa ndi molybdenum amawagwiritsa bwino ntchito ngati zovala zamadzimadzi zakumaso mwa kupopera. Pamwamba pa misa. Mutha kugula feteleza wokonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito microdutrient feteleza kapena m'malo mwake ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa.

Gawo la masamba 4-5, ndibwino kupopera ma beets ndi yankho la boric acid. Sungunulani 2 g ya boric acid m'madzi otentha ndikuchepetsa mu 10 l a madzi. Njira imeneyi kuteteza mbewu muzu wa beet mu zowola za mtima. Kukonzekera kotsiriza kwa micronutrient kumadzichepetsedwa malinga ndi malingaliro ndipo mbewuzo zimathandizidwa.

Ngati palibe feteleza wopangidwa mwaluso wopanga micronutrient, amasinthidwa bwino ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni. Kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa kumatha kuvala zovala ziwiri zapamwamba: magawo a 4-5 masamba ndi gawo logulika kwa mizu (August). Kulowetsedwa kwa 200 g pa 10 l madzi asanapopera kupopera kuyenera kusefera.

Pafupifupi masiku 25-30 asanakolole beets, ndikofunikira kuti uwaze mbewuzo ndi yankho la feteleza wa potashi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azisunga bwino.

Kodi mukufuna beets imakoma? Musaiwale kuthira mchere ndimchere wamba. Thirani 40 g (supuni ziwiri zopanda pamwamba) za mchere wopanda mchere m'mililita 10 yamadzi ndikuthira ma beets, muthera ndowa yothirira mita imodzi. m la malo. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe apamwamba, phatikizani yankho la mchere ndi yankho la zinthu, ndikuthira mu June komanso koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.

Kuthirira beets

Mbale yowola bwino yotsekera ndi zamkati zimapezeka ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse, makamaka kumadera louma. Kutsirira koyamba kumachitika ndi misa mphukira. Thirirani chikhalidwecho katatu pamwezi. Munthawi ya kukula kwa mizu, kuthirira kumachitika pafupipafupi. Chizindikiro choyamba chozengereza ndi kuthirira ndi kufota kwa masamba a beet. Beets amakonda kwambiri kuthirira masamba. Chikhalidwe sichilekerera kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa dothi. Kuyambira kutentha kwambiri, kuphatikiza nthawi zonse ndikofunikira mpaka masamba atatseka. Kutsirira kumayimitsidwa milungu itatu musanakolole.

Kuteteza beets ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Matenda owopsa kwambiri a beets ndi kuwonongeka kwa fungal komanso bakiteriya ku mizu ndi chomera. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi mbeu zofooka ndikuwonongeka mizu ndi mizu. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi zowola (fusarium, bulauni, youma) imakhala yovuta chifukwa chakuti ziwalo zonse za mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya - mizu, masamba, masamba. Chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera zamafuta sikusiyanitsidwa. Nkhondoyo imachitika ndi agrotechnical miyeso ndi kukonza kwachilengedwe.

Kubzala kumachitika kokha ndi mbewu yathanzi yothandizidwa ndi bio-etchants. Ndikofunika kuti mugule zopakidwa zopangidwa kale ndikukonzekera kufesa zakutchire.
Zotsalira zonse za tirigu ndi namsongole zimachotsedwa m'munda, momwe bowa, mabakiteriya ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda nthawi yachisanu.
Dothi la ndimu nthawi yomweyo, limapatsa nyengo yabwino chitukuko.
Amayang'anira zochitika zachikhalidwe nthawi zonse ndikuchotsa matenda omwe ali m'munda.
Amapereka chikhalidwechi osati macro- komanso ma microelement omwe amateteza bwino mbewu ku matenda.

Mwa zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi zowola, planriz imagwiritsidwa ntchito podulira nthaka, ndipo phytosporin, betaprotectin, dokotala wa phyto, ndi agrophil amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza matenda a mlengalenga mwa mbewu.

Tizilombo tambiri tating'onoting'ono timeneti ndi masamba ndi nsabwe za m'mizu, ntchentche za beetroot ndi migodi, chishango cha beetroot, ntchentche, etc. Mwa zinthu zachilengedwe motsutsana ndi tizirombo, bitoxibacillin, dendrobacillin, entobacterin, lepidocide, etc.

Kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, Mlingo ndi nthawi yogwiritsidwira ntchito zikuwoneka phukusi kapena malangizo omwe akutsatira. Zinthu zachilengedwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito posakanikirana ndi tanki, mukayesa kuyesera koyambirira kuti mugwirizane. Ngakhale atetezedwe pokonza mbeu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, njira zoteteza zomwe tikuyenera kuyang'ana ziyenera kuonedwa. Samalani! Zinthu zachilengedwe zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto chifukwa mitundu ya fumbi imakhala ngati dzimbiri.

Kututa kwa Beet

Zomera zozikika ziyenera kukololedwa isanayambe chisanu (kumapeto kwa Seputembala - theka loyamba la Okutobala). Kukolola kwa beet kumayamba chikasu chikamasiya. Zoyakira mizu sizisungidwa bwino ndipo storages zimakhudzidwa ndi fungal rot ndi matenda ena. Mukakolola, muzu mbewu zimasankhidwa, ndikulekanitsa zathanzi zonse. Dulani nsonga, ndikusiya hemp mpaka 1 cm. Kutentha kosungirako ndi + 2 ... + 3 ° C. Njira zosungira ndizosiyanasiyana: m'mabokosi okhala ndi mchenga, utuchi, peat youma; m'matumba apulasitiki, zochuluka, ndi zina zambiri.