Rhododendron

Rhododendron (Rhododendron) ndi nthumwi ya banja la Heather. Mitundu iyi imayimiriridwa ndi zitsamba ndi mitengo, yomwe imakhala yachidwi, yopanga deciduous komanso yobiriwira nthawi zonse. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, mtunduwu umagwirizanitsa mitundu 800 mpaka 1300, kuphatikizapo azaleas, omwe ndi odziwika kwambiri pakati pa olimawo, amatchedwanso "mkati ghododendron." Dzinali limaphatikizapo mawu awiri: "Rhodon", omwe amasulira kuti "rose" ndi "dendron" - kutanthauza "mtengo". Pankhaniyi, Rhododendron amatanthauza "mtengo wokhala ndi maluwa," kapena "rosewood." Chowonadi ndi chakuti maluwa azalea ndi ofanana maonekedwe a maluwa. Kuthengo, ma rhododendrons amapezeka kwambiri ku North Hemisphere (kumwera kwa China, Himalayas, Southeast Asia, Japan, ndi North America). Amakonda kukulira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mitsinje ndi nyanja zam'madzi, pamphepete mwa kumpoto kwa mapiri komanso pamtunda wa pansi pake. Mitundu ina imafikira pamtunda wa 0,3 m, pomwe ina ndi zitsamba zokwawa. Maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana amtunduwu amasiyana wina ndi mnzake osati mtundu, komanso mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake. Mwachitsanzo, maluwa akulu kwambiri m'mimba mwake amatha kufika 0,5 m, pomwe ang'ono kwambiri ndi ochepa. Masiku ano, pali mitundu pafupifupi 3,000, mitundu ndi mitundu ya munda wa Rhododendron.

Zambiri za Rhododendron

Garden rhododendron ndi shrub. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kusiyana pamlingo ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, omwe ndi amtundu, pachaka komanso osatha, phula kapena sessile, omwe amapezeka nthawi zonse, serrate kapena m'mphepete, obovate kapena ovate. Chomera ichi chimadziwika kwambiri m'maiko onse padziko lapansi chifukwa cha masamba ake okongoletsera, komanso maluwa okongola, omwe ali gawo la mitengo ya genemose kapena corymbose inflorescence, yomwe imawoneka ngati maluwa okongola modabwitsa. Maluwa amatha kujambulidwa ndi pinki, lofiirira, oyera, ofiira kapena ofiirira. Kapangidwe ka maluwa kutengera mtundu ndi mitundu ya mbewu ndipo limagwirira ntchito, ma tubular, belu kapena wozungulira. Mitundu ina, maluwa amakhala ndi fungo labwino. Chipatsochi ndi bokosi lamiyala isanu yopanda masamba, mkati momwe muli mbewu mamilimita awiri. Mizu yopanga bwino kwambiri yazikhalidwe iyi imakhala ndi mizu yambiri ya ulusi. Chifukwa chakuti mizu yake ndi yopanda tanthauzo, kufalikira kwa Rhododendron ndikosavuta, ndipo chomera chimalekerera bwino. Chitsamba ichi chimatengedwa ngati chomera chabwino kwambiri cha uchi.

Kubzala Rhododendron poyera

Kusankha nthawi ndi malo okokerako

Pakati patali, tikulimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi mitundu ya Rhododendron yokha yomwe imadziwika ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu. Mutha kubzala mbewuyo panthaka yoyambira Epulo mpaka theka lachiwiri la Meyi, ndipo ngakhale mu Seputembara-Novembala. Omwe alimiwo akudzipereka pantchito yobzala rhododendron nyengo yonse yakukula, kupatula nthawi yamaluwa ya shrub yotere, ndipo simungathe kuchita izi kwa masiku 7 mpaka 15 mutamasula maluwa.

Podzala, muyenera kusankha malo ometa omwe ali kumpoto kwa kapangidwe kake. Dothi liyenera kuthiridwa bwino, kumasuka, kukhala ndi humus yambiri komanso acidic. Ngati chiwembuchi chili ndi kuya kwa pansi pa 100 cm, ndiye kuti mutabzala chitsamba ichi mudzakhala bedi lokwera. Rhododendron ingabzalidwe pafupi ndi mitengo monga thundu, paini, larch, pomwe mizu yake imapita mwakuya. Chitsamba ichi sichikulimbikitsidwa kuti chibzalidwe pafupi ndi chestnut, mapulo, elm, linden, alder, msondodzi ndi populaya, chifukwa mizu yake imakhala yakuzama monga rhododendron, chifukwa chomaliza sichikhala ndi michere ndi chinyezi chofunikira. Ngati mukufunikiranso kubzala mitengo ya Rhododendron pafupi ndi umodzi mwa mitengo yomwe yatchulidwa, ndiye kuti m'mbali mwa dzenje lobzala lidzafunika kutetezedwa pokumba, ruberoid kapena polyethylene m'nthaka. Oyandikana nawo abwino chifukwa cha mbewu iyi ndi peyala ndi mtengo wa apulo.

Zowongolera

Konzani bowo kuti mudzallemo, kotero kuti akuya kwake kukhale pafupifupi 0,4 m ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 0.6. Thirani dothi losakanikirana ndi zidebe 3.5 za loam mkati mwake (mutha kuyikamo ndi zidebe ziwiri), komanso 8 zidebe za peat. Iyenera kusakanikirana bwino. Kenako kusakaniza kwa dothi komwe kumatsanuliridwa m'dzenjemo kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Pambuyo pake, dzenje limapangidwira, kukula kwake komwe kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi kukula kwa muzu wokhomera wobzala. Nthawi yomweyo musanabzike, mmera umayenera kumizidwa m'mchidebe chodzadza ndi madzi. Ndipo ndikofunikira kuchikoka pokhapokha maukamu amlengalenga atangofika pamadzi. Zitatha izi, mizu iyenera kuyikidwamo, yomwe imadzazidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana, iyenera kukhala yolumikizidwa bwino kuti pasakhale ma voids. Pofesedwa mmera, khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala lofanana ndi pamalowo. Zomera zobzalidwa zimafuna kuthirira kwambiri. Ngati Rhododendron adabzala m'nthaka youma, ndiye kuti kuthilira kambiri kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti dziko lapansi lonyowa mpaka 20 cm. Kenako pamwamba pa thunthu bwalo liyenera lophimbidwa ndi mulch (masamba a thundu, singano za paini, peat kapena mbewa), pomwe makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala 50-60 mm. Ngati pali masamba ambiri pambewu, ndiye kuti mbali yake iyenera kudulidwa, chifukwa chake mphamvu za mbewuzo zidzagwiritsidwa kuti zizika mizu, osati kutulutsa maluwa.

Ngati tchire limodzi lokha la Rhododendron libzalidwe pachikhalidwe chachikulu, ndiye kuti mphepoyo imatha kumasula mmera. Kuti mupewe izi, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa thandizo, pomwe kulimitsa kumayenera kulunjikitsidwa molowera kumphepo yamkuntho yomwe imakonda kuwomba. Kenako chomera chodzala chimamangidwa ndikuthandizira. Chomera chikazika mizu, thandizo limatha kuchotsedwa ngati mukufuna.

Kusamalira Rhododendron

Rhododendron amafunika chisamaliro chabwino. Iyenera kuthiridwa, kuthiriridwa, kudyetsedwa, kupalidwa udzu munthawi yake, kupangidwira kupanga, ndipo ngati kuli kofunika kutetezedwa ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Kutsegula kapena kukumba dothi pansi pa tchire sikungatheke chifukwa cha malo omwe mizu yake idamera. Kupalira kuyenera kuchitidwa pamanja;

Chikhalidwe ichi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamlingo wamlengalenga komanso chinyezi pansi poyerekeza ndi mbewu zina zamunda, makamaka nthawi ya maluwa ndi maluwa. Rhododendron ndikofunikira kwambiri kuthirira madzi molondola, chifukwa imakhudza kwambiri kuyika kwa maluwa a nyengo ikubwerayi. Kuthirira mbewu ndiyofunika kukhala madzi osavuta (akuimirira kapena mvula). Olima ena amasungunula ndi kuthira madziwo mophweka, chifukwa amaphatikiza ndi mahatchi peat maola 24 musanatsirire, muyenera kutenga ochepa. Malinga ndi momwe masamba amaphuka, mutha kudziwa kuti muyenera kuthirira chitsamba chotani. Chomera chimafuna kuthirira ngati masamba ake amakhala osalala komanso otayika. Pa ulimi wothirira, nthaka iyenera kuzilitsidwa mpaka 20 cm mpaka 30 cm. Koma kuthirira, ndikofunikanso kuti madziwo asamayende m'nthaka, chifukwa mizu yake imakumana ndi vuto lalikulu. Madzi amanjenjemera, rhododendron imakhala chimodzimodzi monga nthawi yakusowa chinyontho, ndiye kuti, mapepala amafundidwa ndikutsitsidwa. Popewa kuthilira madzi, ndikofunikira kuthirira chitsamba m'nthawi yotentha monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse, koma chimafunika kuthira manyowa nthawi zambiri kuchokera kutsitsi, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa pamenepa.

Kudulira kwa Rhododendron

Popeza tchire nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenera, palibe chifukwa chodulira mwamphamvu. Monga lamulo, chomera chimafunikira kudulira ngati chitsamba chakhala chachitali kwambiri, ngati kudulira kotsutsa kumafunikira, kapena zimayambira zowonongeka ndi chisanu ziyenera kudulidwa.

Kodi malamulo odulira masamba achikale ndi ati? Kudulira kwa zimayambira kumachitika mchaka, pomwe muyenera kuzigwira Magawo pamata, omwe makulidwe ake amayambira 20 mpaka 40 mm, amafunikira kuwaza ndi var var ya m'munda. Kudzuka kwa masamba ogona pamitengo kumayambira pakatha milungu 4, nthawi yomweyo, kuyambira kwa kukonzanso, komwe kumatha chaka chonse. Ngati chitsamba chawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha chisanu kapena chakale, ndiye kuti chikufupikitsidwa mpaka mita 0,3-0.4, ndi theka la chitsamba chidadulidwa mchaka choyamba, chachiwiri m'chaka chotsatira.

Zomera zoterezi zili ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mchaka chimodzi maluwa awo ndi zipatso zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwake, pomwe chotsatira - chimabala zipatso ndi kutulutsa bwino kwambiri. Komabe, ma frequency awa akhoza kuwongoleredwa. Kuti tichite izi, maluwa atamaliza, ndikofunikira kutulutsa inflorescence yonse. Pankhaniyi, shrub imatsogolera mphamvu zonse zosungidwa ndi michere pakukhazikitsidwa kwa maluwa a nyengo ikubwerayi.

Rhododendron chowonjezera

Ngakhale zitsamba zobzalidwa munthawi ino zikufunika kudyetsedwa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba munyengo, mbewuyo imadyetsedwa koyambirira kwa nyengo yamasika, pomwe nthawi yomaliza ili kumapeto kwa Julayi, pomwe mbewuyo imazirala ndikukula kumayamba. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza amadzimadzi kudyetsa mbewuzi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ufa waminyanga ndi manyowa owola pang'ono. Kukonzekera feteleza wotere, manyowa ayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 15, ndiye kuti aziwazidulira kwa masiku angapo, zitatha izi atatha kudyetsa zitsamba. Asanadyetse rhododendron, iyenera kuthiriridwa bwino.

Zomera zotere zimafunikira dothi lokhala ndi asidi, mwakutero, musankhe feteleza wa mineral akhale zomwe sizisokoneza chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate, phosphate, potaziyamu nitrate ndi sulfate, ammonium sulfate, calcium sulfate ndi magnesium, pomwe mukutenga iwo mu ndende yofooka (1.2: 1000). Njira yothetsera feteleza wa potashi iyenera kukhala yofooka.

Ntchito ya feteleza:

kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, feteleza wa organic kapena mchere wokhala ndi nayitrogeni amawonjezeredwa, pomwe magalamu 50 a magnesium sulfate ndi muyeso wofanana wa ammonium sulfate amatengedwa pa 1 mita imodzi ya chiwembu;
m'masiku oyamba a Juni, pomwe mbewuyo imazirala, 20 magalamu a potaziyamu sulfate ndi superphosphate, komanso 40 magalamu a ammonium sulfate amawonjezeredwa pa 1 mita imodzi ya chiwembu;
kachitatu rhododendron adyetsedwa mu Julayi, pomwe 20 magalamu a potaziyamu sulfate ndi superphosphate amatengedwa pa 1 mita imodzi ya chiwembu.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Nthawi zambiri, mealybugs, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nthata za akangaude, nsikidzi, zofunda, ntchentche za Rhododendron, komanso njuchi ndi nkhono zimakhazikika pachitsamba ichi. Minyewa ya gastropod ikawoneka patchire, imayenera kusungidwa pamanja, ndipo chifukwa cha prophylactic, mmera umathiridwa ndi yankho la kukonzekera kwa fungicidal Tiram kapena TMTD (8%).

Ngati nsabwe za rhododendron, nthata za akangaude kapena zofunda zitakhazikika pa rhododendron, ndiye ziyenera kuthiridwa ndi Diazinon. Mwakutero, ma weevils akakhudzidwa, osati chitsamba chokha chimakonzedwa, komanso nthaka yapansi pake. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo tina tonse, Karbofos amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo muyenera kutsatira malangizo omwe akupatsidwayi.

Nthawi zambiri, mbewu yotere imadwala matenda oyamba ndi fungus, mwachitsanzo: khansa, dzimbiri, chlorosis kapena tsamba. Nthawi zambiri, matenda ngati awa amakhala chifukwa chosakwanira kwa mizu. Ikawonongeka ndi dzimbiri komanso malo owala, chitsamba chimayenera kuthiridwa madzi ndi kukonzekera kokhala ndi mkuwa, mwachitsanzo, osakaniza a Bordeaux. Pankhani ya chlorosis, chitsamba chimasintha mtundu wake kukhala wachikasu, pamenepa, ndikofunikira kuthira chelate chachitsulo m'madzi kuthirira. Ngati rhododendron akudwala ndi khansa, ndiye kuti zimayambira ziyenera kudulidwanso minofu yathanzi kapena kuchotseratu. Popewa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, tchire liyenera kuthiridwa ndi msanganizo wa Bordeaux.

Kubwezeretsa kwa Rhododendron

Chomera chimatha kufalitsidwa ndi njere kapena njira zaudzu: kuyika, kumalumikiza, kugawa chitsamba ndi kudula. Njira yofulumira komanso yosavuta yofalitsira mbewu yotereyi ndi kuyala.

Mbewu

Pofesa mbewu, gwiritsani ntchito mbale zomwe zodzazidwa ndi peat yonyowa kapena dothi la heather losakanikirana ndi mchenga (3: 1). Mbewuzo zikafesedwa, zimawazidwa pamwamba ndi mchenga, zomwe zimayenera kutsukidwa. Pamwamba pa thanki muyenera kuphimba ndi galasi, kenako ndikusunthidwa kumalo abwino. Mbewu ziyenera kuthiriridwa munthawi yake, mpweya wokwanira tsiku lililonse, ndipo condensate ziyenera kuchotsedwa pagalasi nthawi zonse. Monga lamulo, mbande zoyambirira zimawonekera patatha masiku 30. Mbewu zikapanga ma tsamba enieni a masamba, adzafunika kubzalidwe momasuka pogwiritsa ntchito masentimita 2x3. Ikani chonde, mbande ziyenera kuthandizidwanso pamodzi ndi cotyledon, imapanga mizu yolimba. Mbande mchaka choyamba cha moyo ziyenera kukhala zokulirapo mu wowonjezera kutentha. M'chaka chachiwiri, mbande ziyenera kuthandizidwa kuziika dothi losavomerezeka pamabedi ophunzirira ndi dimba la m'munda lophatikizidwa ndi peat ndi mchenga wambiri. Mbeu zotere zimadziwika ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono. Maluwa awo oyamba amatha kuwonekera kwa zaka 6-8 zokha.

Kudula

Kudula ndi njira yovuta kuiberekera. Zokolola zodula gwiritsani ntchito zimayambira pang'ono. Kutalika kwa zodula kumatha kukhala 50 mpaka 80 mm. Masamba otsika okhala ndi masamba osadulidwa ayenera kudulidwa. Pankhaniyi, zigawo zam'munsi ziyenera kumizidwa mu yankho la chida cholimbikitsa mizu (mwachitsanzo, heteroauxin) kwa maola 12-16. Kenako chidebe pamwambapa chimakutidwa ndi utoto wowonekera. Kudula mizu ndi njira yayitali komanso yovuta. Chifukwa chake, kuzomera kwa mitundu yobiriwira nthawi zonse kumatenga miyezi itatu mpaka 4,5, ndipo ndikutha - milungu 6. Pakukula, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa m'mabokosi odzaza ndi gawo lapansi lophatikizana ndi singano za paini ndi peat (1: 2). M'nthawi yachisanu, zodulidwazo ziyenera kukhala chogona komanso chopanda bwino (kuyambira madigiri 8 mpaka 12). Ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika, bokosi lokhala ndi zodulira liyenera kuyikidwa m'mundamo. Amadzakulanso zaka 1 kapena 2, zitatha izi kuti zodulidwazo zitha kuzikagika kumalo okhazikika.

Zimabweretsa

Njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yachilengedwe yofalitsira chikhalidwe ichi ndi kukumba kwa zigawo. Chapakatikati, muyenera kusankha wachinyamata wofikira kukula wowombera, ayenera kuwumbika ndikuyika mu poyambira okonzeka, kuya kwake komwe kuyenera kukhala osachepera 15 cm. Gawo lapakati pa tsinde liyenera kukhazikika poyambira, kupinira. Kenako, poyambilira mumadzaza dothi lolumikizidwa ndi peat. Tsinde la tsinde lomwe likhala pamwamba liyenera kulumikizidwa ndi msomali wokhazikika. Mukathirira chitsamba pachokha, munthu asaiwale kupukutira ndikugawa. Mu nthawi yophukira, kapena ndikutuluka kwa nyengo yamawa, zodulidwa ziyenera kudulidwa kuchokera kwa chomera cha kholo ndikubzala m'malo okhazikika. Njira iyi ndi yabwino pofalitsa decoduous rhododendron.

Rhododendron pambuyo maluwa

Chisamaliro cha Autumn

Ngati chilala chimawonedwa m'dzinja, ndiye kuti rhododendron ifunika kuthirira nthawi zonse, motero malita a madzi okwanira 10-12 amathiriridwa pansi pa chitsamba chimodzi. Ngati mvula mwadongosolo imawonedwa m'dzinja, ndiye kuti mbewu zotere siziyenera kuthirira. Mwezi wa Novembala, mizu ya tchire iyenera kutimbidwa, chifukwa pamtondo wozungulira mtengowo uyenera kuzikika ndi danga la peat.

Zisanu

Ngati rhododendron wakula pakati lat latension, ndiye pambuyo woyamba chisanu tchire liyenera kukhala lina. Kuti muchite izi, pakati pa nthambi zamasamba, nthambi za pine kapena spruce zimaponyedwa, ndipo chitsamba chokhachokha chimakoka pamodzi ndi twine. Kenako iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi burlap. Chotsani matumba pazomera ziyenera kukhala kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yotentha isanasungunuke, ndikusankha tsiku lamitambo. Ngati rhododendron imalimidwa mdera lomwe limakhala lotentha bwino, ndiye kuti silifunikira malo ogona nthawi yachisanu.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya ma rhododendrons okhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu ya Rhododendron. Pansipa tifotokozapo mitundu yomwe imalimidwa ndi wamaluwa, komanso mitundu yotchuka yam'munda.

Rhododendron Daurian (Rhododendron dahuricum)

Pansi pazachilengedwe, mtunduwu umapezeka pamiyala ndi m'nkhalango zachilengedwe za kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, Siberia yaku Eastern, Primorsky Krai, Korea ndi Northern Mongolia. Chitsamba chobiriwira chamtunduwu chapakati chimakhala chokhala ndi nthambi zambiri, kutalika kwake kumatha kutalika kuyambira 200 mpaka 400. Mtundu wa khungwa ndi imvi. Nthambi zimatsogozedwa. Mphukira zofiirira zofiirira zofiirira pafupi ndi nsongazo zimakhala ndi pubescence, womwe ndi mulu waufupi. Kutalika kwa mapepala ang'onoang'ono achikopa ndi pafupifupi mamilimita 30, kutsogolo kwawo kumakhala kosalala, ndipo mkati ndi kansalu. Mtundu wa masamba ang'onoang'ono ndiwowoneka wobiriwira, ndipo patapita nthawi amakhala wobiriwira wakuda, m'dzinja amasintha ofiira kapena obiriwira. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la masamba lomwe limawuluka mozungulira. Maluwa amakhala opusa ndipo amatha masiku 20. Maluwa amatulutsa masamba asanatseguke. Akuluakulu, ali ndi mawonekedwe amoto, utoto wofiirira, ndipo m'mimba mwake amafika 40 mm. M'dzinja, kuphukira mobwerezabwereza nthawi zina kumawonedwa. Mtunduwu umagwirizana kwambiri ndi chisanu, komanso umaberekanso bwino kudulidwa kobiriwira. Pali mitundu iwiri:

mawonekedwe obiriwira nthawi zonse - mtundu wa masambawo ndi wobiriwira wakuda, ndipo maluwawo ndi a utoto wa lilac;
mbewu yamphukira yoyambirira - chomera chotsika mtengo ichi chimaphuka bwino kwambiri, maluwa kudutsa 50 mm, amatsegula kwambiri ndipo penti ya utoto wofiirira wofiirira, mawonekedwe awa samakhala ozizira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu yayikulu.

Rhododendron adamsii

Chitsamba chobiriwirachi chimamera pathanthwe komanso m'nkhalango zam'mapiri a Far East, komanso kumapeto kwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Tibet. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chanthete kumatha kufika masentimita 50. Pamaso pa mphukira pamakhala kupindika, kokhala mulu wa glandular. Masamba obiriwira amtundu wobiriwira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe obisika-elliptical kutalika ndi mulifupi amatha kufikira 20 mm. Kutsogolo kwawo kulibe kanthu, ndipo kumbali yolakwika pali masikelo, chifukwa chomwe imakhala ndi utoto wofiira. Zikopa zimakhala ndi maluwa 7-15, ofika 15 mm kudutsa; Mtunduwu walembedwa mu Buku Lofiira la Buryatia.

Japan Rhododendron (Rhododendron japonicum)

Dziko lokhalamo mitunduyi ndi Japan, kapena, chilumba cha Honshu, komwe limakonda kumera pamapiri otentha. Mtunduwu ndi amodzi mwa ma rhododendrons okongola kwambiri. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chofalikira kumatha kufika masentimita 200. Mapesi ndi opanda kapena zopindika za siliva zimapezeka pansi. Masamba obiriwira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe obisika-lanceolate, ndipo kutsogoloku kumakhala kufupika kwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwake. Mu nthawi yophukira, masamba amasandulika red-lalanje. Maburashiwo amakhala ndi maluwa 6-onunkhira ngati belu, kufika 80 mm kudutsa ndikukhala ndi utoto wofiira kapena wa lalanje. Mwa mitundu yonse yobzalidwa chapakatikati, mitunduyi ndi yokongola kwambiri. Imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu, komanso kufalitsa bwino bwino mbeu ndi kudula.

Caucasian Rhododendron (Rhododendron caucasicum)

Mwachilengedwe, mtunduwu umapezeka ku Caucasus. Chitsamba sichitali kwambirichi chomwe chimakhala chomata nthawi zonse, pomwe nthambi zake zimakwawa. Masamba obiriwira amtundu wakuda, omwe amakhala pamtunda wautali wa petioles, ali ndi mawonekedwe owundana. Kutsogolo kwawo kulibe kanthu, ndipo mkatimo mumawoneka ofiira. Pazovala zokhala ndi ubweya ndi maburashi okhala ndi maluwa onunkhira 8-10 okhala ndi mawonekedwe okhala ngati belu ndi utoto wobiriwira, mawanga obiriwira ali mkati mwa pharynx. Mitundu yokongoletsa:

pinki-yoyera - maluwa ayamba kale kuposa mitundu yayikulu;
wanzeru - mtundu wa maluwa ndi pinki yakuda;
chikasu chagolide - pamtunda wamaluwa achikasu pali kansalu kobiriwira;
Udzu wachikasu - mawanga ofiira owala amapezeka padziko la maluwa achikasu.

Komanso, alimi amalima mitundu monga: Albrecht's rhododendron, Atlantic, Vasaia, holoflora, treelike, chikasu, ouma khosi, kumadzulo, golide, India, Kamchatka, Canadian, Caroline, Carpathian, carpal, gooey, wokhala ndi zipatso zazifupi, kufalikira, kukula, masamba , Lapland, Ledebour, yaying'ono-leaved, marigold, sea-buckthorn, spiky, wandiweyani, Pontic, wokongola, Bukhan, dzimbiri, chimodzimodzi wamtali, pinki, Sikhotin, slaly, blunt, mizu, Yakushima ndi ena

Rhododendron Zophatikiza

Izi zimaphatikizapo ma hybrids ndi mbewu zomwe zimalimidwa ndi wamaluwa. Hybrid Rhododendron ndi munda Rhododendron. Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyotchuka kwambiri:

Wokulima waku Germany. Mitunduyi idapezeka podutsa Katevbinsky rhododendron ndi Everestin. Chitsamba chobiriwira ichi chimafika kutalika kwa 1.2 m.Danga lake laling'ono ndi lalitali masentimita 150. Magawo a masamba obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe obisika. Mitengo yowonda kwambiri imakhala ndi maluwa 15 mpaka 20 a mtundu wolemera wofiirira, womwe umakhala ndi malo obiriwira achikaso awiri otalika kufika 60 mm.
Mtundu Wosiyanasiyana wa Peter. Inadziwitsidwa podutsa Pontic rhododendron. Chitsamba chimafikira kutalika kwambiri kuposa masentimita 150. Korona wakuthengo ali ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 200. M'lifupi, maluwa abuluu wamtambo amafika 60 mm, ali ndi m'mphepete, ndipo kumtunda kwa petal pamakhala chidutswa cha utoto wakuda.
Jackson. Mtundu wa Chingerezi uwu unapezeka podutsa Caucasian rhododendron ndi mitundu ya Nobleanum. Kutalika kwa the shrub kuli pafupifupi masentimita 200, ndipo pamtanda korona wake umafikira pafupifupi 300. Pali mawonekedwe opindika, kutalika kwake sikupita mamita 0.8 Ma pepala amtundu wachikopa amakhala ndi matte obiriwira kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwa bulauni. Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa 8-12, omwe ndi pinki pakatsegulidwa, kenako amasintha kukhala oyera, ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda pamtunda umodzi.
Rose Marie. Mitundu ya Czech, yomwe imapezeka ndikudutsa ma Rhododendron okongola ndi Pinki Pearl. Chitsamba chimafikira kutalika kwa 1.2 m ndipo chidutswa cha korona ndi masentimita 150. Masamba a chikopa ali ndi mawonekedwe obowola, pamaso poyera ali ndi zokutira sera, ndipo yolakwika imakhala yobiriwira-buluu, yonyezimira. M'mphepete mwa malalawo amajambulidwa utoto wapinki, womwe pakati umasinthidwa ndi pinki yakuya komanso tint yofiirira. Makulidwe ozungulira okhala ndi maluwa 6-14.
Nova Zembla. Wosakanizidwa Wachi Dutch uyu anali wowuma podutsa Rhododendron waku Katevbinsky ndi Perse Gloriosum. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kuli pafupifupi masentimita 300, ndipo korona wotayirira mu girth amafika pafupifupi masentimita 350. Zimayambira zimakula pafupifupi. Ma plates a chikopa a glossy ndi akulu kwambiri. Mitengo yowonda kwambiri imakhala ndi maluwa akulu akulu a 10-12, ofika 60 mm kudutsa, ali ndi utoto wofiirira komanso amakhala ndi chidutswa chakuda.
Cunningham. Chilima choterechi cha ku Scotland ndichipembedzo chotchuka cha ku Caucasian rhododendron. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi 200 cm, ndipo korona m'mimba mwake amafika masentimita 150. Kutalika kwa masamba obiriwira amtundu wachikopa ndi 60 mm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 30 mm. Mitengo yowonda kwambiri imakhala ndi maluwa oyera 10, pamwamba pake pali kachikasu.

Rhododendron m'matawuni

Omwe alimi ambiri osachita bwino, atawona zokongola za Rhododendron pa chithunzichi, asankha kukongoletsa chiwembu chawo cha mundawo ndi chilichonse. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, atagula ndi kubzala chitsamba cholakalaka chija, wosamalira mundawo akuwona kuti Rhododendron wake siwokongola monga momwe amayembekezera, ndipo pambali pake, pang'onopang'ono amafota ndikufa. Chifukwa chake, olima munda ambiri akudandaula ngati zingatheke kulima bwino chitsamba chotentha choterechi m'maderamo? Ndipo pazonse, kodi ndizotheka kukulitsa mbewu pamtunda wamtunda wachilendo kwa izo? Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, ndiye kuti ndizotheka.

Zikuwonekera pamtunda wapansi panthaka

Choyamba, muyenera kusankha mitundu yoyenera yomwe ingakhalebe miyezi yozizira kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitundu yokonda kutentha ndi mitundu, ngakhale itaphimbidwa bwino, imakhalabe yozizira nthawi yachisanu. Mitundu yovunda ndiyabwino kwambiri kukula m'mikhalidwe yotere: Japan Rhododendron, chikasu, Schlippenbach, Vasaia, Canada, Kamchatka, ndi Bukhan. Mwa semi-evergreen, mutha kusankha rhedodendron ya Ledebour. Zilimidwe pakatikati patali kuyambira kumtundu wobiriwira nthawi zonse, mtundu wa Ketevba rhododendron (komanso nzimbe zake Alfred, Abraham Lincoln, Nova Zembla, Cunningham White), wazipatso zazitali, golide, wamkulu komanso rhododendron Smirnova ndi ma hybrids a Gabriel, Dorothy Swift ndi oyenera. Opanga akuFinishi posachedwa apeza mitundu yosagwirizana ndi nyengo yozizira ya Elvira, The Hague, Mikkeli. Ma hybrids a Gulu Lakuwala Lakuwala a Rosie, Kuwala kwa Pinki, Kuwala kwa Zonunkhira ndi ena kumathandiziranso nyengo yozizira yamatalikidwe apakati.

Malamulo akumalo

Kugula mmera woyenera sikokwanira, kuyenera kubzalidwa moyenera:

Kubzala kumachitika mchaka. Malowa azikhala mthunzi wocheperako, ndipo mtunda pakati pa mmera ndi chomera chilichonse uzikhala osachepera 100 cm.
Podzala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tithe kugula dothi losakaniza mwapadera. Ngati mungafune, zitha kuchitika kunyumba, chifukwa mungafunike singano, nthaka yamaluwa ndi peat. Feteleza wophatikizira wa michere uyenera kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka.
Kukula kwa dzenje lobzala kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo kangapo kuposa chidebe chomwe mbewuyo ili. Ngati dothi ndi dongo, ndiye kuti pansi pa dzenjapo mungafunike kupanga dope labwino lokwanira njerwa zosweka, makulidwe ake akhale pafupifupi masentimita 15.
Mutabzala, khosi mizu ya mbeuyo liyenera kukhala lofanana ndi lidebe.
Chomera chobzalidwa chimafuna kuthirira kwambiri.

Maonekedwe a chisamaliro m'madera apansi panthaka

Kusamalira ma Rhododendron obzalidwa m'ma latitude ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi mbewu zomwe zimalidwa m'zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yofunda. Komabe, pali kusiyana zingapo. Malamulo akusamalira:

Podzala, nthaka ya humus iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. M'malo omwe mizu imalowetsa michere, sipayenera kukhala phulusa lamatabwa, dolomite, laimu ndi zina zina zomwe zingapangitse nthaka.
Pamwamba pa bwalo la thunthu liyenera kukhala lokutidwa ndi mulch mosalephera. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa, chifukwa cha mizu yopingidwa bwino, kumasula ndi kukumba dothi lozungulira chomera sikuletsedwa.
Chapakatikati, tchire liyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Kwa izi, choko, mauna kapena nsalu ndizoyenera.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha njira yoyenera yothirira. Chomera chiyenera kulandira chinyezi chambiri monga chikufunikira. Pakatentha nthawi yotentha, shrub iyenera kuthiriridwa katatu m'masiku 7. Ngati m'dzinja mumakhala mvula komanso nyengo yotentha, ndiye kuti mphukira zazing'ono zimayamba kumera tchire, koma sizimafa nthawi yozizira komanso kufa. Popewa kutsekula kwa tsinde, chitsamba chikuyenera kuthiridwa mankhwala osakanikirana ndi njira ya monophosphate kapena potaziyamu (1%) ndikuchita izi patsiku louma. Izi zidzatsogolera kuyimitsidwa kwa kukula, komanso kukondoweza kwa kuphatikizika kwa zimayambira ndikuyika masamba a nyengo yamawa. Chitsamba chikatha kukonzedwa, kuthirira konse kuyenera kuyimitsidwa, ngakhale kuli chilala ndi kutentha.
Ngati mukuopa kuti tchire lingawonongeke ndi chisanu nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti liyenera kuphimbidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, chimango chachitsulo chimayikidwa pafupi ndi chitsamba. Iyenera kumakulungidwa ndi spanbond, yomwe imakhazikika ndi zingwe.

Zothandiza zimatha rhododendron

Rhododendron ndi chomera chokongola kwambiri, komanso chili ndi zinthu zochiritsa zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zambiri zodziwika ngati mankhwala. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mitundu ya Rhododendron Daurian, golide, Adams, Caucasian kumaphatikizapo andromedotoxin, ericoline, arbutin ndi rhododendrin. Masamba ali ndi ascorbic acid, pomwe nthawi yachilimwe kumera kwake chomera ndichabwino kwambiri. Chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa muzomera zotere, zimasiyanasiyana mu analgesic, sedative, antipyretic, antibacterial ndi diaphoretic. Amathandizanso kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo m'thupi, kuthetsa edema, kupuma movutikira, palpitations, kuwonjezera ntchito zamtima, komanso kuchepetsa venous ndi magazi.

Koma siziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti mbewu iyi ndiyopanda vuto lililonse. Zinthu zopangidwa pamaziko a rhododendron siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la impso komanso minofu necrosis, komanso azimayi oyembekezera komanso oyamwitsa. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti muyambe mukaonana ndi katswiri musanatenge mankhwala koyamba.