Strawberry, kapena monga momwe amatchulidwabe kuti - dimba sitiroberi - ndiye kutsogoleredwa kwamabulosi m'minda yayitali kwa zaka zambiri. Chaka chilichonse amakangana pamutu wa mabulosi woyamba a nyengo ndi honeysuckle, koma muyenera kuvomereza, kodi honeysuckle imadzitamandira kukongola kotere ndi mabulosi a sitiroberi, kulawa koteroko, kukongola pamilomo ya msungwana wokongola? Zachidziwikire kuti sichoncho, chifukwa chake wopindika, wokhala ndi mafupa okonzeka kukanikizika pakamwa lililonse, kapenanso kamkamwa kamene kamauma, kayamba kugunda, kapena kamenyedwe ndi golide, sikangafananitsidwe ndi sitiroberi - mfumukazi ya zipatso.
Strawberry, kapena Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa)Kuphatikiza pa kulawa, sitiroberi ndizothandiza kwambiri: imakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri, ndipo aliyense, ngakhale wopanda pake kwambiri, mwana amasangalala ndi kirimu wowawasa ndi shuga. Amati rasipiberi kapena mandimu amakuchiritsani ndi chimfine, mankhwala a actinidia ndi dogrose ali ndi vitamini C. Ndipo ngati mukumva kuti mukudwala pang'ono, yesani kulawa seagull wokhala ndi zipatso za sitiroberi, zimakhala zosavuta kwa inu m'mawa, koma chachikulu ndichakuti ndi zabwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, mu sitiroberi pali kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa folic acid, apa, zikuwoneka kuti, atsogoleri omwe akulozera izi ndi mphesa ndi rasipiberi. Kudya sitiroberi, simudzakumana ndi matumbo, kulimbitsa chitetezo chanu komanso kuyeretsa makhoma a m'mitsempha yamagazi yanu.
Strawberry pafupifupi mabulosi okha omwe amabzalidwa padziko lonse lapansi lathuli ndipo m'malo odyera aliwonse mutha kupatsidwa gawo la zipatsozi ndi zonona.
Chosangalatsa ndichomwe chimawoneka, South America imaganiziridwa kuti ndiwo malo obadwira sitiroberi, chinali kuchokera komweko chomwe chimafalikira kudera lonse, ndipo pafupifupi wozunza aliyense yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito mabulosiwa adadziwika ndi mitundu yake kapena mtundu wina wosankhidwa, ndiye kuti mbewu iliyonse idadziwika china chachilendo komanso chachikulu, koma si aliyense amene wawapatsa dziko lapansi.
Zachidziwikire, chifukwa cha kukongola, chithumwa komanso chakudya chochuluka kwambiri pamayenera kulipira ndalama. Zimachitika kuti pamalo omwewo ndi mlimi yemweyo, sitiroberi mwadzidzidzi popanda chifukwa amayamba kutaya shuga, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale owawa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kukoma kwamadzi, ndi kukoma kowawasa. Ndiye zingakhale chiyani ndikuwongolera zinthu m'njira yoti izi zisadzachitikirenso wina?
Poyamba, tiyeni tiwone mitundu: kodi mlimi akulondola, kodi adalakwitsa pakuwoka minda yazomera; Koma malo ake akuyenera kusinthidwa osachepera zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo alimi odziwa ntchito amati zaka zinayi zilizonse.
Tiloleni titembenukire ku State Register, tsopano ili ndi mitundu 85 ya sitiroberi, komwe kukoma kotsatirako kumakhala ndi izi: Bogota, Torpeda, Rusich, Khibiny Kukongola, Rosinka, Bohemia, Zaluchevskaya, Cgele, Toros, Viola, Geyser, Elsanta, Elizaveta 2, Zenkara, Kubata , Vima Rina, Duet, Lyubasha, Coquette, Bogdalena, Pokrovskaya, Bereginya, Barabinskaya, Vima Kimberly, Nelly, Bersenevskaya, Sadovospasskaya, Yoshkarolinka, Lyubava, Portola, Dengu labwino, Snow White, Crimea koyambilira, Crimea 87 Tsar, Yoelyol Zida zoyesera moto, Kuperekera Relay, Sudarushka, Kalinka, Kututa ynaya TSGL, Orlets ndi 50 October.
Mutha kuzolowera ndikufotokozera mitundu yatsopano komanso yabwinobwino ya sitiroberi (chinanazi kapena sitiroberi yam'munda) muzinthu zathu "Strawberries - mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yomwe sifunikira kuyika pafupipafupi" ndi "Strawberries - mitundu yatsopano".
Masamba a Strawberry pachisamba.
Monga mukuwonera, kusankha kwa mitundu ya ndiwo zamasamba, kumakhala kowerengera kwake kwa 4.5 kapena kupitirira, komwe kumawerengedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro chokwanira, ndikookulirapo, ndiye kuti, pali zambiri zoti musankhe, ndipo ngati chimodzi mwazinthu izi zimakula pamalowo, ndiye kuti chimakoma kwambiri Zipatso ziyenera kuperekedwa, koma, tsoka, sizili choncho nthawi zonse.
Chifukwa choti ngakhale mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya sitiroberi, yomwe kukoma kwake kumavoteledwa kwambiri, zipatsozo zimatha kuphatikiza kapena kukhala ndikulumwa wowawasa, zitha kukhala chinyezi, kapena m'malo mwake, kuthirira, osadziwika kapena zolakwika. Zachidziwikire, sitimakhala otetezeka ku mvula yamvula yotentha, imatha kuthilira tsiku lonse, ndipo monga mukudziwa, nthawi yakucha kwa sitiroberi imagwa mchaka, ndipo ikagwa mvula nthawi imeneyi, izi sizabwino pokhapokha ngati sizingachitike zochuluka kwambiri, ndipo ndizambiri. Chifukwa chake, chinyezi chowonjezera chimatha kuyipitsa kununkhira kwa sitiroberi zam'munda, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yatsopano. Kuchokera pakuwonjezera chinyezi, zipatsozo zimakhala zamadzimadzi, zotsekemera (zomwe ndi shuga) zimasungunuka mu unyinji wa mwana wosabadwayo ndipo zikamalizidwa sizipsa. Nthawi zina kukoma kwa sitiroberi komwe kumasefukira ndi madzi kumakhala kowawa, koma izi ndizochulukirapo kuposa izi.
Kukoma, kapena kukoma kwa sitiroberi, amathanso kukhudzidwa ndi kuyika kwa mabedi. M'mafamu akulu, nthawi zonse amayang'aniridwa mosamalitsa, ndipo m'makola athu am'minda yamaluwa masamba angapo mabedi omwewo akhoza kuyikitsidwa pamtunda wina, chifukwa bedi limodzi lokhala ndi malo omwewo limakhala pamalo owala bwino, lina - mwakuwonekera. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti pakuwala kwa sitiroberi amasonkhanitsa shuga ochulukirapo, kotero zokonda za mitundu imodzimodzi, ngati zikukula m'magawo osiyanasiyana ngakhale m'munda umodzi, zingasiyane - mabulosi omwe adakula mumtambo sangakhale wokoma. Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta za zinthu zosasangalatsa, kuphatikiza kwa zochitika, zitha kuwoneka motere: madera omwe amawunikira ndikutenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa, ngakhale chinyezi chambiri chimatha kutuluka ndikuwubweretsa nthaka pafupi ndi zabwinobwino, koma masamba a mabulosi omwe amakula pang'ono kapena mthunzi, Kalanga, sizingatheke kuchita izi, ndiye kuti chinyezi chowonjezera chidzakhudzanso kukoma.
Moyenerera, kuti kukoma kwa mitundu ya sitiroberi kuonekere monga zalengezedwa m'boma la State, sitiroberi ayenera kukhala osachepera maola asanu ndi atatu pansi pa nthaka, ndipo nthaka pansi pake siyenera kukhala yochulukirapo, koma yothinitsidwa pang'ono (kuthirira kothirira).
Timapitilizabe - dothi: kukoma kwa sitiroberi nthawi zina kumadalira mtundu wa dothi, ngakhale mitundu yomweyi imakula m'malo osiyanasiyana. M'malo mwake, popanda nthabwala - pamtunda wina sitiroberi limakhala lokoma ngati uchi, ndipo linzake lokhala ndi kuwonekera kosawoneka bwino.
Chifukwa china, panjira, ndizofala pakati pa okhalamo m'chilimwe: amabzala chitsamba chawo cha fodya chomwe amakonda. Zikuwonekeratu kuti nthawi yabwino chitsamba chimakhala chakale kwambiri kotero kuti chimatha kusiyanitsa kukoma kwa wokhalamo chilimwe, kukhala chatsopano. Kachitidwe kakale ka mizu, zikuwoneka, sikukwaniranso momwe zinthu zimapangidwira, ndipo sizokwanira zonse zofunikira za michere kuti zikhale bwino. Belu loyamba lomwe majeremusi posachedwa samakhala kukoma kwenikweni ndikusintha kukula - poyamba amakhala ochepa.
Zachisoni, ngakhale zitsamba zingapo za sitiroberi zomwe zimamera m'khola lanu lotentha, osachepera zaka zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi, ziyenera kukonzedwanso zatsopano, kuzitenga masharubu kwa iwo kapena kugula mbewu zatsopano (zilibe kanthu kuti zikonzenso) adzafika pamalo abwino okhala ndi zopatsa thanzi, zonyowa komanso zonyowa bwino.
Kuti mumve zambiri za momwe mungakulitsire manyowa komanso mtundu wa mbewu zomwe zingafunikire, werengani zinthu zathu, "Zomwe mungachite posamalira sitiroberi zamtchire" ndi "Kodi mungasamalire bwanji sitiroberi mukakolola?"
Ndiye tiyeni tibwererenso. Zotsatira zake, ife, tonse, tidapeza zifukwa zomwe sitiroberi timatha kutsekemera.
Zipatso za sitiroberi, kapena masamba a chinanazi (Fragaria × ananassa)Zoyambitsa za Strawberry Sweets Kutayika
Chifukwa choyamba - cholakwika ndi mitundu ya sitiroberi, wosamalira mundawo, posamutsa chophatikiza chake, corny adasakaniza mitunduyo ndipo tsopano mitunduyo, yomwe akukhulupirira kuti iyenera kukhala yokoma, tsoka, "yataya" kukoma kwake. Kutsiliza: posamutsa chopereka muyenera kusamala kwambiri momwe mungathere ndipo nthawi zonse kusaina mitundu.
Chifukwa chachiwiri - nthawi yayitali yokula. Mu malo amodzi, sitiroberi akhala akukulira kwa zaka zopitilira 6, tchire ndi zachikale, mizu yawo idatha, ndipo sangathe kupereka zipatso zakale za zipatsozi.
Chifukwa atatu - chinyezi chambiri m'deralo: ngati mvula ivumba, ndiye kuti, simuyenera kuimba mlandu, koma nthawi zambiri mumatha kumasula dothi kuti nthaka isakokoloke, ndipo chinyontho chimatuluka mofulumira. M'malo mwake, mutha kuchita chimodzimodzi ndi kuthirira kwambiri kwa tsamba.
Chifukwa chake ndi kotala ndi dothi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mabulosi amangochita dothi lokondweretsa komanso dothi labwino, nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa pang'ono (pH 5.5-6.0). Ngati mungazindikire kuti chaka chino kukoma kwa sitiroberi sikufanana ndi mtundu wina uliwonse wopanda shuga, ndiye kuti mudyetseninso kasupe wotsatira ndi kompositi wofanana ndi mchenga wamtsinje, kenako thirirani nthaka bwino. Ikuwoneka ngati yaying'ono, ndipo simungayiwerenge ngati zovala zapamwamba, koma zipatsozo zimadzakhala zokoma komanso zokulirapo, ndithudi, ngati nthaka ndiyatsopano.
Chifukwa zisanu - Uku ndiko kutalika kwa mabedi. Ngati tsamba lanu silikusiyana, likuyimira malo otsetsereka kapena angapo osakhazikika, ndiye kuti mutha kungopanga mabedi okwera, ndikuwasanjika, ndikupeza zipatso zokhazikika kwa iwo.
Chifukwa Chachisanu ndi chimodzi - malo olakwika a mabedi. Zomera za sitiroberi ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti mbewu zimayatsidwa kwa maola osachepera asanu ndi atatu patsiku. Kufunda ndi kuwalitsa kochulukirapo ndizinthu ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukoma kwa zipatso.
Kubzala sitiroberi zam'mundaChifukwa 7 - zophatikizika. Wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amayesa kusunga malo ambiri momwe angathere pamalowo, chifukwa chake amabzala mbewu zazitali m'mabedi. Koma sitiroberi timakonda ufulu ndipo, chifukwa chopitilira kukula, ndikofunikira kuti ipereke malo ambiri. Nthawi zambiri zitsamba zobzalidwa pachiwembu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yokhazikitsidwa mraba; pafupifupi, mtunda pakati pa tchire ndi masentimita 30, ndipo pakati pa mizere - 45-50 masentimita. Ngati minda itapendekeka, zipatsozo zimakhala zochepa kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukhala zatsopano chifukwa mbewuzo padzakhala mphamvu zokwanira.
Chifukwa eyiti - tchire wopanda udyo. Mukabzala mbewu pamalowo, onetsetsani kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino, zinthu monga nkhungu, zowola ndi zovuta zina sizovomerezeka m'mbewu, zimatha kubweretsa zipatso komanso kutsika kwa zipatso.
Chifukwa 9 - Palibe nthawi yabwino yoyenera. Aliyense amadziwa kuti mabulosi a mitengo yabwino amabzala mu Ogasiti, koma pazifukwa zina amabzalidwa atafuna. Kumbukirani, choyenera kwambiri ndikudzala zitsamba mu Ogasiti, nthawi yomwe amakwanitsa kupanga mizu yodzala mizu. Ngati ndinu okhalamo nyengo yozizira, ndiye nyengo yozizira, onetsetsani kuti mulch nthaka. Kenako tchire lidzapulumuka nthawi yozizira, ndipo zipatso zake zimakhala zokoma - izi zidzatsimikiziridwa.
Chifukwa khumi - fulumira. Osathamangira kuti mupeze zipatso zambiri chaka choyamba mutabzala sitiroberi chakumapeto. Lolani mbewu kuti zikule bwino ndikupeza mphamvu munyengo yoyamba kuti ndikupatseni zipatso zokoma ndi zotsekemera.
Chifukwa khumi ndi chimodzi - kutchetcha. Nthawi zambiri kugwa, wamaluwa wokhala ndi buku laling'ono limangotchetcha masamba kuchokera pamalowo, kuti muwononge malo omwe akukula, kusintha kumatha kuyamba komwe kukuchititsa kuwonongeka kwa sitiroberi, chifukwa chake yesani kuphatikiza masamba ndi tsamba ndi mano ang'ono.
