Popanda bedi la adyo ndizovuta kulingalira dimba lomera. Garlic moyenerera amatchedwa antiotic antiotic, antifungal agent, ndi dokotala wowerengeka. Ndipo chisamaliro cha adyo sichitenga mphamvu zambiri ndi nthawi ya chilimwe kwa olima.
Kufesa adyo (Allium sativum)Garlic ndi a gulu la osatha a banja la amaryllis. Mtundu wa asayansi wa adyo ndi "Kufesa anyezi", "Kufesa adyo" (Allium sativum), nthawi zambiri - "anyezi-adyo." M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, mbewu ya masamba yomweyi imangotchedwa adyo.
Kulima adyo kunayamba zaka zopitilira 5,000 zapitazo, malinga ndi maulalo osiyanasiyana, ku Egypt, komwe chikhalidwechi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kuchipatala. Garlic adaphatikizidwa muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za ogwira ntchito omwe amapanga mapiramidi a ku Egypt. Kwa othamanga achi Greek, otenga nawo mbali pa Masewera a Olimpiki oyambilira, adyo adakhala ngati mtundu wa steroid, komanso kwa asitikali achi Greek monga mphamvu yolimbikitsira. Zolemba zoyambirira za Pasteur zidatchula mitundu 23 ya mabakiteriya, kuphatikizapo staphylococci, salmonella, yemwe wakupha wake wankhanza anali adyo.
Anthu, kwanthawi yoyamba ataphunzira chinsinsi cha kuchiritsa matenda ambiri ndi kukonzekera kwa adyo, sanatenge gawo ili.
Makhalidwe ake a adyo
Mizu ya adyo ndi yopukutira, koma mizu payokha imatha kufikira mita. Tsinde lalitali ndi labodza, lopangidwa ndi masamba a masamba. Zomera zikamakula, mbali yam'munsi ya tsamba limakulirakulira ndikuyamba kukhala yamafuta. Makala ena akunja, kuyanika, amasandulika kukhala mamba ophatikizika a babu. Chifukwa chakufupika kwambiri, thunthu loona la adyo lidzayendetsedwa pansi. Pamiyesoyo muli masikelo amiyendo, mano, otsekedwa pamwamba ndi miyeso yokhazikika. Mkati mwa dzino muli impso yokhala ndi mfundo imodzi kapena ziwiri zokulirapo ndi masamba osalala. Pambuyo pakupuma, mano amakula kukhala chomera chatsopano. Ma chive amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya komanso ngati chomera popizira zipatso.
Inflorescence ya adyo ndi ambulera yosavuta, yomwe ili pachikuto chozungulira maluwa kuchokera pa 0.5 mpaka 1.5 m wamtali, womwe umatchedwa muvi. Mu inflorescence, maluwa osabala ndi ma bulbs air (mababu) amakula, omwe, malinga ndi mitundu, amachokera pazidutswa 10 mpaka 500. Mtengo wonse wa adyo umaphimbidwa ndi chivundikiro chokulirapo musanayambe maluwa. Ma inflorescence a adyo amapanga nthanga zokha ndi mphamvu zowononga zamphamvu za ultraviolet. Nthawi zina, mababu am'mlengalenga amapezeka. Mababu a adyo omwe amapsa amaphulika ndikumera ndi mababu amaso amodzi (dzino limodzi). Kubzala dzino limodzi kumakupatsani mababu ambiri a adyo. Akamafalitsa mababu, chikhalidwecho chimawoneka kuti ndi cha zaka ziwiri, ndiye kuti, chaka choyamba amalandila dzino limodzi, ndipo kubzala kwawo chaka chamawa kumakhala gulu la adyo wokhala ndi mano ambiri.
Mitundu ya mlengalenga yambiri ya adyo
Garlic amapanga mitundu iwiri ya misa pamtunda.
- Zovala maluwa kapena zomangira. Amapanga mphukira wokhala ndi inflorescence (muvi).
- Zosayenda kapena zosawombera. Mtundu uwu pakukulira umapanga masamba okha.
Kuwombera adyo sikufa. Mizere yoyenda mwachindunji (muvi) ndipo masamba amatembenukira chikasu kumapeto kwa nyengo yokulira. Muvi uwulula chophimba wamba cha inflorescence ndi mababu kugwa pansi.
Mu adyo wosasenda, masamba amataya tamporimasamba, amatembenuka chikasu, kugona pansi ndikuuma.
Mitundu ya adyo
Garlic agawidwa m'mitundu iwiri, yomwe imasiyana nthawi yakubzala komanso kukula kwa babu komwe amapangidwa. Mu nthawi yophukira, adadzala ma clove a dzinja yachisanu. Mu kasupe - kasupe adyo cloves. Garlic yozizira imakhala ndi mitundu yonse iwiri: wowombera komanso wosawombera, ndi adyo wamasamba okha osawombera.
M'dzikoli, ndibwino kukula mitundu yonse iwiri. Zimaunda zimapanga mbewu m'mbuyomu, mitu imakhala yokulirapo, zokolola zake zimakhala zapamwamba. Koma imadziwika ndi mtundu wotsika kwambiri. Pofika Januwale-February, masamba a adyo wozizira amawuma ndipo amafunika njira zina zowonjezera kuti asunge mbewu. Ndi bwinonso kukulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yojambulidwa ndi adyo nthawi yachisanu.
Kusiyana pakati pa nyengo yachisanu ndi adyo
Garlic yozizira amapanga cloves kuzungulira tsinde, lomwe lili pakatikati pa babu. Mukamalekanitsa mano, tsinde limakhalabe maliseche.
Adyo wamasamba alibe thunthu. Mano amapindika kwambiri chifukwa cholimba kwambiri wina ndi mnzake mu babu a adyo. Zovala zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimakhala m'mizere yakunja, mpaka pakati ndizochepa.
Pakudya, mitundu yonse iwiri ya adyo ndiyofanana. Malinga ndi chikhalidwe chachilengedwe, zimasiyana pakubzala. Kasupe amapanga mbewu pokhapokha masika atabzala. Garlic yozizira ndiye mbewu yayikulu kwambiri komanso yathanzi, yakucha pofika Julayi, imapangidwa nthawi yobzala. Mukadzala ma cloves mu kasupe, iye, ngakhale apanga mbewu, siwopamwamba komanso osati wowuma.
Kufesa adyo (Allium sativum).
Tekinoloje yokulira adyo wozizira
Kubzala Zima Garlic
Garlic yozizira amabzala m'dzinja. Kummwera, kotentha kotentha, kotakata, kuyimitsidwa kumatha kukhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa Okutobala, ndipo ngakhale Novembala-Disembala. Mu 2016, ndinabzala zipatso za nthawi yozizira mzaka khumi zoyambirira za December (ndendende, pa Disembala 3). Mano ndi ozika mizu, nsonga zamasamba amtsogolo ndizobiriwira pang'ono. Kukula kotereku ndikusintha kopita ku holide yachisanu. Ngati yofesedwa kumayambiriro, nyengo yofunda nthawi zambiri ikubwerera kumwera mpaka + 10 ... + 12 ° С, adyo amakwanitsa kupanga masamba mpaka 5-6 masentimita, omwe amaundana ndi kuyambiranso kwa nyengo yozizira ndi mbewu zamasamba zowonongeka, zomwe pambuyo pake zimatsogolera kudula kwamitu.
Kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwapafupipafupi nthawi yachisanu kumafunikira kuwunika kwa masiku obzala zipatso za adyo yachisanu pakati pa Russian Federation ndi mayiko a CIS. M'madera apakati, nthawi kuyambira theka lachiwiri la Seputembala mpaka pakati pa Okutobala inkawoneka kuti nthawi yoyenera. Pakadali pano, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala idayamba kulowa m'ma Okutobala. Ndikwabwino kuyambiranso kufunda pomwe kutentha kwa usiku kumayandikira +8 - + 10 ° С. Garlic adzakhala ndi nthawi yopanga mizu yopanda masamba obiriwira. Chifukwa chake, chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwonetsa bwino nthawi yakudzala ma clove ndi kubzala mababu kuti mubereke. Ngati ma cloves ndi ma bulb amapanga masamba mu kugwa, amatha kufa nthawi ya masika nthawi yachisanu ikadzabweranso kapena nyengo yonse yazomera imapweteka nthawi zonse.
Kuwala kwa Garlic
Mkhalidwe wotsatira wokolola wabwino ndikuwonjeza kukula. Ngati mabedi a adyo atayikiridwa ndi mbewu zazitali kwambiri, mituyo imadulidwa. Mitu yayikulu simapanga pamene akukula adyo mumthunzi wochepa.
Zotsogola
Kotero kuti adyo samadzaza ndi matenda opatsirana, chikhalidwecho chimabwezeretsedwa kumalo omwe kale chinali kulima pambuyo zaka 4-5. Khalidwe lofunikanso chimodzimodzi ndi zikhalidwe zam'mbuyomu. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi zikhalidwe za banja la nightshade (phwetekere, tsabola, biringanya), dzungu (dzungu, nkhaka, zukini), mtanda (kabichi, saladi).
Garlic yozizira ndi mnansi wabwino wazaka zingapo zamtchire: blackcurrant, rasipiberi, jamu, sitiroberi ndi sitiroberi wamtchire. Imakhala ndi phindu pa kukula ndi kukula kwa nkhaka ndi mbatata. Imawateteza, ngati maluwa, gladioli, tulips kuchokera ku ma slgs, kubowola, mbozi. Fungo losavomerezeka la adyo la timadontho. Garlic, wobzalidwa pafupi ndi duwa, amachepetsa mwayi wowonongeka ku chikhalidwe chakuda chakuda.
Kutulutsa utoto
Mlingo wazomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndizofunikira kwambiri adyo. Kutalika kwake, chiyembekezo chochepa pakupanga mitu ya adyo wathanzi. Chifukwa chake, musanabzale adyo, nthawi zonse zimakhala zofunikira kuchita njira zophera tizilombo.
Akuluakulu a iwo angatchedwe kufesa kwa phacelia siderat. Phacelia ndi feteleza wabwino wobiriwira. Amachiritsa dothi pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya matenda oyamba ndi fungus (mochedwa choipitsa, kuvunda kwa mizu), kuwononga tizirombo (wireworm, nematode, dzombe). Phacelia imasokoneza dothi bwino. Zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa namsongole (mitengo, etc.).
Kuchotsa bwino kwa waya pamwala pamalopo ndikumayambitsa mitundu ya ammonium mitundu ya feteleza wa mchere, kuphatikizapo madzi ammonia, ammonium sulfate, potaziyamu sulfate.
Ngati bedi la adyo litakhala malo ochepa, mutha kuthira malowa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.
Kukonzekera dothi lodzala adyo
Garlic imakonda dothi lopepuka ndi acidity yandale. Ngati dothi laphimbika, panga chikho chimodzi cha laimu kapena ufa wa dolomite pa lalikulu limodzi. m. Garlic simalola madzi osefukira kapena zinthu zatsopano. Zamoyo zatsopano zikangowonjezeredwa mwachindunji pakubzala kwa adyo, pali kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, kuchuluka kwa mababu a adyo kumatsika. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuli kotheka, kumasula dothi lolemera, humus ndi manyowa ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pam'munda wapitawu, ndi adyo - peat, mchenga, utuchi wa mitengo yopangira zipatso (conifers acidize nthaka).
Pokumba kwa yophukira (25-30 cm) gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wophatikizira mchere - 35-50 g / m² kapena osakaniza kapu ya phulusa ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu - 30 ndi 20 g / m², motero. Nthaka imakongoleredwa mosamala. Amayamba kubzala mu masabata 1-2 kuti dothi litasefukira mwa kukumba madera. Pakadali masiku 1-2 asanabzalidwe, 15 g / m² wa ammonium nitrate amawonjezerapo kapena maGrio amathiridwa ndi yankho. Njirayi ndi yofunikira makamaka ikachedwa kufesa kuti ifulumizitse mapangidwe a mizu.
Kukonzekeretsa kubzala
Zomera zobzala zitha kugulidwa m'malo ogulitsira mwapadera, koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyemba zomwe zabzala chaka chino. Pakubzala, sankhani mitu yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo tsiku lodzala, iduleni kuti ikhale mano osiyana-siyana. Mano akakonzedwa pasadakhale, ndiye kuti pansi paz dzino limawuma ndipo, motero, mphamvu yam'mera imachepa. Pakusungika kwotalikirana kwa mano opsinjika, samatha kuphuka.
Mano amapezeka ndi ma disinal mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate (30-30 mphindi) ndikubzala. Kuthira mano kumachitika mu 1% yankho lamkuwa. Mano amasungidwa mu yankho osapitirira 1 miniti. Olima ena odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuyamba kutulutsa mano m'mchere wamchere (40-50 g / 5 l madzi) kwa mphindi 1-2. Kenako chepetsani yankho lamkuwa wa sulfate mu 1% yankho la mphindi imodzi ndipo, osasambitsa, ayambe kubzala.
Ngati izi sizipezeka, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kuchitika ndi njira ya zamchere. 400 g wa phulusa amathiriridwa mu malita 2 a madzi, wowiritsa kwa maola 0,5, utakhazikika. Yankho lozizira limasefedwa ndipo mano amagwidwa mumakonzedwe okonzekereratu kwa maola 1.5-2.0. Ndasambitsa ndi madzi ozizira owiritsa ndikubzala.
Kubzala adyo ozizira
Mtundu woyenera wabzala wa adyo ndi wamba kapena mzere-kawiri (mzere wawiri). M'lifupi mwake pakati pa ndodo ndi 10cm, pakati pa mizere 25 cm kapena m'lifupi mwake. Mtunda m'mizere ndi 8-10 cm kapena kutalika kwa bokosi lofananira. Mukabzala ndikakhuthala, ma clove ndi mababu amakhala ochepa. Kuzama kwa kuphatikizika ndi kutalika kwa mano awiri kapena osachepera masentimita 5-7. Kubzala mosaya, kuwotchera msanga kwa zigawo za kumtunda kwa kasupe kumayambitsa kukukuta kwa mitu ndi mano. Ngati dothi lili louma, madziwo asanakhazikike pansi pa mzerewo. Tsekani ndikukhazikitsa dothi. Ngakhale chisanu chitha kugonjetsedwa ndi adyo wozizira (-18 ... -25 ° C), onetsetsani kuti mulch kubzala iliyonse mulch. Kuyambira khwangwala mutha kuphimba bedi ndi nthambi za spruce kapena nthambi zouma.
Kubzala ma adyo adyo.
Kusamalira Garlic
Kuchepetsa nthaka
Chapakatikati chisanu chitasungunuka, kudzala adyo kuyenera kuzimiririka. Kutseguka kumachotsa nthaka kutumphuka, kuchotsa zoyala zamasamba, ndikuwonjezera mpweya wabwino kumizu ya mbewu. Kupezeka kwa kutumphuka kwa dothi kumalepheretsa kukula kwa mababu a adyo. Amadumphadumpha ndipo amapangika mitu.
Kuthirira
Kuchuluka kwazovala zambiri za adyo kumachitika mu Meyi, Juni ndi theka loyamba la Julayi. Kutsirira kumachitika katatu pamwezi mu nyengo yokhazikika. M'nyengo yotentha, kuthirira kumachulukitsa mpaka 5-6 pamwezi. Ngati chilimwe chanyowa, musathirire adyo. Zomera mu nthawi yogwira zimafunikira chinyezi chambiri, koma mwanjira ya mvula ndi kuthirira kwambiri kumayambitsa fungal ndi bacteria bacteria, muzu zowola, dzimbiri. Kuti muchepetse kuthirira komanso kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kumasula ndikulowetsa nthaka mutathirira nthawi iliyonse. M'nyengo yotentha, nthaka ikamuma msanga, popanda kuluka mitu yayikulu ya adyo siingatheke.
Pafupifupi kuyambira khumi oyambilira a Julayi, ukakhwima asanakholole mitu ya adyo ikayamba, amasintha kuti akhalebe chinyezi kapena kuletsa kuthirira. Samalola kuyanika, kuti dothi lowuma lisatenge chinyezi kuchokera pakucha mano.
Mavalidwe apamwamba a Garlic
Kuti adyetse bwino, amaphatikiza ndi kuthirira. Mitu ya Garlic imatha kudziunjikira nayitrogeni, kotero kuphatikiza kwachikhalidwe ndi michere kuyenera kuthandizidwa mosamala. Nthawi yakula, adyo amadyetsedwa katatu, osatinso.
Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba cha adyo wozizira chimachitika ndi dothi lonyowa mu magawo a masamba a 3-4 ndi njira ya urea (20-25 g / 10 l yamadzi) ndikuyenda kwa 3 l kwa yankho pa 1 sq. m lalikulu.
Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba cha adyo chimachitika pambuyo pa milungu iwiri ndi nitrofos, nitroammophos kapena feteleza wina pamlingo wa supuni ziwiri pa 1 m². Kuvala kwapamwamba kumatha kuthiridwa mu mawonekedwe owuma kapena panjira yothetsera (supuni ziwiri pa 10 malita a madzi, pa 2 m²).
Chovala chachitatu chapamwamba pamatunda achonde chitha kusiyidwa. Pamadothi omchenga komanso opepuka, magawo a mapangidwe a mutu ndikukula (khumi chakhumi cha June), amadyetsedwa ndi superphosphate - 30-40 g / m².
Ngati zindikirika kuti mbewu zikumanga pang'onopang'ono zomwe zili pamwambapa, mutha kumangowonjezera chakudya chambiri ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa kapena ndowe za mbalame, feteleza wosungunuka ndi madzi wokhala ndi zinthu zingapo.
Zothetsera zotsatirazi ndende zakonzedwa:
- Galasi imodzi ya phulusa kapena ndowe za mbalame zimasungunulidwa m'malita 10 amadzi, mbewu zimasefa ndikuthiridwa,
- Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito supuni ya crystallin yokhala ndi microelement set (gulani m'sitolo) kwa malita 8-10 a madzi.
Chovala chapamwamba cha adyo chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza kulikonse, koma kupendekera kotsika, monga momwe zimakwanira, koma sizilowa m'malo, kuvala kwapamwamba kwambiri. Ngati mumasefa mbewu, makulidwe ndi mawonekedwe a mababuwo amawonongeka.
Garlic imasokonekera. Kuchokera pazaka zosankhidwa, sizothekanso kupeza mitu yayikulu pakupita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, zinthuzo ziyenera kusinthidwa pambuyo pa zaka 3-4. Kuti muchite izi, inflorescence yakucha imakololedwa, mababu akuluakulu amatengedwa ndikufesedwa mozungulira Seputembara - koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Chaka chotsatira amalandira mano amodzi, omwe, pomwe afesedwa yophukira, amapanga athanzi, akulu akulu akulu a adyo wozizira.
Onaninso zithu: Timalima adyo kuchokera ku mababu.
Mitu yayikulu imapangidwa ndi adyo achisanu, ngati mivi imachotsedwa mu nthawi yake momwe zimawonekera. Mivi imachotsedwa kutalika kwa 10 cm. Amaphwanya kapena kudula, ndikusiya mzati wa 2-3 cm.
Kuteteza Garlic ku Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Matenda a Garlic
Monga masamba onse, adyo achisanu amatha kugwidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kukonzekera zamankhwala kutetezedwa kumatenda ndi tizirombo pa adyo sikulimbikitsidwa. Zothandiza kwambiri komanso popanda kuwopseza thanzi la eni nyumbayo, ana, nyama, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito biofungicides. Amatha kusinthira mbewu kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo wawo mpaka nthawi yokolola, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wopeza zinthu zabwino.
Ngati, ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwakanthawi kwa zofunikira zonse zaukadaulo, adyo yozizira asintha mtundu, mawanga, madontho, mivi iwoneka pamasamba, kukula kwayima, ndiye mbewuyo yatenga kachilombo.Matenda ofala kwambiri ndi tsamba dzimbiri, kuvunda kwa mizu, fusarium, powdery mildew, nthaka yoyipa ya pansi, ndi zina zotere. Muyenera nthawi yomweyo kuyamba kuchiza mbewu ndi nthaka ndi alirin, buair, phytosporin, glyocladin, planriz. Kukonzekera kwa mayankho ogwira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumaperekedwa pazovomerezeka, ndizosatheka kupatuka pazofunikira zawo. Kukula kokhazikika kwa ndende, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pa kutentha kochepa sikudzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pazomera.
Tizilombo ta Garlic
Mwa tizirombo, ovulaza kwambiri ndi awa: anyezi akuuluka, omwe mphutsi zake zimadya mnofu wa mano, tsinde nematode, kafadala, anthaka, nkhupakupa, osaka zinsinsi ndi ena.
Njira zazikulu zowongolera zimaphatikizira kuvala kovomerezeka kwa kubzala zinthu ndi kuchiza mbewu ndi nthaka ndi bioinsecticides. Chifukwa cha chilengedwe chachilengedwe, ma bioinsecticides samakhudza thanzi la anthu ndipo samangokhala osokoneza bongo.
Izi zikuphatikiza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, aofin-N, mycoafidine, lepidocide, bitoxybacillin, nemabact, bicol, pecilomycin (kuchokera nematode) ndi ena.
Kugwiritsa, monga njira yolepheretsa, kubzala marigold ndi marigold m'mphepete mwa mabedi ndi pakati pa mizere yambiri ya adyo. Mphutsi za nematode, zikukwawa pa fungo la mbewu zamaluwa, gwiritsani ntchito msuzi wa mizu yawo pachakudya, chomwe ndi chowopsa cha nematode ndipo chimatsogolera pakupha tizirombo.
Kututa
Kuyeretsa kumayamba kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti. Zimbidwa mitengo zouma mumthunzi kwa masiku 3-5. Ndiye kudula gawo la mlengalenga, ndikusiya masentimita 5-6 a mzati. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya adyo wozizira imasiyana anyezi wamkulu. Chifukwa chake, ma Komsomolets osiyanasiyana amapanga mitu yolemera mpaka 80-110 g, Sofievsky - 90-110 g, Otradnensky - mpaka 100 g.
Kubzala ma adyo adyo.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya adyo wozizira pakukula m'dziko muno
Mitundu yoyambirira kucha: Baskir (wosawombera), Broadleaf -220 (wosawombera).
Magiredi apakatikati:
- Alcor - malinga ndi Western Siberia,
- Podmoskovny (wosawombera) - waku dera la Moscow ndi madera oyandikira,
- Lyubasha - ku Ukraine ndi madera apakati a Russia,
- Chipani cha Nazi chidayendetsedwa ndi Urals ndi madera oyandikana nawo,
- Komsomolets - madera akumpoto.
Mwa zina zamipikisano ya adyo yapakatikati, imatha kulimbikitsidwa kuti ikalime pakati komanso madera ozizira: Odalirika, achijeremani, Dubkovsky, Antonik, Chikumbutso cha Gribovsky, Gribovsky-60, Novosibirsk (osawombera), Zubrenok, Losevsky, Sofievsky, Skif, Danilovsky ndi ena. Mitundu yonse imatha kumera kum'mwera, ndikupanga mbewu zapamwamba.
Momwe mungakulire adyo wamasamba
Mosiyana ndi nthawi yozizira, adyo wamasamba amafesedwa masika, pomwe nthaka imatentha kwambiri masentimita 15 mpaka + 5 ... + 8 ° С. Adyo wamasamba amasiyanitsidwa ndikupanga mitu yaying'ono. Kuti tipeze mitu yayikulu, timabzala kale. Chikhalidwechi chimagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndipo chimayamba kutentha pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ngati sizingatheke kuyeza kutentha kwa dothi, nthawi zambiri wamaluwa, poyang'ana nthawi kuchokera kukugwa kwa chipale chofewa, komanso kutengera dera ndi nyengo, ayamba kufesa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Epulo.
Mphukira za adyo zamasamba siziopa kutentha kwa masika ndikubwera pa kutentha kwa + 3 ... + 4 ° С.
Dothi la kasupe adyo lakonzedwa mu kugwa, kuti zisasokoneze kasupe mu nyengo yozizira.
Zofunikira pa Agrotechnical pazachilengedwe, kukonza nthaka ndikubzala zinthu sizosiyana ndi adyo wozizira.
Kutentha kwa adyo kwa adyo wamasamba
Zofunikira za adyo wamasamba kumayendedwe otentha zimasintha pakukula. Mutha kusintha ndi kuya kwa mano. Kuti kutentha kuzikhala koyenera m'gawo lachitukuko cha mizu (+ 5 ... + 10 ° С), mano amabzalidwa mpaka akuya masentimita 5-6 ndipo kufesako kumayikidwa munthaka kuti dothi lomwe limasunthirali lisunuke pang'onopang'ono. Pamtunda wotsika dothi, zovala zake zimayenda bwino kwambiri, ndipo mizu yake ikukula mwachangu. Patatha mwezi umodzi (kuchokera pagawo la kuyika mababu adyo), kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya ndi + 15 ... + 20 ° С, ndipo pambuyo pake, mababu atapsa, - + 20 ... + 25 ° С.
Mutha kuwongolera kutentha kwa mlengalenga ndi nthaka (mwachidziwikire, makamaka) pogwiritsa ntchito mulching ndi kuwala kolakwika. Nthawi yozizira, mulch yamtundu wakuda (peat yamahatchi) imagwiritsidwa ntchito, nyengo yotentha - kuwala (utuchi, zokutira). Itha kuumbika ndi udzu, udzu wowuma. Malo otayirira amapitilira mpweya wabwino komanso kupewa kutenthetsa nthaka. Dothi la mulch likulimbikitsidwa osachepera 4-5 cm.Ndi njirayi, mutha kuchepetsa kutentha pa dothi kuyambira 1 mpaka 3 ° C komanso zina.
Chovala chapamwamba cha adyo
Adyo wamasamba amadyetsedwa kawiri nthawi yakula. Simungathe (ngati nthawi yachisanu) kuthana ndi chikhalidwe. Mukamwa mopitirira muyeso m'mano, mawonekedwe a nayitrogeni amadziunjikira (poizoni kwa anthu), mano amatsika kwambiri. Kudyetsa adyo am'mphepete, ngati dothi nthawi yayikulu ikukonzekera bwino ndi feteleza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nitrofoska kapena tincture wa kapu imodzi yatsopano ya mullein kapena zitosi za mbalame ndi 2 makapu a phulusa mu malita 10-12 a madzi. Sakanizani njira yothetsera vutoli, yovuta ndikuwonjezera m'mipata yothirira, kenako mulching.
Chisamaliro Garlic Care
Kusamalira adyo wamasamba (kulima, kuthirira, kutetezedwa kumatenda ndi tizirombo) sikusiyana ndi adyo wachisanu.
Kututa
Pofika Ogasiti, masamba amasanduka achikasu, kugona pansi, chikhalidwecho chakonzeka kukolola. Amakumba adyo, amaseseratu pansi ndipo, atayanika, adakakola matayala. Mwanjira iyi, adyo amasungidwa m'malo abwino, owuma. Alumali moyo wa adyo mababu oletsa kupukuta ndi zaka 1.5-2.0. Mitundu yambiri yosungidwa kwa miyezi 10.
Zosiyanasiyana za adyo wamasamba okukula mdziko muno:
- Mitundu ya Aleisky ndi nthawi yapakatikati, yopangidwa kumayiko aku Western Siberia.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Sochi-56 ndiyokwera msanga, osagwirizana ndi nyengo pamavuto akum'mwera komanso matenda. Imakula bwino pakati pakatentha.
- Zosiyanasiyana za Permyak mkati mwa nyengo, zopangidwira zigawo zakumpoto.
- Zosiyanasiyana Degtyarsky m'ma nyengo ya kumpoto.
Kodi mumakulitsa bwanji adyo anu? Gawani zinsinsi zanu ndi malingaliro otsimikiziridwa!
