Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi MirabilisMirabilis (Mirabilis) - wobzala wobiriwira wa maluwa a banja la Niktaginovye kapena Nocturnal, nthawi zambiri amalimidwa ngati pachaka. Mitundu imalumikiza mitundu yoposa 50. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha kwambiri makamaka Kumpoto ndi South America, mtundu umodzi umapezeka ku South Asia.
Zodabwitsa - monga dzina la chomera chikumveka Latin. Aaziteki ali ndi chomera cha acyumatl (azoatel): fungo labwino, lonunkhira, limapereka maluwa ambiri, nthambi zake zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a disc, zimakhala ndi masamba okhuthala ndipo limapereka mthunzi wambiri. Bernardino de Sahagun (mmishonale waku Spain, wamonke, wolemba mbiri, komanso waluso) adalongosola malongosoledwe awa m'buku lake The General History of the Affairs of New Spain, mwina ndi za mirabilis.
Aspanya agonjetse Mexico, mbewu za mirabilis zidafika ku Spain, kenako ku England, ndikufalikira kuzungulira Europe. Kenako mirabilis idakhazikika padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo m'maiko ofunda idakhala mbadwa - ku Egypt ndimakondedwa kwambiri kotero kuti adatchedwa ngale ya ku Egypt. Wapeza kutchuka ku Morocco - osiyanasiyana okhala ndi mikwingwirima yapinki komanso chikasu cha lalanje chotchedwa "Marrakech".
Poyang'ana koyamba, mbewuyi ndi yosavuta, koma imachita chidwi. Mirabilis ndiyosakhazikika komanso wopanda ulemu pakulima ndi chisamaliro.
Mirabilis usiku kukongola ikamatera ndi chithunzi
Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima ndi mtundu wa mirabilis yalapa (Mirabilis jalapa), amatchedwanso kukongola kwausiku, mirabilis ndimatsitsi. Kwawo ndi Mexico (Yalapa kapena Jalapa - dzina lolakwika la malo ku Central ndi South America). Chimbudzi chake ndi chotupa, chotupa, chofanana ndi kaloti. Zimayambira ndi zowoneka bwino, zophimbidwa ndi khungu lofiirira lotuwa, pakapita nthawi, gawo lotsikirako limakhala lign.
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi 30-80 masentimita, chifukwa cha kulimba kwamitengo yayitali, imapeza mawonekedwe ozungulira. Mphukira zimakhala ndi tsamba. Masamba amtunduwu ndi ovate-odola, m'mphepete mwake, onyezimira, moyang'anizana, ophatikizidwa ndi petioles lalifupi, mtundu wa masamba ndiwobiliwira.
Pamene kukongola kwa usiku kumatulutsa mirabilis
Maluwa a Mirabilis amatuluka mu June, amasangalatsa kukongola kwa chisanu.
Pamutu pa mphukira, corymbose inflorescence amawonekera. Milozo ya corolla imafikira mainchesi 2,5, mtundu wake ndi rasipiberi, lalanje, oyera-chipale, chofiirira, chikasu, ofiira, pali mitundu iwiri ndi itatu. Pachitsamba chimodzi, pamakhala maluwa osiyanasiyana ooneka mosiyanasiyana (kuyambira rasipiberi mpaka salmon), nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana yopindika. Madontho oterowo ndi amtundu wa mirabilis. Mosiyana ndi zoyembekezera, mukamadutsa mitundu-yoyera-yoyera ndi yoyera-yoyera, maluwa okhathamira (m'malo mwa maluwa ofiira) amapezeka. Mitundu yapamwamba imapezeka chifukwa chakuti palibe majini omwe amalamulira, onse ndi ofanana.
Ndikukumbukira kuti kamodzi amayi anga atakula mirabilis pachimake, kuwatcha "" mbandakucha ". Inde, maluwa onunkhira amatseguka kuyambira m'bandakucha ndikuyamba m'bandakucha. Ndi nyengo yamitambo, ma corollas amakhalabe otsegulidwa tsiku lonse.
Chipatso ndi mbewu imodzi, ngati mtundu wakuda wa bulauni. Kumera kwa nthangala kumapitirira zaka zitatu (ndikusungidwa pouma pamalo amdima).
Mirabilis yomwe ikula kuchokera mu nthanga Nthawi yobzala mbande kunyumba
Chithunzi cha mbewu za mirabilis
Kubzala mbewu za mbande kumachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka pakati pa Epulo. Popanda chithandizo, mbewu zimamera kwa milungu iwiri. Kuti mbewu zimere mwachangu, zimalimbikitsidwa (kufikisa chipolopolo ndi sandpaper kapena fayilo). Njira ina yothandizira ndikuwukha kwa maola 12-20 m'madzi ofunda (mbewu ziyenera kuphimbidwa mosakwanira). Pofesa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito makapu apulasitiki ang'onoang'ono.
Monga gawo lapansi, gwiritsani ntchito dothi losakanikirana ndi dothi lanu kuti mukukula mbande kapena kapangidwe kamakonzedwe palokha (zomwe zingakhale zamchere kapena zosalowerera). Tengani magawo awiri a peat ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, gawo limodzi la kompositi (humus), magawo 0,5 a mchenga wosambitsidwa, onjezerani kapu ya ash ya phulusa kapena supuni ziwiri za ufa wa dolomite. Sakanizani zonse zomwe zimapangidwa bwino ndikutaya ndi yankho lofooka la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate yophera tizilombo.
Mirabilis kuchokera kumbewu kunyumba chithunzi
Dzazani makapu ndi dothi losakaniza ¾ la voliyumu, Finyani pang'ono. Bzalani mbeu ziwiri chikho chilichonse, chivundikiro ndi dothi 1-1.5 cm wandiweyani, kenako chinyowa ndi sipera wabwino. Phimbani mbewuzo ndi filimu kapena galasi, perekani kuwala koyipa ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mu mulingo wa 18-20 ° C. Mphukira ziwonekera patatha masiku 5-6. Pambuyo pake, musaiwale kuchotsa pogona.
Maonekedwe a tsamba loyambirira mbande, kuchepera kwa mbande kumayenera kuchitika: chikho chilichonse, dulani nyongolotsi yopanda mphamvu pansanja. Pambuyo pa izi, chovala pamwamba (gwiritsani, mwachitsanzo, kukonzekera Krepysh, Fertika kapena Mortar).
Mmera mirabilis wakonzeka kubzala zithunzi
Mbande za mirabilis mosazindikira kwambiri kuzizira kwa gawo lapansi. Madzi pambuyo poti nthaka yatha. Zikaphukazo zikafika kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita, ziwokanuleni m'zotengera zazikulu ndikusamutsira chikho chadothi. Dyetseranso kachiwiri pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wophatikiza ndi mchere.
Musanadzalemo mu nthaka, yambani kuumitsa mbande. Kutalika kwa njirayi kuyenera kukhala masiku 10-14. Tengani zokhala ndi mbande kumweya wabwino tsiku lililonse (khonde lotseguka, dimba), pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi yotere. Pamapeto pa mbewu zimayenera kukhala tsiku lonse mumsewu.
Mirabilis kuchokera pa mbewu kupita pa mbande video:
Kukongola kwausiku ndikosavuta kumera kuchokera ku mbewu, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino kwambiri.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati mbande mirabilis yatambasula vidiyo:
Tsamba la Mirabilis
Mirabilis ndi thermophilic kwambiri, chifukwa chake sankhani malo otseguka, owunikidwa bwino ndi dzuwa. Timalekerera mthunzi wocheperako, koma maluwa azikongoletsedwa. Pamafunika kutetezedwa ku zojambula ndi mphepo yozizira. Chomera sichilola kuti chinyezi chizizika mizu - osabzala m'mapiri, chifukwa chamadzi apansi pansi muyenera kumanga bedi paphiri. Yesetsani kuchoka pazikhalidwe zina, chifukwa mirabilis imakhala yankhanza kwambiri ndipo imatha kuthamangitsa zikhalidwe zoyandikana nawo.
Nthaka imafunikira chonde pang'ono, osatenga mbali kapena zamchere. Acidic nthaka moyenera salekerera - dothi liyenera kukhala locheperako. Mafuta kapena dothi loumbika bwino lili ndi zabwino zonse.
Mbewuyo imakonda dothi labwino, lonyowa. Kukhetsa bwino madzi kumafunika. Mirabilis salekerera nthaka komanso dothi lamadzi.
Momwe mungabzala mbande za mirabilis poyera
Pomwe mungabzale mirabilis chithunzi m'munda
Mbande za Mirabilis zibzalidwe panthaka pomwe dothi limafundira bwino ndikuwopseza kuti madzi oundana adzatha. Nthawi iyi mgulu wapakati imagwera kumapeto kwa kasupe (pafupifupi 20 Meyi).
Kubzala mbande za mirabilis pansi
Pakadutsa maola awiri musanabzalidwe, thirirani mbande madzi, zitatha ndizosavuta kuchotsa mbandezo ndi mbiya zadothi. Pangani maenje oyang'anira oyenerera: kuya ndi mulifupi kukhale kotero kuti dongo lisale.
Kutali kuti mubzale mirabilis
Nthawi zambiri, mirabilis imabzalidwa m'mizere, pomwe ikukula bwino pakati pa mbewu payekhapayekha, sungani mtunda wa 40-50 cm. Sinthani mbandeyo mu dzenje, onjezani dothi, pang'onopang'ono ndikanikizani pansi ndi manja anu, khosi mizu liyenera kutuluka ndi nthaka. Kuti zitheke mbande zam'madzi zimapereka madzi okwanira.
Kubzala mbewu za Mirabilis panthaka
Kufesa mbewu za mirabilis poyera chithunzi
Mbewu zingafesedwe mwachindunji panthaka. Mbewu zoyambirira zimakonzedwa ndi kufananiza ndi kufesa mbande (kuchepa kapena kuwiritsa). Kubzala kumachitika kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso koyambirira kwa Meyi. Pangani mizere yotalika pafupifupi 3 cm, ndikufalitsa njerezo, ndikutsatira masentimita 7-8 pakati pawo (pambuyo pake mbande zimapanikizika, mphukira zowonjezera zimangotayidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbande). Dzazani dothi ndi dothi, tsanulira madzi otentha, kuphimba malowo ndi filimu kapena zinthu zosakongoletsedwa. Valani chophimba zikatuluka mphukira.
Osati mirabilis yoyipa yomwe imadzala yokha. Muyenera kukonza mbandezo mwa kupukusa kapena kufalitsa zikumera kumalo omwe mukufuna.
Kufalikira kwa mirabilis ndi zodula
Mirabilis imafalitsidwa bwino ndi mbewu kotero kuti kufalikira kwamasamba sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni.
Zodulidwa zofunikira zimakhazikika mu dothi la peat ndikuphatikizira mchenga wowuma.
Ngati mumasunga ma mirabilis tubers nthawi yozizira, ebzalani panthaka yophukira. Zomera zotere zimamera mwachangu, zimakhala ndi mwayi waukulu, zimaphukira milungu ingapo m'mbuyomu. Kuphatikiza apo, mumakhala ndi chidaliro pakujambula ma mirabilis anu.
Kusamalira usiku kukongola
Kukongola kwausiku sikungayambitse vuto chisamaliro, popeza sichikukonzekera. Kuthirira nthawi ndi nthawi, kumasula nthaka ndikuthira feteleza adzafunika.
Momwe mungamwere
Kusangalatsa chomera ndi maluwa obiriwira, chilala chambiri, madzi ochuluka (katatu pa sabata). Mu nyengo yamvula, mirabilis sidzayenera kuthiriridwa madzi konse. Mukathirira kapena kugwa, ndikumasula dothi mozungulira chomera, osalola mapangidwe kutumphuka panthaka, mizu yake imafunikira mpweya. Namsongole nthawi yomweyo.
Momwe mungadyetse
Nthawi yakula, ndikokwanira kudyetsa kukongola katatu. Dyetsani koyamba kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula, lachiwiri pakati pa chilimwe, lachitatu m'masiku otentha. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa ndi humus kapena kompositi, zinthu zatsopano zomwe sizipangidwe siziyenera kuyambitsidwa zokha. Monga chovala chapamwamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wama mineral, koma kumbukirani kuti kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni panthawi ya mavalidwe awiri a 2-3 kuyenera kukhala kochepa.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mirabilis amalimbana ndi matenda komanso tizilombo toononga.
Ndi kusayenda kwadongosolo kwamadzi pamizu ya mbewu, kutembenuka kwa mizu ndikotheka. Zitachitika izi, chitsamba chomwe chakhudzidwa chikuyenera kukumbidwa ndikuchotsa (kutenthedwa), ndi malo obzala ayenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la fungicide (mwachitsanzo, Fundazole). Popewa, kutsatira njira yoyenera yothirira, nthawi yomweyo sankhani malo oyenera kubzala.
Nthawi zina, matendawa amawonongeka kapena dzimbiri. Awa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe atha kuthetsedwa mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira yopha mafangayi. Choyamba chotsani maluwa ndi masamba omwe akhudzidwa, kenako chomera.
Mirabilis pambuyo maluwa Kusungidwa kwa tubers nthawi yachisanu
Chithunzi cha Mirabilis tubers
Ngati mukufuna kusunga timadziti ta mirabilis nthawi yachisanu, m'dzinja muyenera kudula tsindewo kutalika kwa 10 cm kuchokera pansi. Ndiye kukumba tubers, zimawoneka ngati kaloti mumawonekedwe, odera akuda. Chotsalira cha tsinde chikawuma, chimadzichitira chokha.
Mata tubers mu wandiweyani pepala, koma ndikofunikira kusunga mumtsuko, owazidwa ndi mchenga. Mulimonsemo, sungani pamalo amdima ozizira (kutentha kwa mpweya mkati mwa 3-7 ° C). Malo abwino kwambiri osungira ndi malo m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Chapakatikati, dzalani ma tubers mu dothi lotenthetsedwa bwino kapena kuphukira mumphika wamaluwa, ndikuwokhalira poyera ndi kuyambika kwa kutentha.
Mirabilis popanga mawonekedwe
Chithunzi cha Mirabilis pazithunzi zakujambula
Kukhazikika kwamagulu kumawoneka kokongola kwambiri. Bzalani tchire zazitali za mirabilis pamipanda, nyumba; gwiritsani ntchito ngati chomera pamalo osakanikirana, gawani chiwembucho m'ma lobes pogwiritsa ntchito tchire. Nthawi zambiri, mirabilis imabzalidwa m'mizere, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi kuti muthe kupanga maluwa ambiri.
Tchire lapakatikati ndi lotsika limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yotseka, yolima m'minda, koma nthawi yomweyo kubwereranso masentimita 40 kuchokera m'mphepete mwa njira kuti tchire lisasokoneze patency.
Mirabilis ndiyabwino kukongoletsa nthambi zam'munsi zopanda zitsamba ndi mabedi osagoneka.
M'munda wamaluwa, marigold, daisies, daisies, cleoma, gelenium, zinnia ndi parterres oyenera.
Tikukumbutsani kuti mirabilis imakhala ndi fungo lokoma kwambiri, chifukwa chake, wobzalidwa patali ndi malo ampumulo, ngati fungo limawoneka ngati labwino.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya mirabilis yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Mirabilis yakapa kapena mirabilis laxative mirabilis jalapa
Chithunzi cha Mirabilis yalapa kapena mirabilis laxative mirabilis jalapa chithunzi
Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa ulimi wamaluwa, Yalapa kapena laxative, wafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane koyambirira kwa nkhaniyi. Kukongola kwausiku kuli ndi mitundu yambiri, lingalirani zabwino kwambiri:
Zithunzi ndi kufotokozera kwa Mirabilis iolanta
Iolanta - chitsamba chozungulira theka la mita. Zimayambira ndi zokutira, zamphamvu, zopindika, zopendekera bwino kumtunda. Ma corollas ndi maonekedwe opindika, apakatikati kukula, kumtunda kumakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yamitundu yambiri;
Chithunzi cha Mirabilis Red lollipop
Lollipop wofiyira - chitsamba chachitali kwambiri chofika mamita 0.9. Zimayambira ndi wandiweyani, wosalala, wobiriwira wobiriwira. Masamba ophimba ndi owaza-oblong okhala ndi mbali zomata pang'ono za wavy. Ma corollas ooneka ngati utoto ofiira pafupi ndi 6 cm;
Chithunzi cha Mirabilis Elvira
Elvira - zitsamba zazing'onoting'ono. Nthochi ndi yosalala komanso nthambi, cholimba kwambiri. Masamba a masamba a Oblong okhala ndi nsonga zolozera, zobiriwira zakuda. Danga la corolla ndi pafupifupi 3,5 cm;
Ti Nthawi Yofiyira - tchire lowoneka bwino pakatikati. Mphukira zowoneka bwino ndizokhomera kwambiri pamwamba. Masamba obiriwira ozungulira amtundu wakuda wobiriwira amakwirira mphukira. Corollas a sing'anga kukula pinki yowala;
Ti Time Fomula Miksche - kutalika kwa tchire ndi masentimita 0.7-0.9, ndikuwumbika. Masamba ndi ophweka, osasinthika, akumathera ndi nsonga zolozera. M'munsi, mphukira zopanda kanthu, nthambi zake pamwamba. Mitundu iyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa osalala okhala ndi m'mbali mwa wavy, mitunduyo ndi yosiyanasiyananso, m'mimba mwake wa corolla ndi 2.5 cm;
Chithunzi cha Mirabilis Marble Chikasu chofiira cha Mirabilis jalapa Maonekedwe a Red Dzuwa
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Marble (Marble) imakhala ndi mtundu wosangalatsa: kupopera utoto wamitundu yambiri, mikwingwirima, mikwingwirima imakhala yosiyanasiyana, ngati kuti mwachangu ndi burashi yojambula. Zosiyanasiyana Zofiira-zoyera - moyang'anizana ndi maziko oyera-oyera, chithunzi cha hue-carmine; Maso achikasu-ofiira - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, ma corollas okhala ndi utoto wachikaso, lalanje, ofiira, apinki; Marble achikasu-oyera ndi oyera komanso achikaso.
Mitundu ina iwiri imalimidwa nthawi zambiri.
Mirabilis multiflora Mirabilis multiflora
Maluwa a chithunzi a Mirabilis multiflora Mirabilis multiflora
Chomera chokhazikika chamtundu wa 0,8 m.Mphukira wokwanira pansi ulibe kanthu, nthambi pamwamba. Masamba osalala ndi osalala, osapangidwa ndi dzira. Maluwa amayamba mu Meyi, axillary inflorescence, imakhala ndi maluwa 2-6. Danga lamiyala yakubowo ndi 4-6 cm, mthunziwo ndiwofiyira.
Mirabilis rotundifolia Mirabilis rotundifolia
Chithunzi cha Mirabilis rotundifolia Mirabilis rotundifolia chithunzi
Mabasi pafupifupi 30 cm.Magawo a masamba ozungulira ndi a 5 cm, kutalika kwake ndikomata. Aliyense apical inflorescence amakhala 3 lalikulu corollas ndi m'mimba mwake mpaka 10 cm, mtundu ndi wofiirira.
Zothandiza zimatha kukongoletsa usiku
Masamba a Mirabilis amatha kudya. Maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza chakudya. Mtundu wa rasipiberi umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu confectionery - kukonza mafuta odzola, makeke.
Mbewu ndizopweteka, koma nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati utoto kapena zodzikongoletsera (mutatha kukonza, poizoni umatayika).
Pezani ntchito za mirabilis mu mankhwala wowerengeka. Zokonzekera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi tubers zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi, decoction wa tsinde ndi masamba ali ndi antibacterial komanso anti-kutupa, madzi a mbewu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa mabala.
