Mbatata zimazindikira kwambiri kusowa kwa chinyezi m'nthaka. Zosachulukirapo, zomwe zimafikira 30 cm, mizu yazikhalidwe iyi ili ndi katundu wambiri. Kwa nyengo yochepa yazomera, mbewuyo sikuti imangokulitsa udzu wobiriwira, komanso iyenera kupereka zomwe imabzala - tubers.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji nthawi yabwino kuthirira, kangati kuthirira mbatata kutchire kuti mbewuyo isakhumudwe ndi kuchuluka kapena mtundu? Ndikusowa chinyezi, simuyenera kuyembekezera mbewu yabwino ya mbatata. Koma madzi ochulukirapo okhala m'nthaka nawonso sabweretsa phindu.
Kodi kuthira mbatata mutabzala m'nthaka?
Mpaka masamba oyamba atakhala pamwamba pa nthaka, mbatata safunikira kuthirira kwambiri. Ngati kubzala kunachitika pa dothi lonyowa, ndiye kuti poyamba chinyezi ichi ndi chokwanira pamtengowo. Koma ndi kukula kwa mbewu, makamaka ndi chiyambi cha mapangidwe a masamba, kufunika kukukula kwambiri.
Nthawi yomwe kuthirira mbatata mutabzala ndikofunikira kumabwera:
- pamene mbande za mbatata zimamera masentimita 5 mpaka 10, kutanthauza kuti, patatha masabata awiri mutamera mbande;
- mukakhala ndi masamba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuyamba kwa mapangidwe a tubers;
- pamene ma tubers akulemera, omwe mkanjira yapakati imagwera theka loyamba la Ogasiti.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zabwino kwambiri pobzala komanso kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo waulimi, mbatata zimatha kupanga matani akulu ndi theka kuchokera pa mamilimita zana.
Nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthilira mu nyengo yotentha
Pankhaniyi, alimi a mbatata omwe akudziwa zambiri pafunso ili: "Kodi ndikufunika kuthirira mbatata?" yankhani kuti kuthirira ndikofunikira. Kupatula apo, mvula m'miyezi yachilimwe siimakhazikika, ndipo wolima sangakhale wotsimikiza kuti mizu yanyengayo ilibe chinyontho. Ndipo madera angapo kutentha kumayendera limodzi ndi mphepo zamphamvu zomwe zimathandizira kutuluka kwa chinyontho kuchokera m'nthaka. Poterepa, kodi mawuwo amasintha bwanji, ndikangati kuthirira mbatata m'malo otentha pakamphepo kadzuwa?
- Mu nyengo iyi, mbatata zimafunikira kuthirira masiku onse 4-5.
- Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya ndi koyenera, mutha kuthirira kubzala mopitilira kamodzi pa masiku 8-10.
Ngakhale mphamvu zakuthambo ndi kutentha ndizofunikira kwa mbewu, kusowa chinyezi kapena kuthilira kosakonzekera mosasamala kungakhudze kuchuluka kwa tubers ndi mtundu wawo:
- Mbatata zikathiridwa mutabzala koyamba, izi zimathandizira kukula kwa gawo la mbewu.
- Madzi kulowa m'nthaka mu June ndi Julayi, pamene mbewu zikukonzekera kuphuka, ndichulukitsa kuchuluka kwa ma tubers.
- Pambuyo pake kuthirira kumayala maziko a mbatata zazikuluzikulu komanso zazitali.
Mawonekedwe ndi nthawi ya ulimi woyambira wa mbatata
Tchire lomwe limasowa madzi, kale kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokulira, musamapangire stolons zokwanira ma tubers zomwe zingawonekere. Zotsatira zake, m'malo mwa mbatata zingapo pachitsamba ndizoyambira 5 mpaka 12 zidutswa. Chifukwa chake, makamaka pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yakucha, kuthirira ndi chilimwe ndikofunikira.
Momwe mungathiritsire mbatata kuti muyambe kukolola? Kutsirira koyamba kumachitika pakati pa chitsamba, pomwe nthambi zikamera ndi 5-10 cm. Nthawi yomweyo, malita atatu a chinyontho ayenera kugwera pachitsamba chilichonse. Timalandira panthawiyi chinyezi chokwanira, tchire silimangokhala gawo lakumwambalo, komanso zimapatsanso mbali zina zam'mbali.
Poyerekeza ndi mbatata yokolola yophukira, mitundu yoyambayo imadya madzi ochepa, koma imachita kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndizosavomerezeka kuti dothi lomwe lili pansi pa mbeu ziume.
Ngati dzanja lamiza ndikuzama kwa zala pansi kuti lisaume, kodi ndikufunika kuthirira mbatata? Inde, ichi ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika kuti mbewu zili ndi ludzu.
- Pamene chitsamba chikukula, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chimadyedwa kumakula mpaka malita 6 patsiku.
- Ngati mukuyang'ana kuti gawo limodzi lamadzi limatuluka m'nthaka, ndiye kuti malita 12 a madzi ayenera kugwa pansi pa chomera chilichonse nyengo yotentha komanso yopanda mvula.
Lamuloli limagwiranso ntchito pobzala mitundu ya nyengo yapakatikati.
Kuthirira pa mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa tubers
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti inyowetse nthaka m'nthawi ya mapangidwe a tuber, yofanana ndi nthawi yayitali pakati pa mawonekedwe a masamba oyambira ndi maluwa ambiri a mbatata. Simungadikire kuti masamba ayambe kuchuluka, ngakhale mapesi amtundu umodzi ndi chizindikiro kumiyeso yakumapeto, yomwe singachedwe kukhudza kukwera kwa zokolola ndi 15-30%.
Nthawi ina yovuta pamene kuthirira mbatata mutabzala ndikofunikira kwambiri kumayenderana ndi kukula kwa ma tubers:
- Kuyamba kwa nthawi imeneyi kumagwirizana ndi kutha kwa maluwa.
- Kukucha kwa mbewu yamtsogolo kumatha ndi kufa kwa nsonga.
- Pakathirira kamodzi, mbewu zizilandira pafupifupi malita 20 amadzi, zochuluka choncho zimatha kunyowetsa wosanjikiza wokwanira.
Popewa kutukula kwa vuto lakumapeto, mbatata ziyenera kuthiriridwa kuti usiku, kutentha kwa mpweya kukatsika, masambawo amakhala owuma.
Momwe mungathiritsire mbatata kuti mupewe nkhanambo, ming'alu ndi zofooka pa tubers?
Mbatata zikuluzikulu koma zoyipa zikapezeka kukumba tubers, izi zimayambitsa nkhawa m'minda yambiri. M'malo mwake, ma tubers osasinthika a mawonekedwe osakhazikika ndi omwe amachitika chifukwa chosasamba nthawi zonse, pakati pomwe mbewuzo zidakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi.
Panyengo yachilala, kukula kwa mbatata sikunalephereke, ndipo chinyezi cha nthaka chimayambanso njirayi. Zotsatira zake, malo okukula amakula mosiyanasiyana, ndipo tuber imakhala yodabwitsa. Ngati nthawi yothirira mbatata imalemekezedwa ndipo dothi limakhalabe lonyowa nthawi yopanga ndi kukula kwa ma tubers, mbatata zimakhala, sizimakhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo, ndipo palibe ming'alu yomwe imawoneka pankhope pawo.
Kupanga malo abwino mbatata
Momwe mungathiritsire mbatata ndikuwerengera nthawi yomwe kuthilira kudzakhala kofunikira?
- Nthawi yabwino yothirira munyengo yotentha ndi nthawi yamadzulo. Nthawi zambiri kuthirira m'mawa kumakhala koopsa chifukwa dzuwa lotuluka msanga limawotcha nsonga zonyowa.
- Kutalika kochepa kwamadzi pachitsamba chilichonse ndi malita atatu. Kuchuluka kwanyontho kumatsimikiziridwa kutengera nyengo nyengo, monga nthaka ndi mitundu ya mbatata. Dothi lopepuka, lotayirira limafuna kuthirira kwambiri kuposa loams ndi chernozems.
Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana amomwe mungathiritsire mbatata:
- Ena wamaluwa amaona kuti muzu wofunika kuthirira.
- Enanso amakonda kulima manyowa.
- Pakakhala mvula nthawi yayitali mbatata zoyambirira, kuthilira kumathandiza, pambuyo pake dothi limasulidwa kuti lisungidwe chinyezi.
Kuyanika kuthirira ndi mulch - yabwino yothandizira kutsirira
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti njirayi imatchedwa "kuthirira owuma." Njira imeneyi sikuti imangophimba madzi mu nthaka. Kuchepetsa kumasulira ngakhale kuthira chinyezi chokwanira. Mbatata sizimagwira bwino dothi lambiri. Dothi lotuluka limavomerezedwa mosavuta kuzakudya ndi mpweya. Komabe, ntchito zoterezi ndizotheka pokhapokha pakubwera kwa mbande.
Mutha kusunga madzi othirira ndikuchepetsa nthawi yothirira mbatata pogwiritsa ntchito mulch kuchokera ku siderats, kuthengo zakale ndi zinthu zina pamabedi. Ndikayamba kutentha kwa chilimwe, mulch imapatsa mbewu mozizira, imanyowetsa chinyezi kuchokera kumlengalenga ndikuyamba kuthira manyowa ikamayamba kutentha.
