Tuberous begonias ndi am'banja la Begonian ndipo ndi osakanizidwa ovuta opangidwa ndi obereketsa ochokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya begonias.
Mitundu yoposa chikwi chimodzi cha mbewu imaphatikizidwa mu banja la Begonia. Ndipo pali mitundu yopitilira 12,000 mitundu ndi ma hybrids a begonias.Pofuna kutukuka kwa alimi, begonias olimidwa amagawidwa m'magulu atatu, awa: chitsamba cha begonia ndi masamba okongoletsera ndi maluwa okongoletsera.
Gulu lomaliza ndilambiri ndipo limaphatikizanso mitundu yomwe imangokhala yophukira kapena nthawi yozizira. Mitundu yomwe imamasulidwa ndi inflorescence iwiri kapena maluwa osavuta mosalekeza (chaka chonse) ndiyotchuka kwambiri. Palinso mitundu yotere, yomwe maluwa ake ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo alipo ambiri. Ndipo pali mitundu yomwe ili ndi maluwa akulu kwambiri a terry omwe ali ofanana ndi maluwa.
Kubzala tuber begonia kunyumba
Gulani begonia tuber
Monga lamulo, wamaluwa amagula kapena kulandira buku la begonia mwa tuber (kapena gawo la tuber).
Ngati mumagula tuber nokha, samalani ndi momwe zikuwonekera. Kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala osachepera 3 cm. Chachikulu ndichakuti tubers ndi wandiweyani (osati wowuma) komanso wosalala, wopanda mfundo zokayikitsa komanso kuwonongeka.
A tuber ali ndi pamwamba komanso pansi; nthawi zina amakhala ovuta kusiyanitsa. Pamtunda pamakhala ma tubercles ndi osayenerera - awa ndi impso, malo okula. Pamwamba pa tuber mumakhala concave kapena lathyathyathya, ndipo pansi ndi kotumbika. Zilonda zazikulu kwambiri zitha kugawidwa ndi mpeni m'magawo awiri a 2-4. Chachikulu ndichakuti aliyense ali ndi impso zosachepera 3 - malo okula.
Dothi
Wobiriwira wobiriwira amakonda dothi lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi popanda kulowerera asidi. Mizu ya achikulire itabzalidwe muzosakaniza zotsatirazi: peat (1 gawo), mchenga (gawo limodzi), mitengo yolimba (magawo atatu). Ndizololedwa kuwonjezera gawo limodzi lankhumba lowola.
Ndikofunika kubzala Begonia tuber mumphika mu February-Marichi. Ndipo poyera - osati kale kuposa Meyi-June. Dothi liyenera kutenthedwa kale. Kubzala tuber begonia kasupe.
Mutha kuphukira ndi tuber musanabzalire panthaka, ngati mbande, kenako zikumera ziyenera kudulidwa mosamala m'mabedi amaluwa, ndikuziyika patali 30 cm cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Poto Pa tubonia begonia muyenera kusankha mphika wapakatikati, osakulirapo komanso osati wozama kwambiri. Chachikulu ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa tuber mumtsuko. Kuchokera pamwamba pa tuber mpaka m'mphepete mwa mphika pazikhala 3-4 cm.
Kubzala tuber begonia
Timatsuka tubers kuchokera kumizu yakufa. Pofuna kupewetsa mbewu pamalopo, tuber iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fung fung (osachepera yankho lochepa la potaziyamu). Zilowerere kwa mphindi 30.
1/3 dzazani mphikawo ndi dongo lokakulitsidwa kapena ngalande zina. Kenako timadzaza mphikawo ndi gawo lapansi. Timapanga zodzikongoletsa momwe timayikiramo timatumba (kukula ndikukula). Yesani kuyika begonia mosamala bwino. Kenako muyenera kuwaza pamwambapa kuti musiyitse impso kutseguka.
Pambuyo pake, pomwe mphukira zazing'ono za Begonia ya tubder ikafika kukula kwa 4-5 masentimita, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera gawo lina ndikuphimba tuber.
Kusamalira tuber begonia kunyumba
Mitundu yotentha
Kwa mitundu yomwe imaphukira nthawi yozizira, kutentha kwambiri kozungulira kudzakhala madigiri 13 mpaka 21. Komabe, ngati maluwa atakhala pachilimwe nthawi yopuma bwino, ndipo masamba ake nkufa, duwa liyenera kutetezedwa ku chisanu.
Chinyezi
Begonia ilibe chidwi chilichonse chinyezi. Komabe, mbewu iyi imamvanso bwino ikakhala yayitali.
Zowunikira
Duwa limakonda kuwala kowala, koma ndikofunikira kulingalira nthawi yomweyo kuti kuwongolera dzuwa kungawavulaze. Pankhaniyi, iyenera kutetezedwa kwa iwo. Mitundu yomwe imaphukira nthawi yachisanu imafunikira kuwala kwambiri panthawi yomwe masamba amapangika ndipo maluwa akuyamba.
Momwe mungamwere
Kuthirira kwambiri kumafunikira pachomera pa nthawi yonse ya maluwa. Ndipo zikatha, muyenera kuthilira madzi ngati kuli kofunikira, koma muyenera kudziwa kuti kuyanika kwa matope osaloledwa sikuyenera kuloledwa.
Pang'onopang'ono muchepetse kuthirira kofunikira mbewu zomwe zimapuma nthawi yozizira, koma masamba awo atayamba kutembenukira chikaso. Begonia iyenera kuthiriridwa bwino. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ngati muumitsa dothi kapena mosinthanitsa, mbewuyo itasefukira kwambiri, izi zisokoneza mkhalidwe wake.
Kuvala duwa ndi yofooka yankho la mchere kapena michere yapadera kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi ya maluwa ndi maluwa.
Zambiri Zofalitsa
Tuberous begonias imatha kufalitsidwa kudzera njira zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, mu nthawi ya masika, mutha kuyesa kukulitsa maluwa atsopano kuchokera kudulidwe, ndikugawananso tubers za mbewu yakale. Pali mitundu ina yomwe imadzala nthangala. Mitundu yomwe imaphukira nthawi yachisanu imatha kufalitsidwa ndi kudulidwa masamba kapena nsonga za zimayambira.
Thirani
Poika duwa ili, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi yothirira, madzi sayenera kuzimiririka mumphika, chifukwa chake ngalande ndizofunikira kwambiri. Olima odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuyika makala pamwamba pamakina amoyo - izi zithandiza kupewa kuvunda. Ndipo mphika umadzazidwa ndi dothi. Mukabzala, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti tuberyo iyenera kupezeka pang'onopang'ono ndikungowaza ndi dothi.
Matenda
Ngati mukuazindikira kuti mbewuyo yakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wina wa matenda, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Choyamba, begonia yodwala iyenera kuchotsedwa pamaluwa athanzi, m'chipinda chotseguka bwino. Ndipo kachiwiri, ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala oyenera.
Maluwa
Mlanduwo ukadzakhala ndi dimba lalikulu lomwe limamera m'nyumba m'mphika, ndiye kuti maluwa ang'onoang'ono (achikazi) omwe amakula pafupi ndi lalikulu (wamwamuna) amafunika kudulidwa. Maluwa angozimiranso ayenera kuchotsedwa. Izi sizingachitike pokhapokha ngati begonia ili ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono.
Kukula zovuta ndi zifukwa
Panthawi yolimidwa kwa begonia, zovuta zina zimatha kubuka. Mwachitsanzo:
- Masamba achikasu. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti mmera mulibe kuwala kokwanira. Komanso, zovuta zoterezi zimatha kuchitika ndikuthilira kwambiri kapena osakwanira.
- Malangizo a masamba anasanduka bulauni. Mpweya mchipindacho ndi wouma kwambiri.
- Masamba ndi akuda bii ndipo amawola.. Chifukwa chake ndikuthirira kwambiri, dziko lapansi ladzala ndi chinyezi.
- Bud dontho. Kuthirira kwambiri kapena mpweya mchipindacho ndi wouma kwambiri.
- Masamba amagwa. Mwambiri, mtengowo ulibe kuwala, pomwe mitengo yake imakhala yochepa kwambiri ndi masamba ochepa. Ngati kutentha kwa chipindacho ndikokwera, masamba amasintha ndikuwuma. Ndipo zimathanso kuvunda ndi kufota pakakhala chinyezi chambiri kwambiri m'nthaka.
