Zoyenera kusankha posankha nkhaka?

Moni okondedwa wamaluwa, wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa Lero tikambirana za kusankha nkhaka zokulira m'mabedi athu, m'malo obisalamo, m'malo obisika, m'malo okhala. Ndipo ndikufuna kudziwa kuti posachedwapa wamaluwa ambiri amagwiritsabe ntchito ma hybrids, ma parthenocarpic hybrids, omwe safuna kupukutidwa, ngakhale zili zachisoni kuti amaiwala mitundu, yomwe njuchi zapukutidwa, ngati lamulo.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imadziwika chifukwa chakuti, mwina, zochepa zimakhudzana ndi matenda. Inde, amatha kutenga matenda, komabe, chifukwa cha mchere wa cask, mwina, palibe nkhaka zabwinoko. Ndipo tsopano ambiri a inu muli ndi ma cellars akuluakulu, migolo yamatabwa. Ndipo, mwachidziwikire, nkhaka zabwino kwambiri - zikuwonekeratu kuti ndi mitundu yoyendetsa njuchi, ndipo, monga lamulo, kwakukuluzi izi ndi nkhaka zakuda. Khungu lonyowa ndi lowonda kwambiri. Ziphuphu ndizabwino poyendera, posungira, zimatha kusungidwa nthawi yayitali - sizimauma, sizitha, kenako zimapatsidwa mchere ndi mbiya zazikulu zonse.

Woyankha wa Sayansi ya Zaulimi Nikolai Petrovich Fursov amalankhula za momwe angasankhire nthanga za nkhaka kuti zikule m'khola lotentha

Zachidziwikire, kufowoka kwa matenda kumatulutsa pang'ono nkhaka izi kuchokera ku parthenocarpics, kuchokera ku ma hybrids. Zomwe sizifunika kupukutidwa, limodzi nawo, zowerengeka, nkhawa zochepa, koma, ndizopepuka komanso zofunika, monga lamulo, pogona. Malo othawirako amatha kukhala pa arcs, kapena ndi malo obiriwira, kapena ndi malo otentha. Ndikukhulupirira kuti nonse mumadziwa momwe malo obiriwira amakhalira osiyana ndi malo obiriwira. Ndi munthawi imeneyi pomwe nkhaka za parthenocarpic, zomwe sizikhala ndi maluwa amphongo ndipo sizifuna chala kuti zimveke, ndiye zimamera bwino pamalo otsekeka, m'malo obisalamo, ndipo ndi pomwe zimapanga zokolola zomwe zidalembedwa pazotsatsa pa 32: mita.

Apanso, omwe amalima masamba apakati pa Russia, Non-Chernozem Territory, ayenera kukumbukira kuti zochulukitsa za kuyesa kwa nkhaka ndi mbewu zamasamba zilizonse zimachitika komwe mbewu zimapangidwa. Kodi ndikosavuta kubala mbewu? Zachidziwikire, kumadera omwe ali ndiulimi wocheperako pang'ono, komwe nyengo imakhala yotentha, yodalirika. Chifukwa chake, ndizomwezo zomwe ndizomwe zimalembedwa zomwe zidapezeka, mwachitsanzo, mu Krasnodar Territory. Ngati tili ndi nyengo yabwino, ndiye kuti mbewuyi ikhoza kupezeka. Koma, monga lamulo, m'chigawo chapakati cha Nthaka Yopanda Mtambo nyengo yakula, kuwala kumakhala kotsika, dzuwa limakhalanso laling'ono, motero zokolola za makilogalamu 32-38, monga momwe opanga nthawi zina amalembera pamaphukusi, ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza.

Parthenocarpics imasiyana pakuti tikayang'ana duwa, timatha kuona maluwa aliwonse ndi ovary, kaya ndi maluwa kapena gulu. Ndipo mukudziwa kuti si maluwa 2, 4, 6 okha omwe amatha kutuluka pachimake pa tsamba limodzi, motero mazira amatha kutuluka ambiri. Chokhacho ndikuti zowonjezera izi sizinafikebe kwa anthu, koma pazonse, zosakanizidwa zotere zimakhalapo pomwe 40, ndipo ngakhale maluwa 50 azimayi amatha kutuluka mu sinus imodzi.

Kuwonongeka kwa parthenocarpics sikofunikira, ndipo, ndikukulangizani inu nonse kuti mubzale mitundu ingapo ya nkhaka zopukutidwa ndi njuchi. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa nthawi zina zimachitika kuti gulu lalikulu kwambiri la maluwa, maluwa oyamba amayamba kuphukira, lachiwiri kutola kukula uku, ndipo lachitatu ndikusowa mphamvu pang'ono. Ndipo zakale zikamakula, zotsalazo zimagwira, lachiwiri, polankhula, zilibe mphamvu, zimasintha mawonekedwe, mwachitsanzo, sizingakhale zokongola kwambiri, sizingakule. Ndipo ngati maluwa amenewa anali kupukutidwa ndi njuchi, amakhoza kupanga mungu, pamenepa ndiye kuti nkhaka zimatha kukhala zokwanira. Chifukwa chake, musaiwale, izi sizovuta kuchita. Zomera 2-4 zimabzalidwa koyambirira ndi kumapeto kwa ulimi wobiriwira, ndipo zokolola zidzakhala zazikulu, zabwino komanso zodalirika.

Nkhaka mbewu mu pepala poyera ma CD Chikwama chosankha chosunga zitsulo

Ndikufuna kudziwa zotsatirazi. Nkhaka zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, nthanga za maungu zimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, koma m'malo abwino. Nthawi zina, ndipo nthawi zambiri, nkhaka zamitundu mitundu, zomwe zimakonkhedwa zambiri, zimakhala zotsika mtengo, zimayikidwa mumbale zodziwika bwino, zochuluka kwambiri. Parthenocarpics yabwino - monga lamulo, mitengo yodula, pamene zidutswa zisanu zimatha kugula ma ruble 50 ndi 70 - zimayikidwa phukusi lachiwiri. Monga lamulo, limakhala ndi zitsulo, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti muzikhala ndi chinyezi nthawi zonse, kupewa tizirombo zilizonse, popanda matenda. Ndipo ndibwino kugula nkhaka zilizonse, ngati zingatheke, ponyamula kawiri. Ndizofunikira kuti zikhale zolocha, kutanthauza kuti, zimathandizidwa ndi zokonzekera zomwe zimateteza nthangala ku matenda, komanso kuphatikiza pawiri izi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zikuluzidwe.

Amayi anga, mverani izi. Ndipo ngati zonse mwadzidzidzi mutamangidwa ndi njere imati "Mpaka 2017" ndipo mukuopa, ndiye pachabe. Adzakutumikiraninso mu chaka cha 2018 ndi 2020, ngati atayika mu phukusi lazitsulo.

Kuchita ndi yankho lapadera la nkhaka za nkhaka muchikwama chowirikiza

Tsopano ndadula mwachangu, ndikuwonetsa zomwe kutengera zitsulo ndi zomwe mbewu zikutanthauza kuti zikonzedwa kale.

Chonde onani tanthauzo la mbewu yamtunduwu. Alijambulidwa ndipo ali paphukusi lotere. Chifukwa chake yesani kugula mbewu zabwino, ngakhale zitakhala zochepa mtengo.

Nikolai Fursov. PhD mu Sayansi ya Zaulimi