Msuzi wa shuga

Sweji ya shuga ndi mtundu wamba wa mizu ya banja la amaranth. Beets zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya kuyambira nthawi ya chikumbutso (1 - 2nd century 2000). Kupanga mitundu ya shuga beets wokhala ndi shuga wambiri kunayamba kokha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Ndipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 shuga adayamba kupanga ma shuga a shuga. Nthawi yomweyo, obereketsa adagwiranso ntchito popanga mitundu yatsopano ya beet ndi shuga wambiri. Zoposa zaka 200, zinali zotheka kuwonjezera kwambiri shuga mu ma beets a shuga (malinga ndi magwero ena ndi 20%, malinga ndi ena - nthawi zina). Zokolola izi zokhala ndi zipatso zambiri (zana limodzi zimatha kudzipereka mpaka 500 kg ya mizu), mbewu zaukadaulo ndi zomanga zimangodalira malo olima. Zimafunikira kutentha, chinyezi komanso dzuwa zambiri. Malo oyenera kulimidwa kwambiri ndi malo othiriridwa m'dera la Black Earth. Georgia ndi Ukraine, pamodzi ndi Russia ndi Belarus, nawonso akhama omwe amalima shuga. Beetroot amalimidwa, kuphatikiza ku Europe, North America, mbewu iyi ndiyotchuka ku Africa, Middle East ndi Central Asia.

Zothandiza katundu.

Mankhwala achikhalidwe kuyambira pachikumbutso, ndipo pambuyo pake sayansi yazachipatala idazindikira kuti beets ndizothandiza kwambiri. Chomera ichi chili ndi mavitamini ambiri: PP, C ndi mavitamini onse a gulu B. Mwa michere mu beets, ayodini, chitsulo, magnesium, mkuwa, phosphorous, calcium iyenera kutchedwa. Muli bioflavonoids, pectins ndi chinthu monga betaine. Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito shuga Beets chakudya, kuwonjezera chitetezo chawo, kusintha chimbudzi ndi kagayidwe. Shuga wa "shuga" amawongolera "ntchito yamtima wamagazi, chifukwa imakhudza bwino kupanga kwa hemoglobin, komanso imalimbitsanso makoma amitsempha yamagazi. Izi zimalimbikitsidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha atherosulinosis, kuchepa magazi, matenda oopsa komanso leukemia. Beets za shuga ndizofunikira makamaka kwa amayi onse omwe ali ndi udindo paumoyo wawo komanso kuteteza unyamata wawo. Izi zimathandizanso kupewa kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, zimachotsa poizoni m'thupi.

Kukula shuga.

Wamaluwa atha kunena kuti itha kudalilidwa bwino mu nyumba zam'chilimwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino m'nyumba yanu. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri mbewu yabwino kwambiri imeneyi ndi mbatata, phwetekere, nyemba, chimanga. Beets ya shuga imayandikana bwino ndi nyemba, anyezi, kabichi, letesi, kohlrabi. Pazifukwa izi, zibzalidwe pang'ono pamodzi ndi mbewu zomwe zili pamwambazi, zikusinthanitsa magulu ake. Poterepa, zokolola zimachuluka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa tizirombo kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuyika beets shuga pambuyo pa kaloti, turnips, rutabaga, parsnip, udzu winawake, chifukwa tizirombo ndi matenda a mbewuzi ndizofala.

Ma peat bogs ndi mchenga ndizoyenera kukula kwa beets a shuga, ndipo dothi labwino kwambiri ndi sod-podzolic, sod kapena sand loam. Mabedi azitenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa ndi pafupi ndi mbewu zomwe tafotokozazi. Nthawi yobzala imawerengeredwa potengera kutentha kwa kutentha kwa dziko lapansi (madigiri 6-8). Ma grooves amakonzedwa motalikirana ndi 40 cm kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Kuzama kwake (2-5 cm) kutengera mtundu wa dothi. Kwa wolemera (dongo) ndizochepa, kwa kuwala (mchenga ndi mchenga) - zina. Asanadzalemo m'mizere, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tithandizire feteleza wovuta, yemwe angapangitse kuti mbande yabwino komanso yowonjezera kukula.

Beetroot ali ndi chodabwitsa chomwe mbewu zingapo zimamera kuchokera mu mbewu imodzi, pomwe zimamera, zimafunikira kucheperachepera. Kuti mbewu zimere mwachangu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizilowerere tsiku limodzi muzakudya zomanga thupi. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, njerezo zimakutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa ndikusungidwa kwa masiku osapitilira 3, kumanyowetsa mankhwalawo ndikusunga kutentha koyenera. Pambuyo pa kubzala mbande (patsiku la 8-10), kumasula koyamba, kuwonda kumachitika, kusiya mbewu zotukuka kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, kuti mukolole zokolola zabwino, kulima zazitali zazitali zisanu komanso zazitali zam'mizere zimachitika, ndikuwonjezera kuya (mpaka 10-12 masentimita) pamene mbewu za muzu zimakula.

Amakhulupilira kuti kufunikira kwa madzi kuchokera kuma beets omwe amalimidwa shuga sikungathandize. Chifukwa chake, pambuyo pa kumera kwa beets m'masiku 50-60 otsatira, ndikokwanira kuthirira mbewu nthawi zochepa kuti zitsimikizike kukula. Koma kuyambira mu Julayi, kuthirira nthawi zonse kumayenera kuchitika masiku aliwonse a 7-10, chifukwa panthawiyi pali kukula kwamasamba ndi mizu. Pambuyo pa Seputembara 1, ma beets a shuga, monga lamulo, amakhala ndi mvula yokwanira, koma ngati nthawi yophukira ili youma, ndiye kuti kusowa kwa chinyezi kuyenera kulipidwa ndi kuthirira. Ngati feteleza adawonjezeredwa pamabedi nthawi yodzala beets, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimadyetsedwa nthawi yakula kwambiri masamba ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni (mwachitsanzo, ammonium nitrate pamlingo wa 15 g pa 1 m².). Panthawi yopanga mizu, ndikofunikira kupatsa mbewu phosphate ndi potaziyamu (10 g pa 1 m²).

Pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito wowerengeka azitsamba: phulusa la nkhuni, fumbi la mpiru, ufa wamiyendo, njira zambiri zamadzimadzi zomwe zimapangidwa kwa masiku angapo pamasamba osweka a celandine kapena dandelion.

Beets ya shuga imayenera kuchotsedwa chisanachitike chisanu. Zomera zotsogola zimachotsedwa padziko lapansi mosamala kuti zisawonongeke panthawi yosungirako. Pambuyo pouma, mbewu za muzu zimasungidwa mu chipinda chowuma komanso chotseka, ndikuchiyika m'mabokosi, owazidwa ndi mchenga.

Kugwiritsira ntchito nyumba kunyumba shuga.

Panali lingaliro lolondola la ma beets a shuga ngati chida chamakono chogwiritsidwa ntchito mumsika wa shuga. Zilonda zopangidwa ndi shuga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipatso za asidi, mowa, glycerin ndi zinthu zina. Koma makolo athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino beets mu shuga, kuphatikizapo chakudya cha ziweto. Kuphatikiza apo, munthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa anthu wamba aku Russia (nkhondo, njala) mbewu monga mbatata ndi masamba a shuga zidawathandiza kupulumuka. Mosasamala kanthu za mayeso onyansa operekedwa ndi asayansi a nduna, kulima zothandizira kukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambira kwambiri, komabe, ulimi wopeza bwino, chifukwa zaka zambiri wathandiza anthu "kupeza ndalama," chifukwa cha minda ndi zoweta, mabanja achichepere adapulumuka. Kuphatikiza pamisonkho yamisonkho yamtundu uliwonse, alimi amapulumutsa kuchuluka kwa mizinda yaku Russia kuti isafe ndi njala, ndipo munthawi ya Soviet, kutumiza kwa zinthu kuchokera kumafamu ocheperako m'njira zamisonkho (nyama, batala, mazira, ndi zina). zomwe (i.e. kufalikira) kwa USSR, mwina, sikadatha kupirira kuukiridwa kwa Germany wa Nazi.

Masiku ano, ma beets a shuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika kunyumba. Ndi ma beets a shuga osankhidwa, mbale zambiri zimakometsedwa, mwachitsanzo, kupanikizana, mapala amkaka, makeke, ma compotes. Amisiri amapanga kuwala kwa mwezi ndi manyumwa kuchokera pamenepo. Ambiri aiwo amalangiza musanagwiritse ntchito ma tubers kuti ayichepetse kuti akhale bwino. Amisiri ena amakhulupirira kuti ndikokwanira kusamba bwino timazirombo.

Kupaka shuga wa masamba apansi kumawerengedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro cha kutha kwa kukula kwa mizu. Kuyambira pano mutha kuyamba kukonza mizu. Njira yofala kwambiri yowerengera imatha kuonedwa ngati madzi ophika. Chowonadi ndi chakuti anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti shuga woyengedwa sichinthu chachilengedwe chokha komanso amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito manyuchi a beetroot ngati othandiza kwambiri m'malo mwake. Kuti ikonzekere, kutsukidwa ndi muzu wa mbeu yoyenera kuyenera kupukutidwa kapena kudulidwa mutizidutswa tating'ono ndikuyika poto yopanda kanthu. Ndikofunika kuti beets isakhudze pansi, ndiye kuti manyuchi atuluka popanda kuwawa. Kwa 10 makilogalamu a beets osankhidwa, ndikokwanira kuwonjezera 1.5-2 malita a madzi otentha. Kuphika beets mu saucepan kwa ola limodzi pamatenthedwe kutentha, kusuntha mosalekeza. Ena amalimbikitsa zophika zophika m'maphika ophika, akukhulupirira kuti zabwino zomwe zingachitike zizikhala zabwino. Zomwe zili mu potozi zimakhazikika ndikufewetsa pogwiritsa ntchito chosindikizira kapena chikwama chovalitsira pamodzi ndi madzi momwe ma beets amayendetsedwera. Chikwangwani chofinyiridwacho chimathiridwanso ndi madzi otentha m'chiyerekezo cha 2: 1, ndikusunthidwa ndikuyika mu uvuni kapena mu uvuni kwa mphindi 40. Kenako msuziwo umatsanuliridwanso. Madzi onse omwe amapezeka amasefa m'magawo angapo a gauze ndikuyika moto wochepa kuti uwuke, osunthira nthawi yonse. Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu wapamwamba komanso kukoma kwambiri kwa manyowa kudzakhala kuti ngati kutuluka kwam'madzi kumachitika ndi kusamba kwamadzi. Pakuphika, voliyumu yamadzimu iyenera kuchepera kanayi, kukhala ngati kupanikizana kwamadzimadzi. Manyowa okonzeka amathiridwa m'mitsuko yagalasi, yomwe imatsekedwa mwamphamvu. Kuti sikhala ndi shuga, chifukwa 1 makilogalamu a madzi amawonjezera 1 g ya citric acid. Kuti musunge kwakanthawi kotalikirapo (kupitirira miyezi iwiri), manyuchi amayikidwa pamalo ozizira, kapena pasteurized pa 90 ° C.

Guwa lomwe latsalira mutapanga madziwo limatha kudyetsedwa kwa nyama kapena mbalame, lomwe ndi losavuta kwambiri. Koma ngati mukugwira ntchito pang'ono, mutha kuphika chakudya chokoma kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kufalitsa zamkati papulogalamu yopyapyala, ndikuyiyika mu uvuni kapena uvuni pamtunda wa 85 ° C. Pambuyo pa theka la ola, chotsani, lolani kuti kuzizire, kuyambitsa. Opaleshoni iyi iyenera kubwerezedwa kangapo. Kenako chazolowera zopaka m'matumba zimapachikidwa pamabatire kapena pazinthu zina zotenthetsera kuyanika, osayiwala kuiwalitsa. Ikakonzeka, imayikidwa mumitsuko kapena m'matumba kuti isungidwe m'malo abwino. Zotsatira zoyambira zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mwakufuna kwawo.