The corms ndi osatha herb Sparaxis (Sparaxis) ndi membala wa banja la Iris. Pansi pa chilengedwe, izi zimapezeka kumwera kwa Africa, m'chigawo cha Cape. Ndipo imodzi mwazinthuzi idayambitsidwa ku California. Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya mbewuyi, ndikofunikira kuti asayansi ena amawaganizira kuti ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo akatswiri ena amati izi ndi zosiyana zamtundu womwewo. Sparaxis ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 20. M'dzina la genus pali muzu wachi Greek, womwe umamasulira kuti "kugawanitsa malekezero ena kumapeto."
Zinthu za sparaxis
Kutalika kwa sparaxis kumatha kutalika kuchokera pa 0.15 mpaka 0.6 m.Smooth, masamba opanda masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe ngati lamba, lanceolate. Maluwa okhala ndi nyenyezi okhala ndi utoto wokhazikika ndipo amafika pafupifupi 50 mm kudutsa. Mabulogu adagawika pamipangiri, zomwe zadziwika kale kuchokera ku dzina la mtundu. Mzere wa pestle umayimira chubu lalifupi la perianth, lomwe limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a puloti. Stigmas zopota zopanda mphamvu ndizokhazikika.
Kudzala kwa sparaxis kwakunja
Nthawi yobzala
Malo abwino okulitsa sparaxis ndi dera lakumwera: kasupe ndi wotentha, chilimwe ndi yotentha, nthawi yophukira imachedwa, ndipo nyengo yotentha imakhala yotentha komanso yofatsa. Mukukula mbewu ya maluwa m'ma patadutsa, kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, timatumba tawo timachotsedwa pansi ndikuikonza kuti tisungidwe, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, timabzalidwe panthaka. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ma tubers abzalidwe m'ma latitude ndi ozizira kuyambira chiyambi mpaka pakati pa Meyi, nthaka itatenthetsedwa bwino. Kumagawo akum'mwera, komwe sikotentha kuposa 1 degree nthawi yozizira, tubers amabzalidwa nthawi yozizira, m'masiku omaliza a Okutobala.
Malamulo akumalo
Malo oyenera ayenera kukhala abwino, otseguka komanso otetezedwa ndi mphepo. Ngati sparaxis wabzulidwa m'malo otetezedwa, ndiye kuti izi zimatha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pakukula kwa mbewu. Imadzala bwino pang'onopang'ono, koma itha kubzalidwe mu dothi lina, koposa zonse, kuti ikhale ndi madzi ambiri.
Mababu ayenera kuyikidwa munthaka ndi 50-80 mm (kutengera kukula kwawo). Mtunda pakati pa mabowo ndi pakati pa mizere uyenera kukhala mainchesi 8-10. Anabzala tubers amafunika kuthirira kwambiri. Tchire lomwe linabzalidwa mu Meyi likhala likuyamba kuphuka mu Ogasiti, ndipo lidzatha ndi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu yoyamba.
Kusamalira dimba kwa sparaxis
Kusamalira sparaxis wamkulu m'matalikidwe apakati kuyenera kuchitidwa chimodzimodzi ndi chikhalidwe chotchuka cha maluwa - gladiolus. Maluwa oterowo amafunika kuthiriridwa nthawi yake, udzu, komanso kumasula dothi pakati pa tchire. Pakagwa chilala, kumtunda kwa thengo kuyenera kukhala ponyowetsedwa kuchokera mfuti yakuwombera m'mawa kapena madzulo, dzuwa likalowa, chifukwa ngati kuwala kwadzuwa kugunda m'malovu amadzuwa, masamba amatha kuwoneka. Ndikofunikanso kuchotsa mwachangu pachitsamba maluwawo omwe ayamba kumera, chifukwa cha izi amachititsa kuti apange masamba atsopano ndi zitsinde.
Momwe mungamwere ndi kudyetsa
Kumayambiriro kwa kukula, tchire ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi madzi okwanira pafupipafupi. Mukathirira, dothi lonse liyenera kumasulidwa, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, maudzu onse ayenera kutulutsidwa. Nthawi yayitali chilala, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika kawiri kapena katatu m'masiku 7, ndikuchulukana. Iyenera kuthiriridwa kokha ndi madzi okhazikika, omwe ayenera kutentha bwino dzuwa. Kuthilira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa sparaxis kumalimbikitsidwa m'mawa kapena madzulo dzuwa litalowa. Ngati madzi akumwa m'nthaka kapena kuthirira nthawi zonse ochulukirachulukira, izi zitha kuyambitsa kukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Pakapangidwa masamba, tchire limafunikira kudyetsedwa ndi yankho la feteleza wophatikiza wam'mimba pamadzi oyenda maluwa (20 magalamu amatengedwa pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi). Panyengo, mbewuyo imadyetsedwa katatu kapena kanayi. Ikazimirira, mavalidwe onse ayenera kuyimitsidwa. M'masiku otentha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tithandizire kuthira gawo la mbewu pamsipu, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda, ofunda. Ngati izi sizinachitike, ndiye kuti kuwonda kwa masamba kuyang'aniridwa, komanso kufalikira kwa masamba (sangathe kupanga konse), izi ndichifukwa choti mbewuyo imakhala ndi chinyezi chochepa kwambiri.
Kubala sparaxis
Chikhalidwe ichi chitha kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu, komanso ndi ana. Njira yosavuta yoberekera ndiwosakhwima. Mukabzala chomera panthaka, ana ake ayenera kupatulidwa ndi mizu yake. Malo olakwika amafunikira kuwaza ndi ufa wa malasha, kenako ana amatha kudzalidwa m'maenje okonzekera. Simuyenera kulekanitsa ana m'dzinja musanayike mazira osungirako nthawi yozizira, chowonadi ndi chakuti mu miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ayenera kuti amauma kwambiri.
Ndikothekanso kukula duwa kuchokera pa mbewu, koma njirayi imadziwika chifukwa cha zovuta komanso nthawi yayitali. Bokosi limatengedwa, lakuya lomwe liyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 10, ndipo lodzazidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana lomwe limadzaza ndi michere. Mbewu zofesedwa mchidebe ichi, kenako zimapangidwanso m'malo otentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi chambiri. Pakatha masiku 20-30, mbande zoyambirira ziyenera kuonekera, kenako zikhale zofunikira kuzichepetsa, pomwe mtunda wa 20 mm uzisungidwa pakati pa mbewu. Mbewu zikakhala zofanana ndi masentimita 7-8, ziyenera kubzalidwa m'mundamo, pomwe dothi limayenera kutenthedwa kale. Nthochi zokhwima kuyambira nthawi yoyamba zimaphukira pokhapokha zaka zitatu.
Zisanu
Masamba ataphuka, chisamaliro chinanso chidzatengera momwe mukukula mbewu iyi: monga osatha kapena pachaka. Pakakulidwa pakatikati patali komanso malo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, pomwe matendawa amatha ndipo gawo lake pamwamba pamtunda limasanduka chikasu, zipatsozo zimayenera kuchotsedwa m'nthaka. Dothi likachotsedwa kwa iwo, limasamutsidwira kuchipinda chouma komanso chotseguka bwino, ndipo gawo lakutsogolo siliyenera kudulidwa. Masamba akapukuta bwino, amafunika kuti adulidwe bwino, kenako mababu amasungidwa pamalo ozizira (madigiri 5 mpaka 9). M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tikayendetse mwadongosolo zinthu zodzalamo, chifukwa mudzatha kudziwa nthawi yoyambira kapena yowuma tubers ndikuyichotsa. Pakatsala nthawi yochepa kwambiri musanabzidwe panthaka, zinthu zofunikira kubzala ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi kutentha (kuchokera pa 25 mpaka 27 degrees). Kulekanitsa ana ndi mababu kuyenera kuchitidwa musanabzike. Zomera zodzala izi zitha kusungidwa kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Mukakulitsa sparaxis kummwera chakumwera, komwe sikumakhala kozizira kuposa 1 degree yozizira, simungathe kukumba mpaka nyengo yachisanu. Poterepa, chikhalidwechi chimakula ngati chosatha. Ngati mukuopabe kuti tchire liziwuma, ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira imakutidwa ndi nthambi zamipira yazipatso.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Ngati sparaxis iperekedwa mosamala, ndiye kuti singakhudze matenda kapena tizirombo. Komabe, ngati madziwo akunjenjemera m'nthaka, izi zimapangitsa kuti maonekedwe azionekera ndipo, monga lamulo, pamenepa mbewuyo imafa.
Ngati masamba pafupi ndi chitsamba anazimiririka ndikuzimiririka, ndiye kuti zoterezi zimachitika chifukwa chosowa chitsulo. Kuti tichotse chlorosis, njira zomwe zimakhala ndi chitsulo mu chelated fomu ziyenera kuwonjezeka kunthaka.
Sparaxis amakhala ndi mavuto ambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa dzuwa komanso kuzizira.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya sparaxis yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Zakhala zikunenedwa pamwambapa kuti nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa kuti sparaxis yomwe ili pamaso panu, yomwe ndi mtundu kapena mtundu. Pansipa kufotokozeredwa mitundu ya chikhalidwe ichi yomwe imakonda kwambiri olima.
Sparaxis tricolor (Sparaxis tricolor), kapena sparaxis tricolor (Ixia tricolor)
Kutalika, chitsamba chimatha kutalika pafupifupi 0,4 metres. Kutalika kwa ma peduncles kumafikiranso pa 0.4 m, amanyamula kuchokera 5 mpaka 7 maluwa okongola, omwe amatha kukhala awiri kapena amtundu umodzi. Pansi pamiyala, maluwa amakhala ndi mphete yakuda yomwe imawalekanitsa pakati penipeni achikasu. Maonekedwe a masamba a masamba ndi xiphoid.
Ma Sparaxis (Sparaxis elegans)
Kutalika kwa chomera chaching'ono kumeneku sikupita mamita 0.15 Mtundu wa maluwawo ndi oyera kapena lalanje. Mwa wokonza dimba, "sparaxis mix" ndiyotchuka, komwe ndi kusakaniza kwamtundu, komwe kumakhala ndi mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Sparaxis Bilbifer (Sparaxis bulbifera)
Kutalika kwa chomera chokulirapo, chomwe chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kusakhazikika kwake, pafupifupi mamitala 0.6. M'malo okhala ndi maluwa omata, mapangidwe otseguka mawonekedwe amawonekera, omwe ali ndi maluwa omwe amafika 60 mm kudutsa, amatha kupaka utoto wachikasu, kirimu wowala, oyera kapena kuyera chikasu.
Sparaxis grandiflora
Mtunduwu ndi wamtali. Ma plates a masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe okhala ngati lamba. Maluwa ndi akulu, atali, amatha kupaka utoto woyera, wofiirira komanso wachikasu kwambiri. Maluwa amakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake nyamayi imatchedwanso sparaxis onunkhira. Otchuka kwambiri pakati wamaluwa ndi mitundu monga:
- Superba. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi 0.25-0.3 mamita. inflorescence yooneka ngati nthomba imaphatikizapo maluwa 5 mpaka 7, kufika 50 mm kudutsa, amatha kukhala ndi lalanje, lofiirira, oyera kapena achikasu, ndipo pakati pake ndi akuda kapena achikaso.
- Mbuye wamoto. Maluwa amtundu wa Scarlet ali ndi pakati wakuda.
- Kaso. Maluwa onunkhira amtundu wakuda wofiirira, pakati ndi wakuda, ndipo stamens ndi yoyera.
- Tsiku lotentha. Maluwa a kirimu mandimu ali ndi maziko opingasa omwe amakhala pansi pamiyala. Pakati chikaso chimakhalanso ndi malire. M'munsi mwa miyala yamkati pakati ndipamtunda wa utoto wowala.
- Mtundu wa lunar. Maluwa okongola oyera-oyera aacac amakongoletsa mikwingwirima ya rasipiberi, yofiirira kapena yofiirira yakuda. Mtundu wapakati ndi wachikasu, ndipo amisala amdima.
