Mpendadzuwa kapena heliantemum ndi mtundu wokongola komanso wosasinthika wobiriwira womwe udzasanduka kukongoletsa kwabwino kwa dimba. Mpendadzuwa wa mphuno umadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kuyambira utoto wonyezimira mpaka wonyezimira wowala wa lalanje kapena wofiirira. Chitsamba chokhazikika chimakonda malo opanda miyala, chokongoletsa mundawo ndi mawonekedwe ake osangalatsa.
Dzina lodabwitsa la maluwa owala
Dzinalo lalikulu, heliantemum, mbewu yaying'ono yokongola yomwe idalandiridwa kuchokera ku mawu awiri achi Greek: dzuwa - "helios" ndi duwa - "anthos". Anthu ankamutcha mpendadzuwa. Dzinali linaperekedwa pachifukwa: masamba a chitsamba otseguka potuluka dzuwa ndipo "amawonera" nyenyeziyo tsiku lonse, kutembenuza miyala yake ku cheza chake.
Ndipo ndi maina angati achikondi omwe mpendadzuwa adalandira chifukwa cha kulimbikira ndi kukongola modekha: "phiri lidakwera", "mwala udakwera", wopatsa, "udzu wouma" ndi "dzuwa kutuluka".
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Malinga ndi gulu la botanical, mpendadzuwa ndi gawo la banja la herbaceous (kapena shrubby). Monga oimira ambiri a gulu lochepa, Tender ndi chomera chosatha.
Zimayambira zowongoka kapena zopangika (zochepa nthawi zambiri, zokwawa pansi), kutalika kwake kumafika 10-50 cm (kutengera mitundu). Masamba ndi owongoka, osadukiza mawonekedwe ndikuwonetsa nsonga. Masamba amatha kukhala amtundu uliwonse: kuchokera pakakhala zobiriwira zokhala zobiriwira mpaka zobiriwira. Maluwa akulu-apakati ndi petals zisanu. Mtundu wowala wa pamakhala ndi zimbale zimakopa tizilombo kuti tizipukutira. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, zipatso za bokosi zimamera pamtima, mkati mwake momwe muli mbewu zambiri.
Kwawo kwenikweni kwa Heliantum ndizovuta kukhazikitsa. Chinthu chimodzi ndikotsimikiza: duwa lodabwitsa ili labwera kwa ife kuchokera kutali. Chifukwa cha kulimbikira kwake, njonda ija yachokera ku North Africa kupita ku lamba la Arctic ku Russia.
Kubzala mpendadzuwa ndi chisamaliro
Ngakhale heliantemum ndi chitsamba chosazindikira, iye, monga chomera chilichonse, amafunika kupanga njira zoyenera pamoyo. Onani zinthu zochepa chabe za mpendadzuwa, ndipo zidzakusangalatsani ndi kukongola kwake kwanthawi yayitali:
- Mosiyana ndi maluwa ambiri am'munda, heliantemum safuna kuvala pamwamba (amalimbikitsa kukula kwamasamba ndi zimayambira, pomwe maluwawo amakhala ochepa).
- Mpendadzuwa umakonda malo otentha, abwino. Masamba ayenera kukhala ouma (otulutsidwira) ndi miyala, calcareous, loamy kapena dothi lamchenga.
- Heliantemum imafunika kuthiriridwa nthawi ndi nthawi, munthawi youma;
- Zitatha kufota kwa nthawi yoyamba, zimafunika kudulira pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, mudzasamalira mawonekedwe a mbewu ndikuletsa kukula kwake.
- Ngakhale mpendadzuwa ndi chomera chokhazikika, nthawi zina chimakhudzidwa ndi nthenda yotchuka ya fungus yotchedwa septoria (yowona malo oyera). Ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba omwe ali ndi kachilombo, ndiye kuwawotcha. Wophunzitsayo amafunikira kuti afafanizidwe ndi 1% yankho la Bordeaux. Njira yokhayo yopewe kufa kwa mbewu.
Mitundu ina ya mpendadzuwa imakhala ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana osokonekera. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, maluwa ofiira ndi a thermophilic, amafera msanga pozizira. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu pachaka.
Zosiyanasiyana za Mpendadzuwa
Tsopano mitundu yoposa 70 ya mpendadzuwa wa mpweya amadziwika. Kuthengo lakutchire, kosakhazikika kumapezeka kumapiri aku Africa, Alps, Pacific, Pacific, Caucasus ndi Arctic. Tsopano duwa limayamba kutchuka pakati pa obereketsa. Heliantemum, kubzala ndi kusamalira komwe ndikosavuta, tsopano kwakhala anthu osakhalitsa m'minda padziko lonse lapansi. Mitundu ina yamalipira imakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri.
Mpendadzuwa ndi maluwa akulu
Mosiyana ndi anzawo amtchire, mitunduyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwakukulu kwamaluwa (mpaka 4 cm mulifupi). Machesi ndi ma stamens ndi chikasu chowala. Masamba achikondi chofewa chachikulu ndi chachikulu, chowala chobiriwira. Zimayambira ndizotakata, mpaka kutalika pafupifupi 30 cm.
Mpendadzuwa wa Monolithic
Mpendadzuwa wa Monolithic ndiwo mitundu yotchuka komanso yotchuka kwambiri. Dziko lakwawo ndi Kumwera kwa Europe ndi Mediterranean. Zimayambira ndizitali (mpaka 30 cm), zokwawa pansi. Masamba ndi owola, osangalatsa pamaso, amitundu yobiriwira. Mu chilengedwe, maluwa ndi achikasu achikuda, ndipo mitundu yokhazikitsidwa - lalanje, pinki, rasipiberi, ofiira, otuwa a lilac.
Utoto wa mpendadzuwa
Malo ocheperako amtundu wa Tender omwe amapezeka madera akouma a kumpoto kwa Europe (kuphatikiza Great Britain) ndi North Africa. Masamba ang'ono, pansi, imvi (dzina lake). Masamba ndi ang'ono, mandimu achikasu kapena oyera.
Mpendadzuwa wa Apennine
Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri za heliantemum: kutalika kwa mapiko ake kumatha kufika 50 cm! Dziko lakwawo ndi malo ouma a mapiri a ku Europe. Masamba ndi okwera, wokutidwa ndi imvi. Maluwa ndi ofiira a pinki okhala ndi malire achikaso kapena mtundu wachikasu.
Mpendadzuwa wa Arctic
Mpendadzuwa wa Arctic - mtundu wokhawo wakumpoto wa heliantemum. Chithunzi chamaluwa olimba mtima ichi chidzakopa aliyense. Katsamba kakang'ono kabwino (pafupifupi bwino kuzungulira), yekhayo wochokera ku banja lonse lakumwera, adakhala m'malo ovuta a kumpoto. Maluwa ake ndi achikaso chowoneka bwino, ndipo kutalika kwa chivundikiro kumafika pafupifupi 40 cm.
Mpendadzuwa wa Arctic pano akuwoneka kuti ali pachiwopsezo ndipo walembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Alpine wa mpendadzuwa
Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, mtunduwu umakhala m'malo otsetsereka a Alps. Chomera chimakhala chododometsa: nthambi zake zimatalika masentimita 10-15. Masamba ndi maluwa ndi ang'ono. Mukakula, zimayambira zimakhala ndimtundu wachilendo wonyezimira.
Zophatikiza
Ma heliantemums opangidwa ndi ma hybrid ndi mitundu ina yachilengedwe kapena yachilengedwe yomwe imadutsidwa ndi inzake. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba okongoletsera, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukana chisanu.
Kubala kwa Heliantemum
Chithunzi cha momwe mungakonzere bwino kubzala kwa heliantemum ikhoza kupezeka pansipa. Duwa ili limakhala lonyalanyaza pamikhalidwe, motero, limasinthika mosavuta kumadera aliwonse.
Ndikwabwino kufesa maluwa mumachubu ang'onoang'ono mpaka mbande zokulimba ndikukonzekera kusuntha.
Mutha kumatha kukhala njonda inunso. Pali njira ziwiri zokulitsira maluwa: mbewu ndi masamba (odulidwa). Imene ili bwino - sankhani wosamalira dimba.
Kukula mpendadzuwa kuchokera ku mbewu ndikosavuta kusiyana ndikumalumikiza. Chifukwa chake mumavulaza chomeracho ndipo mumatsimikiziridwa kuti mudzapeza zotulukazo. Chikwama cha mbewu chitha kugulidwa ku malo aliwonse kapena m'manja. Kenako, onetsetsani momwe mumadzala njonda. Mpendadzuwa, kufesa mbande zomwe mutha kuyamba kumayambiriro kwa Epulo.
Mbewu zobzalidwa mu ubweya wa thonje kapena chinyezi chonyowa nthawi zina zimaswa.
Ngati mukufuna kubzala mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha, muchite kumapeto kwa Epulo. Pofuna chisanu, kuphimba mbande ndi spanbond.
Mbande aziyikira patali, chifukwa nthawi yachilimwe mbande zimasanduka zitsamba zobiriwira. Tsoka ilo, tchire limakula motere patha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri zitheka.
Ngati mukumva ngati sindikufuna kudikira, mutha kuyesa kuchotsa chikondicho ndi zodula. Pakati pa mwezi wa Julayi, kudula theka-lignified (makamaka ndi ma infode atatu kapena kuposerapo) kudulidwa kuchokera ku chomera chachikulire.
Ndikwabwino kutenga zigawo zodula. Pamwambapa pafupifupi alibe mizu.
Siyani timapepala tating'onoting'ono timadulidwe, chotsani zotsalazo. Viyikani m'munsi m'mphepete mwa zodulirazo ndikukupangitsani ana ndikubzala mu botolo la pulasitiki (makamaka pamithunzi). Ngati dothi lodula, gwiritsani ntchito mchenga 1-2 cm. Madzi ngati pakufunika.
Mpendadzuwa wabwino ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri yomwe alimi ambiri ankakonda. Chitsamba ichi chimazika dera lililonse.
